古代官府馆藏访求探析
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摘要
官府图书馆是古代四大图书馆类型之一,其发展源头可以追溯到夏商周的"学统王宫"乃至先夏的"史官活动",其馆藏访求可以谓之为社会发展的必然产物、文治教化的必要措施与文明传承的重要保障。在长期的馆藏访求实践中,古代逐步形成了以接收前朝庋书、吸纳士庶献书、求购民间遗书、誊抄官私藏书为主的访求方式与以专官管理、奖励促进、审核监控、目录指引、理论指导为主的访求机制,从而确保官府馆藏在历经重重书厄后仍能在古代图书馆事业中发挥中流砥柱的作用。
The official library is one of the four types of ancient libraries, whose history can be traced to the "academy controlled in royal" in the Xia-Shang-Zhou dynasties and even to the "historiographer activities" in the pro-Xia period. The collection acquisition of official library is the inevitable outcome of social development, the necessary measure of educational enlightenment and also the important guarantee of civilization inheritance. In the long-term practice of collection acquisition, many approaches appeared, such as inheriting the collection of previous dynasty, receiving the offered books of people, purchasing private collection, transcribing official books or private books, etc. At the same time, some guarantee measures were formed, such managing by specialized officials, formulating incentive schemes, taking supervisory inspection, compiling guide catalog and summarizing directive theory. And because of these, the ancient official collection could still play the significant role in ancient librarianship after so many calamities to official libraries.
The official library is one of the four types of ancient libraries, whose history can be traced to the "academy controlled in royal" in the Xia-Shang-Zhou dynasties and even to the "historiographer activities" in the pro-Xia period. The collection acquisition of official library is the inevitable outcome of social development, the necessary measure of educational enlightenment and also the important guarantee of civilization inheritance. In the long-term practice of collection acquisition, many approaches appeared, such as inheriting the collection of previous dynasty, receiving the offered books of people, purchasing private collection, transcribing official books or private books, etc. At the same time, some guarantee measures were formed, such managing by specialized officials, formulating incentive schemes, taking supervisory inspection, compiling guide catalog and summarizing directive theory. And because of these, the ancient official collection could still play the significant role in ancient librarianship after so many calamities to official libraries.
引文
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22 .班固.汉书[M].颜师古,注.北京:中华书局,2000:1351.
23 .魏收.魏书[M].北京:中华书局,2000:507.
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27 .张彦远.历代名画记全译[M].承载,译注.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2009:105.
28 .中国历史第一档案馆.纂修四库全书档案[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1997:39.
29 .黄宗忠.文献采访学[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,2001:3.
30 .郑樵.通志略[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1990:724.
2 .龚蛟腾.中国图书馆学的起源与转型——从校雠学说到近现代图书馆学的演变[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2013:17.
3 .吴慰慈,刘兹恒.图书馆藏书[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2013:10.
4 .周洪才.历代官府“求书”概述[J].四川图书馆学报,1989(1):69-72.
5 .李焘.续资治通鉴长编[M].北京:中华书局,1979:571.
6 .蒋永福.图书馆学基础简明教程[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2012:76.
7 .王世伟.应重视图书馆的文献采访[J].图书馆杂志,1998(2):4-6.
8 .姚明达.中国目录学史[M].严佐之,导读.上海:上海古籍出版社,2002:159.
9 .瞿嘉福.藏书厄运录[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),1990(1):97-106.
10 .吕不韦门客.吕氏春秋全译[M].关贤柱,廖进碧,钟雪丽,译注.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2008:418-419.
11 .春秋公羊传注疏[M].公羊寿,传.何休,解诂.徐彦,疏.浦卫忠,整理.杨向奎,审定.北京:北京大学出版社,1999:1.
12 .李更旺.秦代藏书考略[J].图书馆学研究,1983(1):119-124,99.
13 .司马迁.史记[M].颜师古,注.司马贞,索引.张守节,正义.北京:中华书局,2000.
14 .张廷玉.明史[M].北京:中华书局,2000:1567.
15 .魏徵.隋书[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
16 .刘昫.旧唐书[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
17 .萧一山.清代通史·卷二[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2005.
18 .徐松.宋会要辑稿[M].刘琳,点校.上海:上海古籍出版社,2014.
19 .来新夏.中国古代图书事业史[M].北京:国家图书馆出版社,2003:109.
20 .张莹.魏晋南北朝时期梁朝图书文化事业[J].津图学刊,1999(2):80-86.
21 .来新夏.清代前期的图书事业[J].社会科学战线,1986(3):333-340,215.
22 .班固.汉书[M].颜师古,注.北京:中华书局,2000:1351.
23 .魏收.魏书[M].北京:中华书局,2000:507.
24 .龙文彬.明会要[M].北京:中华书局,1956.
25 .赵尔巽.清史稿[M].北京:中华书局,1976:6264.
26 .佚名.天水冰山录//中国历史研究社.明武宗外纪[M].上海:神州国光社,1951.
27 .张彦远.历代名画记全译[M].承载,译注.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2009:105.
28 .中国历史第一档案馆.纂修四库全书档案[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1997:39.
29 .黄宗忠.文献采访学[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,2001:3.
30 .郑樵.通志略[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1990:724.