多约束多目标的灾害避难所选址优化研究——以海南省文昌市为例
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摘要
地震灾害避难所优化选址是灾害管理的一个重要内容,也是个难点。以最小化总疏散距离和最小化避难所总面积为目标,同时在满足距离约束和容量约束的条件下,建立地震灾害避难所选址多目标模型,采用改进的粒子群算法对模型进行解算,并以海南省文昌市为例进行实证分析。结果表明:距离约束在多目标模型的空间分配结果中起主导作用,容量约束则会显著影响多目标模型及其算法在高维复杂问题中的空间搜索能力和解的质量。优化结果可为灾害避难所区位的确定及疏散方案的制定提供科学依据,为震后应急疏散提供决策支持。
As an important task in urban planning and emergency management,the location-allocation planning of earthquake emergency shelters is a complicated geographic optimization problem that involves multiple sites,strict constraints,and a discrete feasible domain. A multi-objective model was developed for the allocation of residents to earthquake shelters using Wenchang of Hainan province,China as a case study. The two objectives of the multi-objective model were to minimize the total evacuation distance and to minimize the total area of all shelters with the constraints of shelter capacity and service radius. The modified particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the model. The results showed that the distance constraint played a role of macro regulation and control in a multi-objective model; and the capacity constraint will significantly influence the space search ability and the solution quality of the target model and its algorithm in complex,high-dimensional problems. Schemes for optimizing location and residents' allocation to earthquake emergency shelters are proposed,which will provide support for emergency evacuation after disaster of Wenchang.
As an important task in urban planning and emergency management,the location-allocation planning of earthquake emergency shelters is a complicated geographic optimization problem that involves multiple sites,strict constraints,and a discrete feasible domain. A multi-objective model was developed for the allocation of residents to earthquake shelters using Wenchang of Hainan province,China as a case study. The two objectives of the multi-objective model were to minimize the total evacuation distance and to minimize the total area of all shelters with the constraints of shelter capacity and service radius. The modified particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the model. The results showed that the distance constraint played a role of macro regulation and control in a multi-objective model; and the capacity constraint will significantly influence the space search ability and the solution quality of the target model and its algorithm in complex,high-dimensional problems. Schemes for optimizing location and residents' allocation to earthquake emergency shelters are proposed,which will provide support for emergency evacuation after disaster of Wenchang.
引文
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[2]钱洪伟,尹香菊,金英淑.地震应急避难场所灾时运营中弱势群体救助管理技术体系研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(2):164-170.
[3]钱洪伟.城市应急避难场所灾时运营研究进展与展望[J].灾害学,2017,32(1):160-165.
[4]HU F,XU W,Li X.A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for optimal allocation of earthquake emergency shelters[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2012,26(9):1643-1666.
[5]陈志芬,顾林生,陈晋,等.城市应急避难场所层次布局研究(Ⅰ)-层次性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(3):151-155.
[6]陈志芬,李强,陈晋.城市应急避难场所层次布局研究(Ⅱ)——三级层次选址模型[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(5):13-19.
[7]Sherali H D,Carter T B,Hobeika A G.A location-allocation model and algorithm for evacuation planning under hurricane/flood conditions[J].Transportation Research Part B Methodological,1991,25(6):439-452.
[8]Dalal J,Mohapatra P K,Mitra G C.Locating cyclone shelters:a case[J].Disaster Prevention and Management:An International Journal,2007,16(2):235-244.
[9]Pan A.The applications of maximal covering model in Typhoon Emergency shelter Location Problem[R].IEEE,2010.
[10]YE M,WANG J,HUANG J,et al.Methodology and its application for community-scale evacuation planning against earthquake disaster[J].Natural hazards,2012,61(3):881-892.
[11]HUANG B,LIU N,Chandramouli M.A GIS supported Ant algorithm for the linear feature covering problem with distance constraints[J].Decision Support Systems,2006,42(2):1063-1075.
[12]Al?ada Almeida L,Tralhao L,Santos L,et al.A multiobjective approach to locate emergency shelters and identify evacuation routes in urban areas[J].Geographical analysis,2009,41(1):9-29.
[13]Saadatseresht M,Mansourian A,Taleai M.Evacuation planning using multiobjective evolutionary optimization approach[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2009,198(1):305-314.
[14]Doerner K F,Gutjahr W J,Nolz P C.Multi-criteria location planning for public facilities in tsunami-prone coastal areas[J].Or Spectrum,2009,31(3):651-678.
[15]Barzinpour F,Esmaeili V.A multi-objective relief chain location distribution model for urban disaster management[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2014,70(5-8):1291-1302.
[16]Rodríguez-Espíndola O,Gaytán J.Scenario-based preparedness plan for floods[J].Natural Hazards,2015,76(2):1241-1262.
[17]郭子雪,王兰英,齐美然,等.基于区间数信息的区域应急物资储备库选址多目标决策模型[J].灾害学,2015,30(2):148-151.
[18]HU F,YANG S,XU W.A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for the location and districting planning of earthquake shelters[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014,28(7):1482-1501.
[19]ZHAO X,XU W,MA Y,et al.Scenario-Based Multi-Objective Optimum Allocation Model for Earthquake Emergency Shelters Using a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm:A Case Study in Chaoyang District,Beijing,China[J].PLOS ONE,2015,10(12):e144455.
[20]赵来军,王珂,汪建.城市应急避难场所规划建设理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.