嘉陵江中游小流域不同土地利用对土壤理化特征的影响研究
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摘要
土壤理化性状的调查研究有助于提高土壤资源的利用及优化农业生产管理。以嘉陵江支流西河为研究区域,分析了不同土地利用类型下土壤粒度、磁化率、碳酸盐、有机质和铵态氮、有效钾、速效磷等理化特征及影响因素。结果表明:研究区土壤颗粒组成以粉砂为主,属粉质壤土,但受耕作方式、地形及成壤作用等因素的影响,土壤颗粒表现为水田最细、滩涂地最粗、旱地和有林地增粗的特征。土壤磁化率特征总体上继承母岩,不同土地利用方式下表现为果园和旱地磁化率值较高,而水田和滩涂地较低,土壤磁化率未出现异常高值,表明研究区土壤未受严重污染。土壤呈碱性特征,p H值主要受碳酸盐环境背景含量影响,但在气候和耕作活动的双重影响下,不同土地利用方式下碳酸盐含量差异不明显。土壤有机质和养分含量受人类活动影响显著,有机质含量表现为水田>有林地和果园>撂荒地、滩涂及旱地,受施肥方式的影响,水田土壤铵态氮含量较高;研究区磷钾元素普遍偏高,土壤有效钾含量表现为果园和旱地最高而滩涂地最低,而速效磷含量各类型土壤差异不明显。研究区须加强水土流失防护工作,强调有机肥的使用,重视撂荒地的利用,因地制宜栽种耐碱性植物,提高土壤资源的利用效率。
The investigation on physicochemical characteristics of soils contributes to the improvement of soil resources utilization and the optimization of agricultural production management. Taken the Xihe River as the research area,one of the tributaries of the Jialing River,the physical and chemical properties of soil from different types of land-use are analyzed,including soil particle size,magnetic susceptibility,carbonate,organic matter and ammonium nitrogen,effective potassium,available phosphorus and its effect factors. The results show that the soils are mainly composed of silt and belong to silt loam. But,the soil particles present the finest in the paddy field,the coarsest in the wetland and an increasing size in the dry-land and woodland,being affected by farming activities,relief and pedogenesis. In general,the magnetic susceptibility of soil inherits from the parent rock and varies in different land-use type,demonstrated by higher values in the orchard and dry land,and lower values in the paddy field and wetland.Absent abnormal value of the magnetic susceptibility in the samples shows that no serious soils pollution has occurred in this region. Soil alkalinity property is significantly affected by carbonate originated from parent rock. However,there is insignificant difference in carbonate content between different land-use patterns because of the wet-climate and farming activities. Soil organic matter and nutrient contents are significantly influenced by human activities. The content of organic matter manifests as paddy field > orchard and forest land > fallow land,wetland and dry land. Under the influence of fertilization mode,the values of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soil is significantly higher than that of soils of other land use types. The available potassium and phosphorus contents in soils from the study area are characterized by high values,and the former is higher in orchard and dry land soils but lower in wetland.There is no significant difference in available phosphorus contents of soils between different land types. To improve the utilization efficiency of soil resources,it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of soil erosion,usage of organic fertilizer,utilization of fallow land and planting of alkali resistant plants in the study area.
The investigation on physicochemical characteristics of soils contributes to the improvement of soil resources utilization and the optimization of agricultural production management. Taken the Xihe River as the research area,one of the tributaries of the Jialing River,the physical and chemical properties of soil from different types of land-use are analyzed,including soil particle size,magnetic susceptibility,carbonate,organic matter and ammonium nitrogen,effective potassium,available phosphorus and its effect factors. The results show that the soils are mainly composed of silt and belong to silt loam. But,the soil particles present the finest in the paddy field,the coarsest in the wetland and an increasing size in the dry-land and woodland,being affected by farming activities,relief and pedogenesis. In general,the magnetic susceptibility of soil inherits from the parent rock and varies in different land-use type,demonstrated by higher values in the orchard and dry land,and lower values in the paddy field and wetland.Absent abnormal value of the magnetic susceptibility in the samples shows that no serious soils pollution has occurred in this region. Soil alkalinity property is significantly affected by carbonate originated from parent rock. However,there is insignificant difference in carbonate content between different land-use patterns because of the wet-climate and farming activities. Soil organic matter and nutrient contents are significantly influenced by human activities. The content of organic matter manifests as paddy field > orchard and forest land > fallow land,wetland and dry land. Under the influence of fertilization mode,the values of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soil is significantly higher than that of soils of other land use types. The available potassium and phosphorus contents in soils from the study area are characterized by high values,and the former is higher in orchard and dry land soils but lower in wetland.There is no significant difference in available phosphorus contents of soils between different land types. To improve the utilization efficiency of soil resources,it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of soil erosion,usage of organic fertilizer,utilization of fallow land and planting of alkali resistant plants in the study area.
引文
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[4]黄晓强,赵云杰,信忠保,等.北京山区典型土地利用方式对土壤理化性质及可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):5-10.
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[7]高金芳,周波,马涛,等.半干旱区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):89-93.
[8]张海廷,时延庆.山东省不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒组成及其分形维数特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):126-131.
[9]周萍,文安邦,严冬春,等.紫色土坡耕地不同坡位不同高度地埂土壤颗粒组成及分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):84-88.
[10]何毓蓉.中国紫色土(下篇)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[11]黄诗峰,钟邵南,徐美.基于GIS的流域土壤侵蚀量估算指标模型方法——以嘉陵江上游西汉水流域为例[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(2):105-107.
[12]范建容,钟祥浩,刘淑珍.嘉陵江中下游典型流域土壤侵蚀与泥沙输移遥感监测[J].中国科学E辑,2003,33(A1):157-163.
[13]李小涛,黄诗峰,李琳,等.嘉陵江流域土壤侵蚀变化遥感分析[J].泥沙研究,2006(6):65-69.
[14]李进峰.嘉陵江上游不同土地利用方式土壤侵蚀模型应用研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2007.
[15]王海英,宫渊波,陈林武.嘉陵江上游不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(3):172-177.
[16]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):45-51.
[17]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[18]张淑娟,王道杰,梅永丽,等.泥石流多发区小流域土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):257-262.
[19]文星跃.古土壤用于古环境重建的理论与方法[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(4):370-375.
[20]刘秀铭,夏敦胜,刘东生,等.中国黄土和阿拉斯加黄土磁化率气候记录的两种模式探讨[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):210-220.
[21]周晓红,赵景波.近120年高陵渭河河漫滩沉积物磁化率指示的气候变化[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):196-200.
[22]SINGER M J,FINE P.Pedogenic factors affecting magnetic susceptibility of northern California soils[J].Soil Science Society of America,1989,53(4):1119-1127.
[23]陈秀玲,李志忠,姜修洋,等.福州盆地不同土地利用方式下土壤磁化率特征[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(3):88-93.
[24]卞勇,欧阳婷萍,万洪富,等.广东韶关市农业土壤磁学性质的空间分布及其影响因素[J].热带地理,2014,34(3):327-336.
[25]庞奖励,张卫青,黄春长,等.渭北高原土地利用变化对土壤剖面发育的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,65(7):789-800.
[26]吕厚远,刘东生.C3,C4植物及燃烧对土壤磁化率的影响[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(1):43-53.
[27]张彩云,庞奖励,常美蓉,等.农业耕作土壤与人工经济林地土壤磁化率和质地特征对比[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2009,25(1):91-94.
[28]黄成敏,龚子同.热带土壤发育过程中土壤磁化率特征研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(4):63-68.
[29]吕敏,余明,陈秀玲,等.漳州市城市绿地表土磁性特征及其环境意义[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(9):993-997.
[30]黄昌勇,徐建明.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015.
[31]杨黎芳,李贵桐,林启美,等.栗钙土不同土地利用方式下土壤活性碳酸钙[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):428-432.
[32]孔红梅,刘峰,田野,等.泸沽湖流域土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(9):2515-2518.
[33]刘占仁,王立志.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):72-77.
[34]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(6):851-860.
[35]李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):311-313.
[36]赵瑞芬,张一弓,张强,等.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响:以太原市为例[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(14):262-266.
[37]李仲明,张先婉,唐时嘉,等.中国紫色土(上篇)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[38]李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):311-313.
[2]TAKOUTSING B,WEBER J,TCHOUNDIEU Z,et al.Soil chemical properties dynamics as affected by land use change in the humid forest zone of Cameroon[J].Agroforestry Systems,2016,90(6):1089-1102.
[3]HEUVELINK G B M,WEBSTER R.Modelling soil variation:Past,present,and future[J].Geoderma,2001,100(3/4):269-301.
[4]黄晓强,赵云杰,信忠保,等.北京山区典型土地利用方式对土壤理化性质及可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):5-10.
[5]唐建,赵庚星.局地土地利用方式及坡度对土壤有机质含量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(4):462-465.
[6]张源润,董立国,蔡进军,等.半干旱退化山区不同土地利用方式土壤理化性质的特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(5):65-68.
[7]高金芳,周波,马涛,等.半干旱区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):89-93.
[8]张海廷,时延庆.山东省不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒组成及其分形维数特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):126-131.
[9]周萍,文安邦,严冬春,等.紫色土坡耕地不同坡位不同高度地埂土壤颗粒组成及分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):84-88.
[10]何毓蓉.中国紫色土(下篇)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[11]黄诗峰,钟邵南,徐美.基于GIS的流域土壤侵蚀量估算指标模型方法——以嘉陵江上游西汉水流域为例[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(2):105-107.
[12]范建容,钟祥浩,刘淑珍.嘉陵江中下游典型流域土壤侵蚀与泥沙输移遥感监测[J].中国科学E辑,2003,33(A1):157-163.
[13]李小涛,黄诗峰,李琳,等.嘉陵江流域土壤侵蚀变化遥感分析[J].泥沙研究,2006(6):65-69.
[14]李进峰.嘉陵江上游不同土地利用方式土壤侵蚀模型应用研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2007.
[15]王海英,宫渊波,陈林武.嘉陵江上游不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(3):172-177.
[16]杨秉珣,刘泉,王彬.嘉陵江流域不同类型植被多样性与土壤养分和酶活性的关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):45-51.
[17]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[18]张淑娟,王道杰,梅永丽,等.泥石流多发区小流域土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):257-262.
[19]文星跃.古土壤用于古环境重建的理论与方法[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(4):370-375.
[20]刘秀铭,夏敦胜,刘东生,等.中国黄土和阿拉斯加黄土磁化率气候记录的两种模式探讨[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):210-220.
[21]周晓红,赵景波.近120年高陵渭河河漫滩沉积物磁化率指示的气候变化[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):196-200.
[22]SINGER M J,FINE P.Pedogenic factors affecting magnetic susceptibility of northern California soils[J].Soil Science Society of America,1989,53(4):1119-1127.
[23]陈秀玲,李志忠,姜修洋,等.福州盆地不同土地利用方式下土壤磁化率特征[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(3):88-93.
[24]卞勇,欧阳婷萍,万洪富,等.广东韶关市农业土壤磁学性质的空间分布及其影响因素[J].热带地理,2014,34(3):327-336.
[25]庞奖励,张卫青,黄春长,等.渭北高原土地利用变化对土壤剖面发育的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,65(7):789-800.
[26]吕厚远,刘东生.C3,C4植物及燃烧对土壤磁化率的影响[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(1):43-53.
[27]张彩云,庞奖励,常美蓉,等.农业耕作土壤与人工经济林地土壤磁化率和质地特征对比[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2009,25(1):91-94.
[28]黄成敏,龚子同.热带土壤发育过程中土壤磁化率特征研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(4):63-68.
[29]吕敏,余明,陈秀玲,等.漳州市城市绿地表土磁性特征及其环境意义[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(9):993-997.
[30]黄昌勇,徐建明.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015.
[31]杨黎芳,李贵桐,林启美,等.栗钙土不同土地利用方式下土壤活性碳酸钙[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(2):428-432.
[32]孔红梅,刘峰,田野,等.泸沽湖流域土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(9):2515-2518.
[33]刘占仁,王立志.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及肥力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):72-77.
[34]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(6):851-860.
[35]李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):311-313.
[36]赵瑞芬,张一弓,张强,等.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响:以太原市为例[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(14):262-266.
[37]李仲明,张先婉,唐时嘉,等.中国紫色土(上篇)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[38]李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):311-313.