低压灌溉系统中文丘里施肥器吸肥性能试验分析
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摘要
水肥一体化灌溉施肥技术是现代农业的一个重要标志,在一些发达国家已经作为一种标准作业方式进行运用。低压滴灌施肥技术作为一种能量优化的水肥一体化灌溉施肥技术,不仅具备常压滴灌施肥技术的优点,还可以降低灌溉施肥系统的成本,是未来滴灌发展的重要发展方向。为此,在基于CFD数值模拟方法得出满足低压灌溉系统的文丘里施肥器结构参数的基础上,以优化后的结构参数试制出一款文丘里施肥器样品,并在进口压力为0~0.1MPa的范围内进行试验。结果表明:进口流量比、吸肥流量和肥液浓度都是随着进口压力的增加而增大,且当进口压力为0.05MPa时,进口流量比达到最大,为11.17%;当进口压力为0.07MPa时,吸肥流量达到最大,为0.245m~3/h;当进口压力为0.0 5 MPa时,肥液浓度达到最大,为1 0.0 4%。该肥液浓度条件能满足实际灌溉要求,在获得同等或更高的吸肥性能时具有更低的工作进口压力,更适用于低压滴灌系统,为低压灌溉的研究提供了参考。
The integration of irrigation and fertilization technology is an important symbol of modern agriculture. It has become a standard method of operation in developed countries. Low pressure drip irrigation is a kind of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation technology with optimized energy utilization. Not only has all the advantages of ordinary pressure drip irrigation technology,but also can reduce the construction cost and operating cost of irrigation system. It is an important direction of the development of drip irrigation technology in the future. Based on CFD numerical method,the structure parameters of Venturi injector were optimized. And the Venturi injector sample was produced by these structure parameters. The Venturi injector sample was tested with inlet pressure from 0 to 0. 1 MPa. The data gotten from the experiment were analysed and the results showed that: with the increase of inlet pressure,the rate of fertilizer absorption,the ratio of inlet flow and the fertilizer concentration increased. When the inlet pressure was 0. 05 MPa,the inlet flow ratio reached the maximum,which is 11. 17%. When the inlet pressure was 0. 07 MPa,the maximum fertilizer absorption rate was 0. 245 m~3/h. When the inlet pressure was 0. 05 MPa,the fertilizer concentration reached the maximum,which was 10. 04%. The fertilizer concentration condition could meet the requirement of actual irrigation. The Venturi injector needed much lower water inlet pressure to obtain the higher fertilizer absorption performance and it was more suitable for low pressure irrigation system. It also provided some references for the study of low pressure irrigation.
The integration of irrigation and fertilization technology is an important symbol of modern agriculture. It has become a standard method of operation in developed countries. Low pressure drip irrigation is a kind of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation technology with optimized energy utilization. Not only has all the advantages of ordinary pressure drip irrigation technology,but also can reduce the construction cost and operating cost of irrigation system. It is an important direction of the development of drip irrigation technology in the future. Based on CFD numerical method,the structure parameters of Venturi injector were optimized. And the Venturi injector sample was produced by these structure parameters. The Venturi injector sample was tested with inlet pressure from 0 to 0. 1 MPa. The data gotten from the experiment were analysed and the results showed that: with the increase of inlet pressure,the rate of fertilizer absorption,the ratio of inlet flow and the fertilizer concentration increased. When the inlet pressure was 0. 05 MPa,the inlet flow ratio reached the maximum,which is 11. 17%. When the inlet pressure was 0. 07 MPa,the maximum fertilizer absorption rate was 0. 245 m~3/h. When the inlet pressure was 0. 05 MPa,the fertilizer concentration reached the maximum,which was 10. 04%. The fertilizer concentration condition could meet the requirement of actual irrigation. The Venturi injector needed much lower water inlet pressure to obtain the higher fertilizer absorption performance and it was more suitable for low pressure irrigation system. It also provided some references for the study of low pressure irrigation.
引文
[1]牛文全,吴普特,范兴科.低压滴灌系统研究[J].节水灌溉,2005(2):29-30,32.
[2]李百军,毛罕平,李凯.并联文丘里管吸肥装置的研究及其参数选择[J].排灌机械,2001,19(1):42-45.
[3]朱志坚,卢秉恒,赵万华,等.机械注入式施肥装置研制与应用[J].节水灌溉,2005(2):21-22.
[4]孟一斌,李久生,李蓓.微灌系统压差式施肥罐施肥性能试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):41-45.
[5]韩启彪,冯绍元,黄修桥,等.我国节水灌溉施肥装置研究现状[J].节水灌溉,2014(12):76-79,83.
[6]金永奎,夏春华,方部玲.文丘里施肥器系列的研制[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(5):14-16,20.
[7]Villalobos Roberto,Montoya Emmy,Nomogramas paraensambley Uso,et al.Inyectora Unidrenchde dispositivo Venturi operation setting nomograms for UnidrenchVenturi injector[J].Agronomía Colombiana,2010,28(2):303-318.
[8]王淼,黄兴法,李光永.文丘里施肥器性能数值模拟研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):27-31.
[9]孙艳琦,牛文全.文丘里管结构参数对其水力性能的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2010,38(2):211-218.
[10]严海军,初晓一.喉管直径对文丘里施肥器性能影响的数值模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2011,29(4):359-363.
[11]韩启彪,黄兴法,刘洪禄,等.6种文丘里施肥器吸肥性能比较分析[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):113-117,136.
[12]严海军,初晓一,王敏,等.微灌系统文丘里施肥器吸肥性能试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2010,28(3):251-255,264.
[13]冯瑞珏,洪添胜,李加念,等.文丘里施肥器控制性能试验分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(6):11-14,56.
[14]孔令阳,范兴科.文丘里施肥器喉部负压的影响因素分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):78-82,89.
[15]严海军,陈燕,初晓一,等.文丘里施肥器结构参数优化对吸肥性能的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(2):162-166.
[16]Li Jiusheng,Meng Yibin,Li Bei.Field evaluation of fertigation uniformity as affected by injector type and manufacturing variability of emitters[J].Irrigation Science,2007,25(2):117-125.
[17]Bracy R P,Parish R L,Rosendale R M.Fertigation uniformity affected by injector type[J].Horttechnology,2003,13(1):103-105.
[18]张建阔,李加念,吴昊,等.基于双吸肥口的低压文丘里施肥器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(14):115-121.
[19]Yan Haijun,Chen Yan,Chu Xiaoyi,et al.Effect of structural optimization on performance of Venturi injector[C]//26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems.Bristol:IOP Publishing Ltd.,2012.
[20]李加念.橘园水肥一体化滴灌的自动控制系统[D].广州:华南农业大学,2012.
[2]李百军,毛罕平,李凯.并联文丘里管吸肥装置的研究及其参数选择[J].排灌机械,2001,19(1):42-45.
[3]朱志坚,卢秉恒,赵万华,等.机械注入式施肥装置研制与应用[J].节水灌溉,2005(2):21-22.
[4]孟一斌,李久生,李蓓.微灌系统压差式施肥罐施肥性能试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):41-45.
[5]韩启彪,冯绍元,黄修桥,等.我国节水灌溉施肥装置研究现状[J].节水灌溉,2014(12):76-79,83.
[6]金永奎,夏春华,方部玲.文丘里施肥器系列的研制[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(5):14-16,20.
[7]Villalobos Roberto,Montoya Emmy,Nomogramas paraensambley Uso,et al.Inyectora Unidrenchde dispositivo Venturi operation setting nomograms for UnidrenchVenturi injector[J].Agronomía Colombiana,2010,28(2):303-318.
[8]王淼,黄兴法,李光永.文丘里施肥器性能数值模拟研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):27-31.
[9]孙艳琦,牛文全.文丘里管结构参数对其水力性能的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2010,38(2):211-218.
[10]严海军,初晓一.喉管直径对文丘里施肥器性能影响的数值模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2011,29(4):359-363.
[11]韩启彪,黄兴法,刘洪禄,等.6种文丘里施肥器吸肥性能比较分析[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):113-117,136.
[12]严海军,初晓一,王敏,等.微灌系统文丘里施肥器吸肥性能试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2010,28(3):251-255,264.
[13]冯瑞珏,洪添胜,李加念,等.文丘里施肥器控制性能试验分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(6):11-14,56.
[14]孔令阳,范兴科.文丘里施肥器喉部负压的影响因素分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):78-82,89.
[15]严海军,陈燕,初晓一,等.文丘里施肥器结构参数优化对吸肥性能的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(2):162-166.
[16]Li Jiusheng,Meng Yibin,Li Bei.Field evaluation of fertigation uniformity as affected by injector type and manufacturing variability of emitters[J].Irrigation Science,2007,25(2):117-125.
[17]Bracy R P,Parish R L,Rosendale R M.Fertigation uniformity affected by injector type[J].Horttechnology,2003,13(1):103-105.
[18]张建阔,李加念,吴昊,等.基于双吸肥口的低压文丘里施肥器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(14):115-121.
[19]Yan Haijun,Chen Yan,Chu Xiaoyi,et al.Effect of structural optimization on performance of Venturi injector[C]//26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems.Bristol:IOP Publishing Ltd.,2012.
[20]李加念.橘园水肥一体化滴灌的自动控制系统[D].广州:华南农业大学,2012.