大沽河下游地区地下咸水的水化学特征及成因
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摘要
大沽河下游地区存在大面积咸水体,为了查明咸水体盐分的来源,揭示地下水咸化机理,于2017年4、8和10月在大沽河下游地区采集地下水样品,对其进行研究。现场原位监测地下水的水位、水温、电导率和总溶解性固体等,并采集水样进行主要水化学离子测定。用数理统计法、吉布斯图解法、主要水化学离子比值法以及卤族元素比值法对地下水样进行综合分析,分析地下水化学分布特征,识别出地下咸水的盐分来源;并结合古地理、地质和水文地质资料,研究其咸水形成机理。结果表明:(1)研究区由西北向东南方向,TDS和Cl浓度均逐渐升高,水质由淡水逐渐向盐水转化,地下水的优势阴离子类型沿着HCO_3型→HCO_3·Cl型→Cl·HCO_3型→Cl型变化,大部分地区的阳离子以Na~+占主导地位。(2)研究区内地下淡水受到岩石风化-溶滤和蒸发浓缩的共同影响,地下咸水的形成主要受到与海水的混合作用控制,还受到阳离子的交换吸附和矿物溶解作用的影响。(3)综合Br/Cl和I含量,证实了研究区存在着海相沉积地层的溶解作用,这是研究区东南部地下咸水的重要盐分来源。
There is a large area of salt groundwater in the lower reaches of Dagu River.In order to identify the sources of salt groundwater and reveal the salinization mechanism of groundwater,groundwater samples were collected in April,August and October,2017.Based on analysis of field measurement data(including the water lever,water temperature,conductivity and total dissolved solid),hydrononomic ion ratio,Gibbs diagram and halogen elements of various water samples,it is concluded that the groundwater hydrochemistry distribution characteristics.Then combining paleogeographical environment and geological data,we can reveal the genetic mechanism of salt groundwater.The results suggest that:(1)from the northwest to southeast of the study area,the concentrations of TDS and Cl gradually increase,and the water quality changes from freshwater to salt water.The dominant anion types of groundwater are along HCO_3→HCO_3·Cl→Cl·HCO_3→Cl changes,Na+is the major cation in most regions.(2)The fresh groundwater in the study area is affected by the combination of rock weathering,leaching and evaporation.The formation of salt groundwater is mainly controlled by the mixing action with seawater,and is also affected by the cation exchange adsorption and mineral dissolution.(3)The combination of Br/Cl and I content confirms the existence of marine dissolved sediments in the study area,which is an important salinity source for salt groundwater in the southeast of the study area.
There is a large area of salt groundwater in the lower reaches of Dagu River.In order to identify the sources of salt groundwater and reveal the salinization mechanism of groundwater,groundwater samples were collected in April,August and October,2017.Based on analysis of field measurement data(including the water lever,water temperature,conductivity and total dissolved solid),hydrononomic ion ratio,Gibbs diagram and halogen elements of various water samples,it is concluded that the groundwater hydrochemistry distribution characteristics.Then combining paleogeographical environment and geological data,we can reveal the genetic mechanism of salt groundwater.The results suggest that:(1)from the northwest to southeast of the study area,the concentrations of TDS and Cl gradually increase,and the water quality changes from freshwater to salt water.The dominant anion types of groundwater are along HCO_3→HCO_3·Cl→Cl·HCO_3→Cl changes,Na+is the major cation in most regions.(2)The fresh groundwater in the study area is affected by the combination of rock weathering,leaching and evaporation.The formation of salt groundwater is mainly controlled by the mixing action with seawater,and is also affected by the cation exchange adsorption and mineral dissolution.(3)The combination of Br/Cl and I content confirms the existence of marine dissolved sediments in the study area,which is an important salinity source for salt groundwater in the southeast of the study area.
引文
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[19]Mondal N C,Singh V S,Saxena V K,et al.Assessment of seawater impact using major hydrochemical ions:A case study from Sadras,Tamilnadu,India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,177:315-335.
[20]黄翠,郑西来,栾熙明,等.咸淡水驱替过程中含水介质渗透性变化的试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009(6):21-25.Huang C,Zheng X L,Luan X M,et al.Experimental study of changes in hydraulic conductivity of aquifer medium in salt-freshwater displacement process[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2009(6):21-25.
[21]Alcala′F J,Custodio E.Using the Cl/Br ratio as a tracer to identify the origin of salinity in aquifers in Spain and Portugal[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,359:189-207.
[22]Han D,Kohfahl C,Song X,et al.Geochemical and isotopic evidence for palaeo-seawater intrusion into the south coast aquifer of Laizhou Bay,China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2011,26:863-883.
[23]杨巧凤,王瑞久,徐素宁,等.莱州湾白浪河河水和河口海水的水化学和氢氧稳定同位素特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(5):48-55.Yang Q F,Wang R J,Xu S N,et al.Hydrochemical and stable isotopic characteristics of estuarial seawater and river water of Bailang River in Laizhou Bay[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(5):48-55.
[24]Ouhamdouch S,Bahir M,Carreira P M.Geochemical and isotopic tools to deciphering the origin of mineralization of the coastal aquifer of Essaouira basin,Morocco[J].Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2017,17:73-76.
[25]刘广山,纪丽红,谢林波,等.四种不同海域沉积物碘研究[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(S1):494-496.Liu G S,Ji L H,Xie L B,et al.Iodine study of marine sediments from four sea areas[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(S1):494-496.
[2]Carol E,Kruse E,Mas-Pla J.Hydrochemical and isotopical evidence of ground water salinization processes on the coastal plain of Samborombón Bay,Argentina[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,365:335-345.
[3]Ahmed M A,Samie S G A,Badawy H A.Factors controlling mechanisms of groundwater salinization and hydrogeochemical processes in the Quaternary aquifer of the Eastern Nile Delta,E-gypt[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,68:369-394.
[4]Gattacceca J C,Vallet-Coulomb C,Mayer A,et al.Isotopic and geochemical characterization of salinization in the shallow aquifers of a reclaimed subsiding zone:The southern Venice Lagoon coastland[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,378:46-61.
[5]姚锦梅,周训,谢朝海.广西北海市海城区西段含水层海水入侵地球化学过程研究[J].地质学报,2011,85(1):136-144.Yao J M,Zhou X,Xie C H.On the geochemical processes of seawater intrusion in the western section of the Haicheng District of Beihai,Guangxi[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(1):136-144.
[6]Cardona A,Carrillo-Rivera J J,Huizar-Alvarez R,et al.Salinization in coastal aquifers of arid zones:An example from Santo Domingo,Baja California Sur,Mexico[J].Environmental Geology,2004,45:350-366
[7]Hamouda M F B,Tarhouni J,Leduc C,et al.Understanding the origin of salinization of the Plio-quaternary eastern coastal aquifer of Cap Bon(Tunisia)using geochemical and isotope investigations[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,63:889-901.
[8]Bouzourra H,Bouhlila R,Elango L,et al.Characterization of mechanisms and processes of groundwater salinization in irrigated coastal area using statistics,GIS,and hydrogeochemical investigations[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22:2643-2660.
[9]肖菲,周勇华,陈小英.青岛沿岸海(咸)水入侵灾害的成因与现状[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(5):54-58.Xiao F,Zhou Y H,Chen X Y.Research on origin and current status of sea(salt)water intrusion in coastal zone of Qingdao[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2012,28(5):54-58.
[10]刘衍美,徐有杰,解风云,等.大沽河海水入侵综合治理效果分析与防治对策[J].山东水利,2006(12):13-14.Liu Y M,Xu Y J,Xie F Y,et al.Effect analysis and Control Countermeasures of comprehensive treatment of seawater intrusion in Dagu River[J].Shandong Water Resources,2006(12):13-14.
[11]栾熙明,郑西来,林国庆,等.青岛大沽河下游地下咸水体变化的数值模拟[J].地下水,2009,31(3):7-10.Luan X M,Zheng X L,Lin G Q,et al.Numerical simulation of underground salt water changes at the lower area of Dagu River in Qingdao[J].Ground Water,2009,31(3):7-10.
[12]焦超颖,邱汉学,刘贯群.青岛市大沽河水源地数值模拟模型[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1994(S3):122-126.Jiao C Y,Qiu H X,Liu G Q.A numerical simulation model of Dagu River groundwater field in Qingdao City[J].Journal of O-cean University of Qingdao,1994(S3):122-126.
[13]袁月平,黄修东,孙团先,等.青岛市海(咸)水入侵普查与机理研究[J].中国水利,2017(15):17-19.Yuan Y P,Huang X D,Sun T X,et al.General survey of seawater intrusion in Qingdao City and mechanism studies[J].China Water Resources,2017(15):17-19.
[14]青岛市水利局.青岛市大沽河地下水库可行性研究专题报告[R].青岛:青岛市水利局,1999.Hydrology Bureau of Qingdao.The Special Report on the Feasibility Study of the Underground Reservoir of the Dagu River in Qingdao[R].Qingdao:Hydrology Bureau of Qingdao,1999.
[15]刘志杰,庄振业,韩德亮,等.全新世胶州湾海侵及大沽河古河口湾的形成和演变[J].海岸工程,2004,23(1):5-12.Liu Z J,Zhuang Z Y,Han D L,et al.Holocene transgression in the Jiaozhou Bay and formation and evolution of the Daguhe Paleoestuarine Bay[J].Coastal Engineering,2004,23(1):5-12.
[16]韩有松,孟广兰.胶州湾地区全新世海侵及其海平面变化[J].科学通报,1984(20):1255-1258.Han Y S,Meng G L.Holocene transgression and changes in sea levels in the Jiaozhou Bay Area[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1984(20):1255-1258.
[17]中国地质调查局.水文地质手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2012.Geological Survey of China.Hydrogeological Manual[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2012.
[18]Han D,Post V E A,Song X.Groundwater salinization processes and reversibility of seawater intrusion in coastal carbonate aquifers[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,531:1067-1080.
[19]Mondal N C,Singh V S,Saxena V K,et al.Assessment of seawater impact using major hydrochemical ions:A case study from Sadras,Tamilnadu,India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,177:315-335.
[20]黄翠,郑西来,栾熙明,等.咸淡水驱替过程中含水介质渗透性变化的试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009(6):21-25.Huang C,Zheng X L,Luan X M,et al.Experimental study of changes in hydraulic conductivity of aquifer medium in salt-freshwater displacement process[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2009(6):21-25.
[21]Alcala′F J,Custodio E.Using the Cl/Br ratio as a tracer to identify the origin of salinity in aquifers in Spain and Portugal[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,359:189-207.
[22]Han D,Kohfahl C,Song X,et al.Geochemical and isotopic evidence for palaeo-seawater intrusion into the south coast aquifer of Laizhou Bay,China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2011,26:863-883.
[23]杨巧凤,王瑞久,徐素宁,等.莱州湾白浪河河水和河口海水的水化学和氢氧稳定同位素特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(5):48-55.Yang Q F,Wang R J,Xu S N,et al.Hydrochemical and stable isotopic characteristics of estuarial seawater and river water of Bailang River in Laizhou Bay[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(5):48-55.
[24]Ouhamdouch S,Bahir M,Carreira P M.Geochemical and isotopic tools to deciphering the origin of mineralization of the coastal aquifer of Essaouira basin,Morocco[J].Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2017,17:73-76.
[25]刘广山,纪丽红,谢林波,等.四种不同海域沉积物碘研究[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(S1):494-496.Liu G S,Ji L H,Xie L B,et al.Iodine study of marine sediments from four sea areas[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(S1):494-496.