植被退化对温带典型草原根系-土壤系统碳氮分配的影响
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摘要
以3种不同退化程度的温带典型草原(大针茅轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化)为研究对象,研究植被退化对温带典型草原土壤及根系碳氮含量及储量的影响。结果显示:(1)植被退化对地下根系碳含量影响不显著(P>0.05),而对地下根系氮含量的影响显著(P<0.05),中度退化样地根系氮含量显著高于轻度退化和重度退化样地(P<0.05)。(2)植被退化对根系碳氮储量影响显著(P<0.05),根系碳氮储量随着土层深度增加而减少,总根系碳氮储量随退化程度加剧而降低。(3)土壤有机碳、总碳和总氮含量及储量均受退化程度和采样深度的影响显著(P<0.05),其含量随着土壤深度的增加而显著减少,随退化程度加剧而显著降低(P<0.05)。(4)土壤是根系-土壤系统碳氮储存的最主要场所,储量占比90%以上。虽然土壤碳氮储量均存在表层聚集现象,但表层储量所占比例在各样地间差异显著(P<0.05)。
The objective of this article was to determine the influence of vegetation degradation on carbon and nitrogen storage in root-soil systems. We studied three typical temperate steppes with different levels of degradation in Inner Mongolia,including three different degraded temperate grasslands( Stipa grandis light degradation,moderate degradation,and severe degradation). The effects of vegetation degradation on soil carbon and nitrogen content in typical temperate steppe root-soil systems were studied. The results showed that:( 1) the effect of vegetation degradation on carbon concentration of underground roots was not significant( P > 0. 05), but the effect on the nitrogen concentration of underground roots was significant( P < 0. 05). The nitrogen concentration of roots in the moderately degraded plot wassignificantly higher than in the light degradation and severe degradation plots.( 2) the effects of vegetation degradation on carbon and nitrogen storage of root systems was significant( P < 0. 05). Carbon and nitrogen reserves decreased with increasing levels of degradation. Carbon and nitrogen storage of roots in three study plots decreased as depth increased.( 3)there were significant differences in soil organic carbon and nitrogen between different sampling plots( P< 0.05). With the increase in soil depth,the content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen decreased. The carbon and nitrogen storage of soil decreased as degradation increased.( 4) Soil is the main carbon and nitrogen pool in root-soil systems. About 90% of carbon and nitrogen were stored in soil. In soil systems,carbon and nitrogen were stored mainly in the top soil layer. The effect of vegetation degradation on the proportion of carbon and nitrogen content in the top soil layer,however,was not significant( P< 0.05).
The objective of this article was to determine the influence of vegetation degradation on carbon and nitrogen storage in root-soil systems. We studied three typical temperate steppes with different levels of degradation in Inner Mongolia,including three different degraded temperate grasslands( Stipa grandis light degradation,moderate degradation,and severe degradation). The effects of vegetation degradation on soil carbon and nitrogen content in typical temperate steppe root-soil systems were studied. The results showed that:( 1) the effect of vegetation degradation on carbon concentration of underground roots was not significant( P > 0. 05), but the effect on the nitrogen concentration of underground roots was significant( P < 0. 05). The nitrogen concentration of roots in the moderately degraded plot wassignificantly higher than in the light degradation and severe degradation plots.( 2) the effects of vegetation degradation on carbon and nitrogen storage of root systems was significant( P < 0. 05). Carbon and nitrogen reserves decreased with increasing levels of degradation. Carbon and nitrogen storage of roots in three study plots decreased as depth increased.( 3)there were significant differences in soil organic carbon and nitrogen between different sampling plots( P< 0.05). With the increase in soil depth,the content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen decreased. The carbon and nitrogen storage of soil decreased as degradation increased.( 4) Soil is the main carbon and nitrogen pool in root-soil systems. About 90% of carbon and nitrogen were stored in soil. In soil systems,carbon and nitrogen were stored mainly in the top soil layer. The effect of vegetation degradation on the proportion of carbon and nitrogen content in the top soil layer,however,was not significant( P< 0.05).
引文
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[32]阿依敏,波拉提,安沙舟,董乙强,张爱宁,杨娇.巴音布鲁克高寒草原不同退化阶段土壤养分的变化.新疆农业科学,2017,54(5):953-960.
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[37]Li F R,Zhao W Z,Liu J L,Huang Z G.Degraded vegetation and wind erosion influence soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in sandy grasslands.Plant and Soil,2009,317(1/2):79-92.
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[2]Chameides W L,Perdue E M.Biogeochemical Cycles.New York:Oxford University Press,1997.
[3]Batjes N H,Sombroek W G.Possibilities for carbon sequestration in tropical and subtropical soils.Global Change Biology,2010,3(2):161-173.
[4]Dormaar J F,Smoliak S,Willms W D.Distribution of nitrogen fractions in grazed and ungrazed fescue grassland ah horizons.Journal of Range Management,1990,43(1):6-9.
[5]贾晓红,李新荣,李元寿.干旱沙区植被恢复中土壤碳氮变化规律.植物生态学报,2007,31(1):66-74.
[6]Priess J A,De Koning G H J,Veldkamp A.Assessment of interactions between land use change and carbon and nutrient fluxes in Ecuador.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2001,85(1/3):269-279.
[7]杨勇,刘爱军,李兰花,陈海军,宋向阳,王保林,罗冬,王明玖.围封对内蒙古典型草原群落特征及土壤性状的影响.草业学报,2016,25(5):21-29.
[8]李强,杨劼,宋炳煜,马文红,赵利清,张立欣,侯虹.不同围封年限对退化大针茅草原生产力和土壤碳、氮贮量的影响.生态学杂志,2014,33(4):896-901.
[9]Mekuria W,Veldkamp E,Haile M,Nyssen J,Muys B,Gebrehiwot K.Effectiveness of exclosures to restore degraded soils as a result of overgrazing in Tigray,Ethiopia.Journal of Arid Environments,2007,69(2):270-284.
[10]Cui X Y,Wang Y F,Niu H S,Wu J,Wang S P,Schnug E,Rogasik J,Fleckenstein J,Tang Y H.Effect of long-term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia.Ecological Research,2005,20(5):519-527.
[11]沈振西,周楠,付刚,张宪洲.围封和放牧条件下藏北高原不同海拔高度高寒草甸植物群落碳氮含量的比较.生态环境学报,2016,25(3):372-376.
[12]Mu Y,Liu Y,Tian F P,Chang X F,Wu G L.Influence of artificial grassland restoration on soil carbon pool in an arid mining land.Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2016,16(4):890-990.
[13]Dlamini P,Chivenge P,Chaplot V.Overgrazing decreases soil organic carbon stocks the most under dry climates and low soil p H:A meta-analysis shows.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2016,221:258-269.
[14]Potter K N,Derner J D.Soil carbon pools in central Texas:Prairies,restored grasslands,and croplands.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,61(3):124-128.
[15]Keller A A,Goldstein R A.Impact of carbon storage through restoration of drylands on the global carbon cycle.Environmental Management,1998,22(5):757-766.
[16]Dong S K,Wen L,Li Y Y,Wang X X,Zhu L,Li X Y.Soil-quality effects of grassland degradation and restoration on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2012,76(6):2256-2264.
[17]蔡晓布,周进.退化高寒草原土壤有机碳时空变化及其与土壤物理性质的关系.应用生态学报,2009,20(11):2639-2645.
[18]李博,雍世鹏,李忠厚.锡林河流域植被及其利用//中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位站.草原生态系统研究(第三集).北京:科学出版社,1988:84-183.
[19]贺凤鹏,曾文静,王曌迪,曾辉,王娓.温带草原退化对土壤剖面微生物学特征的影响.微生物学通报,2016,43(3):702-711.
[20]敖伊敏,焦燕,徐柱.典型草原不同围封年限植被-土壤系统碳氮贮量的变化.生态环境学报,2011,20(10):1403-1410.
[21]周华坤,赵新全,周立,刘伟,李英年,唐艳鸿.青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究.草业学报,2005,14(3):31-40.
[22]李博.中国北方草地退化及其防治对策.中国农业科学,1997,30(6):1-9.
[23]洪江涛,吴建波,王小丹.放牧和围封对藏北高寒草原紫花针茅群落生物量分配及碳、氮、磷储量的影响.草业科学,2015,32(11):1878-1886.
[24]李强,宋彦涛,周道玮,王敏玲,陈笑莹.围封和放牧对退化盐碱草地土壤碳、氮、磷储量的影响.草业科学,2014,31(10):1811-1819.
[25]张蕊.高寒草地植物氮素利用与草地退化对土壤及根系碳/糖的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2015.
[26]王启基,李世雄,王文颖,景增春.江河源区高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸植物和土壤碳、氮储量对覆被变化的响应.生态学报,2008,28(3):885-894.
[27]鄢燕,马星星,鲁旭阳.人为干扰对藏北高寒草原群落生物量及其碳氮磷含量特征的影响.山地学报,2014,32(4):460-466.
[28]闫玉春,唐海萍,常瑞英,刘亮.长期开垦与放牧对内蒙古典型草原地下碳截存的影响.环境科学,2008,29(5):1388-1393.
[29]张文彦,樊江文,钟华平,胡中民,宋璐璐,王宁.中国典型草原优势植物功能群氮磷化学计量学特征研究.草地学报,2010,18(4):503-509.
[30]Wang X X,Dong S K,Sherman R,Liu Q R,Liu S L,Li Y Y,Wu Y.A comparison of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in alpine grasslands across a degradation gradient on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The Rangeland Journal,2015,37(1):45-55.
[31]Talore D G,Tesfamariam E H,Hassen A,Du Toit J C O,Klumpp K,Soussana J F.Long-term impacts of season of grazing on soil carbon sequestration and selected soil properties in the arid Eastern Cape,South Africa.Plant and Soil,2015,397(1/2):317-329.
[32]阿依敏,波拉提,安沙舟,董乙强,张爱宁,杨娇.巴音布鲁克高寒草原不同退化阶段土壤养分的变化.新疆农业科学,2017,54(5):953-960.
[33]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[34]陈芙蓉,程积民,刘伟,李媛,陈奥,赵新宇.不同干扰对黄土高原典型草原土壤有机碳的影响.草地学报,2012,20(2):298-304,311-311.
[35]王合云,董智,郭建英,李红丽,李锦荣,陈新闯.不同放牧强度对大针茅草原土壤全土及轻组碳氮储量的影响.水土保持学报,2015,29(6):101-106,207-207.
[36]Song Y T,Zhou D W,Zhang H X,Li G D,Jin Y H,Li Q.Effects of vegetation height and density on soil temperature variations.Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(8):907-912.
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