双馈水轮发电机快速功率响应的控制策略研究
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摘要
与常规水轮发电机组相比,双馈水轮发电机组响应速度更快、工作水头更宽,但由于双馈发电机及变频器的使用,其控制更加复杂。首先,本文基于负荷优化理论,提出了一种在等单位功率曲线上寻找最小单位流量的方法,用于改进最优转速寻优策略;其次,依据电机定子磁链定向矢量控制理论,结合双通道励磁和多变量误差叠加的控制方法,将滞环电流控制引入到双馈水轮发电机励磁控制策略中,得到快速产生电压源变换器触发信号的方法;最后,建立了双馈水轮机单机无穷大发电系统仿真模型。在实现变速恒频功能的基础上,对改变给定功率工况进行仿真研究,并与常规水电站同工况仿真对比。结果表明,本文提出的控制方法可明显缩短功率响应的调节时间,具有一定的参考应用价值。
Doubly-fed hydro turbine units have a higher response speed and a wider working head than those of conventional hydro turbine units. But application of doubly-fed generators and frequency converters requires more complicated control methods. First, this paper develops a new method based on the load optimization theory for finding the minimum unit flows on equal unit power curves to improve the optimization method of optimal speeds. Then, according to the theory of stator flux orientation vector control and through double-channel excitation and multivariable error superposition, we integrate the current hysteresis vector control into a doubly-fed turbine generator excitation control strategy and obtain a method for rapid generation of the trigger signals of voltage source converters. Finally, we construct a simulation model of the single-machine infinite-bus system with doubly-fed turbines and achieve a variable speed and constant frequency(VSCF) function. And the operation cases of changing the given power are examined and compared with the conventional cases. The results show that our new control method significantly shortens the adjusting time of power response of a hydropower station.
Doubly-fed hydro turbine units have a higher response speed and a wider working head than those of conventional hydro turbine units. But application of doubly-fed generators and frequency converters requires more complicated control methods. First, this paper develops a new method based on the load optimization theory for finding the minimum unit flows on equal unit power curves to improve the optimization method of optimal speeds. Then, according to the theory of stator flux orientation vector control and through double-channel excitation and multivariable error superposition, we integrate the current hysteresis vector control into a doubly-fed turbine generator excitation control strategy and obtain a method for rapid generation of the trigger signals of voltage source converters. Finally, we construct a simulation model of the single-machine infinite-bus system with doubly-fed turbines and achieve a variable speed and constant frequency(VSCF) function. And the operation cases of changing the given power are examined and compared with the conventional cases. The results show that our new control method significantly shortens the adjusting time of power response of a hydropower station.
引文
[1]王淑超,孙光辉,俞诚生,等.光伏发电系统级快速功率调控技术及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(21):6254-6263.WANG Shujiao,SUN Guanghui,YU Chengsheng,et al.Photovotaic power generation system level rapid power control technology and its application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(21):6254-6263.(in Chinese)
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[12]赵林明.交流励磁调速水轮发电机组调节特性的数学模型[J].大电机技术,1996,11(4):13-15.ZHAO Linming.The mathematical model of regulation character of the variable speed hydroelectric unit with ACexcitation[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,1996,11(4):13-15.(in Chinese)
[13]李辉,杨顺昌.双馈水轮发电机系统的优化调节特性模型[J].电网技术,2005,29(9):31-35.LI Hui,YANG Shunchang.Mathematical model of optimal regulative active characteristics for doubly fed hydro-generator system[J].Power Grid Technology,2005,29(9):31-35.(in Chinese)
[14]BLASKO V,KAURA V.A new mathematical model and control of a three-phase AC-DC voltage source converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002,12(1):116-123.
[15]XU H L,HU J B,HE Y K.Modeling and control of wind turbine driven doubly-fed induction generators under harmonic grid voltage conditions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(11):9557-9566.
[16]徐永海,刘晓博.考虑指令电流的变环宽准恒频电流滞环控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(6):90-95.XU Yonghai,LIU Xiaobo.A variable hysteresis-band and quasi-constant current controller with reference current[J].Transactions of China Electrical Society,2012,27(6):90-95.(in Chinese)
[17]SUUL J A,UHLEN K,UNDELAND T.Variable Speed pumped storage hydropower for integration of wind energy in isolated grids-Case description and control strategies[M].Helsinki University of Technology,2008.
[18]杨顺昌,廖勇,李辉,等.异步化同步发电机[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.YANG Shunchang,LIAO Yong,LI Hui,et al.Asynchronizing synchronous generator[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[19]DE JAEGER E,JANSSENS N,MALFLIET B,et al.Hydro turbine model for system dynamic studies[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1994,9(4):1709-1715.
[20]龙源,李国杰,程林,等.利用光伏发电系统抑制电网功率振荡的研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(24):44-49.LONG Yuan,LI Guojie,CHENG Lin,et al.A Study on damping power system oscillations based on photovoltaic system[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(24):44-49.(in Chinese)
[2]KORITAROV V,GUZOWSKI L,FELTES J,et al.Modeling adjustable speed pumped storage hydro units employing doubly-fed induction machines[R].[S.l.]:Argonne National Laboratory,2013.
[3]KOKADO T.大河内水电厂首台大型调速抽水蓄能系统[J].许善椿,译.国外大电机,1998(1):34-42.KOKADO T.The first large-scale variable-speed pumped storage system in Dahannei Hydropower Station[J].XUShanchun,translated.Guowai Dadianji,1998(1):34-42.(in Chinese)
[4]毕孝峰.大河内电站400 MW可调速抽水蓄能系统的运行[J].水电站机电技术,1997(3):75-79.BI Xiaofeng.Operation of 400 MW variable speed pumped storage system in Dahani Hydropower Station[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,1997(3):75-79.(in Chinese)
[5]中村泰造.可变速抽水蓄能发电系统实用化[J].安永重,译.国外大电机,1992(5):1-3.NAKAMURA TAE.The practicality for variable speed pumped storage power generation system[J].ANYongchong,translated.Guowai Dadianji,1992(5):1-3.(in Chinese)
[6]李辉,黄樟坚,刘海涛,等.交流励磁抽水蓄能机组快速功率响应控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(11):156-161.LI Hui,HUANG Zhangjian,LIU Haitao,et al.Control strategy of rapid power response for AC excited pump storage units[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(11):156-161.(in Chinese)
[7]廖勇,杨顺昌.交流励磁发电机运行及控制原理[J].电工技术学报,1997(5):21-25.LIAO Yong,YANG Shunchang.Principles of operation and control principle for alternating current excitation generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,1997(5):21-25.(in Chinese)
[8]郭金东,赵栋利,林资旭,等.兆瓦级变速恒频风力发电机组控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(6):1-6.GUO Jindong,ZHAO Dongli,LIN Zixu,et al.Research of the megawatt level variable speed constant frequency wind power unit control system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(6):1-6.(in Chinese)
[9]张靠社,左霄,张增强.滞环矢量控制在双馈风力发电机中的应用[J].电网与清洁能源,2009,25(5):46-49.ZHANG Kaoshe,ZUO Xiao,ZHANG Zengqiang.Application of hysteresis vector control in doubly-fed wind generator[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2009,25(5):46-49.(in Chinese)
[10]SCHAFER D,SIMOND J.Adjustable speed asynchronous machine in hydro power plants and itsadvantage for the electric grid stability[J].EPETrondheim,1999,13(2):195-201.
[11]许善椿,郭春林.交流励磁调速水轮发电机负荷的优化调节[J].大电机技术,1995,10(2):10-13.XU Shanchun,GUO Chunlin.Optimum load regulation of the variable speed hydro-generator with AC excitation[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,1995,10(2):10-13.(in Chinese)
[12]赵林明.交流励磁调速水轮发电机组调节特性的数学模型[J].大电机技术,1996,11(4):13-15.ZHAO Linming.The mathematical model of regulation character of the variable speed hydroelectric unit with ACexcitation[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,1996,11(4):13-15.(in Chinese)
[13]李辉,杨顺昌.双馈水轮发电机系统的优化调节特性模型[J].电网技术,2005,29(9):31-35.LI Hui,YANG Shunchang.Mathematical model of optimal regulative active characteristics for doubly fed hydro-generator system[J].Power Grid Technology,2005,29(9):31-35.(in Chinese)
[14]BLASKO V,KAURA V.A new mathematical model and control of a three-phase AC-DC voltage source converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002,12(1):116-123.
[15]XU H L,HU J B,HE Y K.Modeling and control of wind turbine driven doubly-fed induction generators under harmonic grid voltage conditions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(11):9557-9566.
[16]徐永海,刘晓博.考虑指令电流的变环宽准恒频电流滞环控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(6):90-95.XU Yonghai,LIU Xiaobo.A variable hysteresis-band and quasi-constant current controller with reference current[J].Transactions of China Electrical Society,2012,27(6):90-95.(in Chinese)
[17]SUUL J A,UHLEN K,UNDELAND T.Variable Speed pumped storage hydropower for integration of wind energy in isolated grids-Case description and control strategies[M].Helsinki University of Technology,2008.
[18]杨顺昌,廖勇,李辉,等.异步化同步发电机[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.YANG Shunchang,LIAO Yong,LI Hui,et al.Asynchronizing synchronous generator[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[19]DE JAEGER E,JANSSENS N,MALFLIET B,et al.Hydro turbine model for system dynamic studies[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1994,9(4):1709-1715.
[20]龙源,李国杰,程林,等.利用光伏发电系统抑制电网功率振荡的研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(24):44-49.LONG Yuan,LI Guojie,CHENG Lin,et al.A Study on damping power system oscillations based on photovoltaic system[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(24):44-49.(in Chinese)