癌症隐喻的道德化与伦理困境
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摘要
从隐喻的角度出发,对癌症在社会文化中的隐喻现象进行阐释与分析。现代社会中癌症通过政治隐喻和文化隐喻影响医患的观念和行为,使公众对癌症产生道德判断,如舆论对癌症患者命运的怜悯和生活习惯的谴责,病人自己对身体内秩序崩塌的不安和社会身份丧失的恐惧。癌症隐喻的道德化在癌症防治过程中造成困难,包括在道德化隐喻作用下的公平分配、患者隐私、个人决策的难题。只有找到彻底攻克肿瘤的治疗方法时,癌症隐喻才会消失。因此,癌症的隐喻始终在社会文化的领域中影响人们的决策,并在现实治疗中引发困境。
From the perspective of metaphor, this article illustrates the metaphorical phenomena of cancer in social culture. In modern society, cancer affects the understandings and behaviors of patients and doctors through political metaphors and cultural metaphors, so that the public can make moral judgments about cancer, such as public opinion's compassion for the fate of cancer patients and condemnation of their living habits, patient's own fear of the collapse of internal order and loss of social identity. Moralization of cancer metaphors causes dilemmas in the process of cancer prevention and treatment, including the problems of fair distribution, patient privacy and personal decision-making. Cancer metaphors will disappear only when a cure for cancer is found. Therefore, the metaphor of cancer has always been influencing people's decision-making in the field of social culture and causing difficulties in practical treatment.
From the perspective of metaphor, this article illustrates the metaphorical phenomena of cancer in social culture. In modern society, cancer affects the understandings and behaviors of patients and doctors through political metaphors and cultural metaphors, so that the public can make moral judgments about cancer, such as public opinion's compassion for the fate of cancer patients and condemnation of their living habits, patient's own fear of the collapse of internal order and loss of social identity. Moralization of cancer metaphors causes dilemmas in the process of cancer prevention and treatment, including the problems of fair distribution, patient privacy and personal decision-making. Cancer metaphors will disappear only when a cure for cancer is found. Therefore, the metaphor of cancer has always been influencing people's decision-making in the field of social culture and causing difficulties in practical treatment.
引文
[1] 莱考夫,约翰逊.我们赖以生存的隐喻[M].何文忠,译.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2015.
[2] 卡西尔.人论:人类文化哲学导引[M].甘阳,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1985:97.
[3] 束定芳.隐喻学研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000:91.
[4] 桑塔格.疾病的隐喻[M].程巍,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2003.
[5] 郭莉萍.《癌症病房》与疾病的隐喻[J].医学与哲学:人文社会医学版,2008,29(12):68-69.
[6] 王予霞.疾病现象的文化阐释[J].文艺理论与批评,2003(6):108-115.
[7] TOMASETTI C,VOGELSTEIN B.Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions[J].Science,2015,347(6217):78-81.
[8] 蒋国梁,朱雄增.临床肿瘤学概论[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2013:3.
[9] 亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学[M].廖申白,译注.北京:商务印书馆,2003.
[10] 郭金华.与疾病相关的污名:以中国的精神疾病和艾滋病污名为例[J].学术月刊,2015,47(7):105-115.
[11] 福柯.临床医学的诞生[M].刘北成,译.南京:译林出版社,2001.
[2] 卡西尔.人论:人类文化哲学导引[M].甘阳,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1985:97.
[3] 束定芳.隐喻学研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000:91.
[4] 桑塔格.疾病的隐喻[M].程巍,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2003.
[5] 郭莉萍.《癌症病房》与疾病的隐喻[J].医学与哲学:人文社会医学版,2008,29(12):68-69.
[6] 王予霞.疾病现象的文化阐释[J].文艺理论与批评,2003(6):108-115.
[7] TOMASETTI C,VOGELSTEIN B.Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions[J].Science,2015,347(6217):78-81.
[8] 蒋国梁,朱雄增.临床肿瘤学概论[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2013:3.
[9] 亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学[M].廖申白,译注.北京:商务印书馆,2003.
[10] 郭金华.与疾病相关的污名:以中国的精神疾病和艾滋病污名为例[J].学术月刊,2015,47(7):105-115.
[11] 福柯.临床医学的诞生[M].刘北成,译.南京:译林出版社,2001.