塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组白云石化作用成因机理
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摘要
上奥陶统良里塔格组是塔里木盆地中部地区(塔中)重要的油气储集层,其主体岩性为石灰岩,存在白云石化现象,过去对这一现象成因机理的研究较少。为此,综合岩心和镜下薄片观察、主量和微量元素、碳氧同位素定量分析等多种分析测试结果,研究了良里塔格组白云石的岩石学特征和地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)该区白云石具有高Fe、Mn,低Sr、Na,δ~(13)C低正值,δ~(18)O高负值的特征,指示其为埋藏成因模式,与热液作用无关;(2)Ce轻微负异常,Eu中度亏损指示该区白云的形成环境为弱氧化—弱还原;(3)白云石化过程持续时间较长,存在多期白云石;(4)白云石化流体来自于浅埋藏期富Fe、Mn的高盐度地层卤水,以缝合线和溶孔作为运移体系,形成了良里塔格组白云石沿缝合线和溶孔发育的特征。结论认为:由于白云石化过程持续时间长,若白云石交代后周围仍有孔隙空间,则晚期胶结的白云石将围绕早期白云石继续生长直至完全充填孔隙空间,因而白云石化作用对良里塔格组储层主要起到了破坏性作用。
As an important oil and gas reservoir in the Ordovician in the central part of the Tarim Basin(Central Tarim Basin), the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Fm is primarily composed of limestone, which tends to be dolomitized. This phenomenon was rarely studied in terms of its genetic mechanism. In this paper, the petrologic and geochemical features of the Lianglitage Fm dolomite were discussed based on the analysis of cores, microscopical observation, and quantitative analysis of major trace elements and carbon/oxygen isotopes. Some results were obtained. First, the dolomite in the study area is characterized by high Fe and Mn content, low Sr and Na content, low positive δ~(13)C, and high negative δ~(18)O, indicating that it was formed by burial genesis, irrelevant to hydrothermal action. Second, slight negative anomaly of cerium(Ce) and moderate depletion in europium(Eu) indicate that dolomites were formed in an environment of weak oxidation – weak reduction. Third, dolomitization lasted for a long time, leading to multi-stage dolomites. Fourth, dolomitization fluids are derived from high salinity formation brine, which is rich in Fe and Mn, during the shallow burial stage, with sutures and dissolved pores as migration pathways, which leads to the distribution of dolomites in Lianglitage Fm along sutures and dissolved pores. In conclusion, due to long duration of dolomitization, if pore spaces still exist after dolomite replacement, the dolomites cemented late would continue to grow around the dolomites formed earlier until the pore places were filled completely. Therefore, dolomitization is believed to play a destructive role in the formation of the Lianglitage Fm reservoir.
As an important oil and gas reservoir in the Ordovician in the central part of the Tarim Basin(Central Tarim Basin), the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Fm is primarily composed of limestone, which tends to be dolomitized. This phenomenon was rarely studied in terms of its genetic mechanism. In this paper, the petrologic and geochemical features of the Lianglitage Fm dolomite were discussed based on the analysis of cores, microscopical observation, and quantitative analysis of major trace elements and carbon/oxygen isotopes. Some results were obtained. First, the dolomite in the study area is characterized by high Fe and Mn content, low Sr and Na content, low positive δ~(13)C, and high negative δ~(18)O, indicating that it was formed by burial genesis, irrelevant to hydrothermal action. Second, slight negative anomaly of cerium(Ce) and moderate depletion in europium(Eu) indicate that dolomites were formed in an environment of weak oxidation – weak reduction. Third, dolomitization lasted for a long time, leading to multi-stage dolomites. Fourth, dolomitization fluids are derived from high salinity formation brine, which is rich in Fe and Mn, during the shallow burial stage, with sutures and dissolved pores as migration pathways, which leads to the distribution of dolomites in Lianglitage Fm along sutures and dissolved pores. In conclusion, due to long duration of dolomitization, if pore spaces still exist after dolomite replacement, the dolomites cemented late would continue to grow around the dolomites formed earlier until the pore places were filled completely. Therefore, dolomitization is believed to play a destructive role in the formation of the Lianglitage Fm reservoir.
引文
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