文化人类学视角下周代盥洗礼及文化功能
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摘要
盥洗礼作为周代传统礼仪,核心为除尘迎新之意。盥洗礼广泛运用于昏礼、丧礼、冠礼之中,所蕴含的文化意义各不相同。而先秦礼书中对盥洗礼的记载只有只言片语且并未形成系统。通过整理和研究相关典籍,其主要内容包括:进盥、沃盥、盥卒受巾。从文化人类学角度进行考察,当周人在行盥洗礼时,昏礼中展示的是男女的辞旧迎新和长幼尊卑之别,丧礼中表达的是对逝者敬意及对亡灵的古朴崇拜,冠礼中突出了成年及人生阶段的变换。
As a traditional etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, the hand washing etiquette is the meaning of dust removal and welcome.Widely used in wedding ceremonies, funerals, and adult ceremonies, the hand washing etiquette had different cultural significance. In pre-Qin books on ceremonial rites and regulations,there are only a little unsystematic recording about the hand washing etiquette. Through the collation and research of relevant classics, the main contents of the hand washing etiquette include:before hand washing, in hand washing and after hand washing.From the perspective of cultural anthropology, when the Zhou people implemented the hand washing etiquette in wedding ceremonies, it expressed the new state of the bride and the bridegroom as well as seniority rules; in funerals, it expressed the tribute to the deceased and the quaint worship of the undead; in adult ceremonies, it highlighted adulthood and the transformation of life stages.
As a traditional etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, the hand washing etiquette is the meaning of dust removal and welcome.Widely used in wedding ceremonies, funerals, and adult ceremonies, the hand washing etiquette had different cultural significance. In pre-Qin books on ceremonial rites and regulations,there are only a little unsystematic recording about the hand washing etiquette. Through the collation and research of relevant classics, the main contents of the hand washing etiquette include:before hand washing, in hand washing and after hand washing.From the perspective of cultural anthropology, when the Zhou people implemented the hand washing etiquette in wedding ceremonies, it expressed the new state of the bride and the bridegroom as well as seniority rules; in funerals, it expressed the tribute to the deceased and the quaint worship of the undead; in adult ceremonies, it highlighted adulthood and the transformation of life stages.
引文
[1]杨伯峻.春秋左传注[M].北京:中华书局,2003.
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(5)阿诺尔德·范热内普.过渡礼仪[M].张举文,译.北京:商务印书馆,2010.
(6)弗雷泽.金枝[M].北京:商务印书馆,2017.
[2]孙希旦.礼记集解[M].北京:中华书局,2003.
[3]彭林.仪礼[M].礼记集解[M].北京:中华书局,2012.
[4]孙诒让.周礼正义[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[5]程俊英.诗经译注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2014.
(1)马承源.中国青铜器[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2003.
(2)岳洪彬,岳占伟.试论殷墟孝民屯大型铸范的铸造[J].考古,2009(6):72-76.
(3)俞水生.古代盥洗礼仪漫谈[J].寻根,2014(4):21-23.
(4)彭林.中国古代礼仪文明[M].北京:中华书局,2004.
(5)阿诺尔德·范热内普.过渡礼仪[M].张举文,译.北京:商务印书馆,2010.
(6)弗雷泽.金枝[M].北京:商务印书馆,2017.