1970-2010年石家庄地区大气水资源特征
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摘要
利用石家庄地区1970-2010年的降水和气温数据,统计分析了该区域降水、蒸发和大气可利用水资源变化特征.研究结果表明:1)石家庄地区降水、实际蒸发和大气可利用水资源均由西部山区向东部平原递减;2)研究区平均年降水量为485 mm,其中73%的降水被蒸发损失,17%的降水可被地面利用;3)石家庄地区大气可利用水资源季节分布呈夏季(105 mm)>秋季(15 mm)>春季(8 mm)>冬季(1.5 mm).年均大气可利用水资源呈下降趋势,一定程度上反映了研究区内地表和地下水情况在不断恶化.
Based on monitoring data obtained from 17 national meteorological stations located in Shijiazhuang region during the period of 1970-2010,the change charististics of precipitation,evaporation and available atmospheric water resource were analyzed, respectively.The results indicated that the spatial distribution of precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and available water resource decreased from the west mountains to the east plain.The annual average precipitation was 485 mm,and about 73 % of the precipitation was consumed by evapotranspiration,and 17 % of the precipitation was used by land surface.The available seasonal water resource decreased from summer(105 mm) and autumn(15 mm)to spring(8 mm) and winter(1.5 mm).The annual average available water resource showed a decrease trend,illustrating that the situation of surface water and groundwater was getting worse.
Based on monitoring data obtained from 17 national meteorological stations located in Shijiazhuang region during the period of 1970-2010,the change charististics of precipitation,evaporation and available atmospheric water resource were analyzed, respectively.The results indicated that the spatial distribution of precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and available water resource decreased from the west mountains to the east plain.The annual average precipitation was 485 mm,and about 73 % of the precipitation was consumed by evapotranspiration,and 17 % of the precipitation was used by land surface.The available seasonal water resource decreased from summer(105 mm) and autumn(15 mm)to spring(8 mm) and winter(1.5 mm).The annual average available water resource showed a decrease trend,illustrating that the situation of surface water and groundwater was getting worse.
引文
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[3] 施雅风,沈永平,胡汝骥.西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的信号、影响和前景初步探讨[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):219-226.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0240.2002.03.001SHI Yafeng,SHEN Yongping,HU Ruji.The Preliminary Discussion of Signal,Effects and Prospects About Northwest Climate Transformation from Dry and Warm to Wet [J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(3):219-226.
[4] 张一驰,吴凯,于静洁,等.华北地区1951-2009年气温、降水变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(11):1930-1941.ZHANG Yichi,WU Kai,YU Jingjie,et al.Characteristics of Precipitation and Air Temperature Variation During 1951-2009 in North China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(11):1930-1941.
[5] 翟盘茂,潘晓华.中国北方近50年温度和降水极端事件变化[J].地理学报,2003,58(增刊):1-10.doi:10.3321/j.issn.0375-5444.2003.z1.001 ZHAI Panmao,PAN Xiaohua.Change in Extreme Temperature and Precipitation over Northern China During the Second Half of the 20th Century [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(Suppl):1-10.
[6] 黄会平.1949-2005年全国干旱灾害若干统计特征[J].气象科技,2008,36(5):551-555.doi:10.19517/j.1671-6345.2008.05.008HUANG Huiping.Analysis of Statistical Characteristics of Droughts in China from 1949 to 2005[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2008,36(5):551-555.
[7] 陶云,赵荻,何华,等.云南省大气中水资源分布特征初探[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(4):506-515.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2007.04.011TAO Yun,ZHAO Di,HE Hua,et al.Distribution Characteristics of Yunnan Province Atmospheric Water Resource[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2007,18(4):506-515.
[8] 宋正山,杨辉,张庆云,等.华北地区水资源各分量的时空变化特征[J].高原气象,1999,18(4):552-566.doi:10.3321/j.issn.1000-0534.1999.04.010 SONG Zhengshan,YANG Hui,ZHANG Qingyun,et al.The Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Varaiation of Water Resource Components over Northern China[J].Plateau Meteorology,1999,18(4):552-566.
[9] 张士锋,王翠翠,孟秀敬,等.永定河北京段蒸散发研究[J].地理科学进展,2013,34(4):580-586.doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.04.010ZHANG Shifeng,WANG Cuicui,MENG Xiujing,et al.Evaporation Study in Beijing Section of the Yongding River[J].Progress in Geography,2013,34(4):580-586.
[10] 高歌,黄朝迎.中国水资源年景评估方法及应用研究[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(3):105-110.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2005.z1.014 GAO Ge,HUANG Chaoying.Study of Water Resources Annual Assessment and Its Application in China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2005,16(3):105-110.
[11] 卞韬.石家庄地区气候变化特征的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.BIAN Tao.Characteristics of Cliamte Variation in Shijiazhuang[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.
[12] 赵国石,郝立生.石家庄市气候变化特征分析[J].气象科技,2007,35(6):797-802.doi:10.19517/j.1671-6345.2007.06.007ZHAO Guoshi,HAO Lisheng.Characteristics of Climate Change in Shijiazhuang During Recent 55 Years[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2007,35(6):797-802.