三种植物应用于野花组合中的竞争与共存
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摘要
混播构建野花组合景观时,其不同植物种间竞争与共存问题是植物景观形态与质量可持续性营造的理论依据。现以赛菊芋(Heliopsis helianthoides)、宿根亚麻(Linum perenne)、蓝蓟(Echium vulgare)3种植物为例,采用露地直播的方法,设置3种植物单独播种和混合播种2种播种模式(3种材料单独播种CKY、CKM、CKJ,T1处理宿根亚麻和赛菊芋1∶1混播,T2处理宿根亚麻和蓝蓟1∶1混播,T3处理赛菊芋和蓝蓟1∶1混播,T4处理宿根亚麻、赛菊芋和蓝蓟1∶1∶1混播),对不同播种模式下3种植物的株高生长量、相对生物量(RY)、相对密度(RD)、竞争率(CR)和相对产量总值(RYT)进行分析,研究了3种供试植物在等比例混播中的竞争关系与共存问题,及构建野花组合植物景观过程中的竞争关系与共存机制。结果表明:3种植物混播中竞争力表现为蓝蓟>赛菊芋>宿根亚麻。其中与宿根亚麻的混播促进了赛菊芋的生长,与其它植物的混播均对宿根亚麻的生长产生了抑制作用而对蓝蓟无显著的影响。在等比例混播的条件下,T1、T2、T3、T4处理均不具备混播花卉植物群落的稳定性,将3种植物应用于混播植物景观时应适当降低蓝蓟的混播比例,而提高宿根亚麻的混播比例,从而保证第2年景观的可持续性并提高植物群落稳定性。
The competition and coexistence of different plant species was the theoretical basis for the sustainable construction of flower landscape morphology and quality.In this study,Heliopsis helianthoides,Linum perenne and Echium vulgare were used to construct the flower landscape,two sowing modes were set for outdoor broadcast(single sowing of Heliopsis helianthoides,single sowing of Linum perenne,single sowing of Echium vulgare,Linum perenne and Heliopsis helianthoides in mixture 1∶1,Heliopsis helianthoides and Echium vulgare in mixture 1∶1,Linum perenne,Heliopsis helianthoides and Echium vulgare in mixture 1∶1∶1).High growth rate,relative biomass(RY),relative density(RD),competitive rate(CR)and total relative yield(RYT)of the three plants under different sowing modes were analyzed.In this way,that competition and coexistence mechanism of the three plants were investigated in equal proportion.The results showed that the competitiveness of the three plants was as follows:Echium vulgare> Heliopsis helianthoides>Linum perenne.Among them,the mixed seeding with Linum perenne promoted the growth of Heliopsis helianthoides,and the mixed seeding with other plants had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Linum perenne,but had no significant effect on the growth of Echium vulgare.Under the condition of such as proportion of mixed seeding,T1,T2,T3,T4 treatment did not have the stability of mixed flowers plant community,was applied to three plants mixed seeding plant landscape should be appropriate to reduce the mixed proportion of Echium vulgare,and improved the perennial root flax mixed seeding rate,so as to ensure the sustainability of the second year in a landscape and enhances the stability of plant community.
The competition and coexistence of different plant species was the theoretical basis for the sustainable construction of flower landscape morphology and quality.In this study,Heliopsis helianthoides,Linum perenne and Echium vulgare were used to construct the flower landscape,two sowing modes were set for outdoor broadcast(single sowing of Heliopsis helianthoides,single sowing of Linum perenne,single sowing of Echium vulgare,Linum perenne and Heliopsis helianthoides in mixture 1∶1,Heliopsis helianthoides and Echium vulgare in mixture 1∶1,Linum perenne,Heliopsis helianthoides and Echium vulgare in mixture 1∶1∶1).High growth rate,relative biomass(RY),relative density(RD),competitive rate(CR)and total relative yield(RYT)of the three plants under different sowing modes were analyzed.In this way,that competition and coexistence mechanism of the three plants were investigated in equal proportion.The results showed that the competitiveness of the three plants was as follows:Echium vulgare> Heliopsis helianthoides>Linum perenne.Among them,the mixed seeding with Linum perenne promoted the growth of Heliopsis helianthoides,and the mixed seeding with other plants had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Linum perenne,but had no significant effect on the growth of Echium vulgare.Under the condition of such as proportion of mixed seeding,T1,T2,T3,T4 treatment did not have the stability of mixed flowers plant community,was applied to three plants mixed seeding plant landscape should be appropriate to reduce the mixed proportion of Echium vulgare,and improved the perennial root flax mixed seeding rate,so as to ensure the sustainability of the second year in a landscape and enhances the stability of plant community.
引文
[1]王元素,蒋文兰,洪绂曾,等.白三叶与不同禾草混播群落17年稳定性比较研究[J].草业学报,2006,6(3):55-62.
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[11]党薇.宁南黄土丘陵区紫花苜蓿与羊草混播初期效应研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[12]谢开云,张英俊,李向林,等.无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿在(1∶1)混播中的竞争与共存[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3767-3778.
[13]郑伟,朱进忠,库尔班,等.不同混播方式下豆禾混播草地种间竞争动态研究[J].草地学报,2010(18):568-575.
[14]NORMA F L.Competition and coexistence in a north carolina grassland:III.Mixtures of component species[J].Journal of Ecology,1982,70(1):77-92.
[15]GRACE J B.On the measurement of plant competition intensity[J].Ecology,1995,76(1):305-308.
[16] WESTOBY M.A leaf-height-seed(LHS)plant ecology strategy scheme[J].Plant and Soil,1998,199:213-227.
[17]ELMHIRST J F.Review of roadside wildflower programs and assessment of feasibility in ontario[M].Downsville(ON):Ontario ministry of transportation research and development Branch,1990.
[18]靳文东,文军明,付文峰.野花组合的景观应用[J].中国花卉园艺,2013(2):56-57.
[19]董世魁.高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地群落稳定性及其调控机制研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2001.
[20]MACARTHUR R H.Geographical ecology:Patterns in the distribution of species[D].Princeton:Princeton University,1972.
[21]DEWIT C T,VANDENBERGH J P.Competition between herbage plants[J].Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,1965(13):212-221.
[22]杨春华,李向林,张新全,等.扁穗牛鞭草+红三叶混播草地生物量及种间竞争的动态研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2006,24(1):32-33.
[23]张永亮,王建丽,胡自治.杂花苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播群落种间竞争及稳定性[J].草地学报,2007,15(1):43-49.
[24]张宏宇,杨恒山,李春辉,等.不同混播方式下苜蓿+无芒雀麦人工草地生产力动态研究[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(1):55-58.
[25]顾梦鹤,杜小光,文淑均,等.施肥和刈割对垂穗披碱草(Ely-mus nutans),中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)和羊茅(Festuca ovi-na)种间竞争力的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2472-2479.
[26]王平,周道玮,张宝田.禾-豆混播草地种间竞争与共存[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2560-2567.
[2]房味味,任鸿雁,凌隽,等.北方草甸群落结构和组成分析及野花组合模拟构建[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(2):97-103.
[3] HITCHMOUGH J,DELAFLEUR M,FINDLAY C.Establishing North American prairie vegetationin urban parksin northern England:Part 1.Effect of sowingseason,sowing rate and soil type[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,66:75-90.
[4]堀口悦代.ワイルドフラワ-による緑化--交通公園を実例として[J].日本緑化工学会誌,1991,16(3):67-70.
[5]房味味,袁涛.野花组合概念剖析[J].中国城市林业,2015,13(3):24-28.
[6]李旻,刘燕.野花草地的发展历程及应用前景概述[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(3):48-51.
[7]李冰华,高亦珂.草花混播发展历程研究[J].北方园艺,2010(19):220-222.
[8]房味味.基于北京周边典型草甸群落调查的野花组合构建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[9]高亦坷,吴春水,袁加.北京地区草花混播配置方法研究[C].中国风景园林学会2011年会论文集(下册),2011:752-754.
[10]常进.哈尔滨城市绿地土壤调查及改良效果研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[11]党薇.宁南黄土丘陵区紫花苜蓿与羊草混播初期效应研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[12]谢开云,张英俊,李向林,等.无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿在(1∶1)混播中的竞争与共存[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3767-3778.
[13]郑伟,朱进忠,库尔班,等.不同混播方式下豆禾混播草地种间竞争动态研究[J].草地学报,2010(18):568-575.
[14]NORMA F L.Competition and coexistence in a north carolina grassland:III.Mixtures of component species[J].Journal of Ecology,1982,70(1):77-92.
[15]GRACE J B.On the measurement of plant competition intensity[J].Ecology,1995,76(1):305-308.
[16] WESTOBY M.A leaf-height-seed(LHS)plant ecology strategy scheme[J].Plant and Soil,1998,199:213-227.
[17]ELMHIRST J F.Review of roadside wildflower programs and assessment of feasibility in ontario[M].Downsville(ON):Ontario ministry of transportation research and development Branch,1990.
[18]靳文东,文军明,付文峰.野花组合的景观应用[J].中国花卉园艺,2013(2):56-57.
[19]董世魁.高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地群落稳定性及其调控机制研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2001.
[20]MACARTHUR R H.Geographical ecology:Patterns in the distribution of species[D].Princeton:Princeton University,1972.
[21]DEWIT C T,VANDENBERGH J P.Competition between herbage plants[J].Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,1965(13):212-221.
[22]杨春华,李向林,张新全,等.扁穗牛鞭草+红三叶混播草地生物量及种间竞争的动态研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2006,24(1):32-33.
[23]张永亮,王建丽,胡自治.杂花苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播群落种间竞争及稳定性[J].草地学报,2007,15(1):43-49.
[24]张宏宇,杨恒山,李春辉,等.不同混播方式下苜蓿+无芒雀麦人工草地生产力动态研究[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(1):55-58.
[25]顾梦鹤,杜小光,文淑均,等.施肥和刈割对垂穗披碱草(Ely-mus nutans),中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)和羊茅(Festuca ovi-na)种间竞争力的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2472-2479.
[26]王平,周道玮,张宝田.禾-豆混播草地种间竞争与共存[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2560-2567.