夏玉米品种花期耐热性鉴定与评价
|
摘要
花期高温是影响夏玉米稳产和高产的重要因素之一,筛选和推广耐热性较强的玉米品种是减少高温热害损失的有效途径。以10个山东省主推玉米品种为试材,研究高温对不同夏玉米品种产量、产量构成因素及穗部性状的影响,继而通过主成分分析、聚类分析和各品种的表现进行综合评定,筛选确定夏玉米花期耐热性评价指标,并以此对10个玉米品种进行花期耐高温能力强弱分类。结果表明,花期高温胁迫下,10个玉米品种产量、穗粒数和穗数分别比对照平均降低27.19%、9.31%和7.31%。主成分分析表明,产量、行粒数、穗粒数、秃尖长和穗数可作为花期玉米耐高温筛选的主要鉴定指标;10个夏玉米品种耐高温能力具有较大差异,其中郑单958、鲁单818和中单909为耐高温型品种,农大108为中度耐高温型品种,登海605和农华101等6个品种为高温敏感型品种。本研究得出产量、行粒数、穗粒数、秃尖长和穗数可作为花期玉米品种耐高温能力评价的主要鉴定指标,郑单958、鲁单818和中单909可用于易发生玉米花期高温热害区域种植。
High temperature during flowering stage is one of the important factors affecting high and stable yield of summer maize. Screening and popularizing maize varieties with higher heat tolerance is an effective way to reduce the loss of heat stress. The field experiment was carried out with 10 maize hybrids as test materials that were widely grown in Shandong Province. The effects of high temperature treatment on yield, yield components and ear characters of different maize genotypes were studied, and the cultivars were classified on the basis of their heat tolerant ability by means of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that yield, ear grain number and ear numbers of the 10 maize cultivars decreased by 27.19%, 9.31% and 7.31% under high temperature stress, respectively. The principal component analysis results showed that yield, ear grain number, barren tip length and ear numbers were the most significant factors and could be recommended as the main indexes to identify heat tolerance of summer maize at flowering period. These 10 maize varieties could be divided into 3 groups: heat-tolerant varieties, moderate heat-tolerant varieties and heat-sensitive varieties. Zhengdan 958, Ludan 818 and Zhongdan 909 were heat-tolerant varieties, which could be used for cultivation in high-temperature areas prone to heat damage.
High temperature during flowering stage is one of the important factors affecting high and stable yield of summer maize. Screening and popularizing maize varieties with higher heat tolerance is an effective way to reduce the loss of heat stress. The field experiment was carried out with 10 maize hybrids as test materials that were widely grown in Shandong Province. The effects of high temperature treatment on yield, yield components and ear characters of different maize genotypes were studied, and the cultivars were classified on the basis of their heat tolerant ability by means of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that yield, ear grain number and ear numbers of the 10 maize cultivars decreased by 27.19%, 9.31% and 7.31% under high temperature stress, respectively. The principal component analysis results showed that yield, ear grain number, barren tip length and ear numbers were the most significant factors and could be recommended as the main indexes to identify heat tolerance of summer maize at flowering period. These 10 maize varieties could be divided into 3 groups: heat-tolerant varieties, moderate heat-tolerant varieties and heat-sensitive varieties. Zhengdan 958, Ludan 818 and Zhongdan 909 were heat-tolerant varieties, which could be used for cultivation in high-temperature areas prone to heat damage.
引文
[1] IPCC.Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation:special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M].England:Cambridge University Press,2012.
[2] Jha U C,Bohra A,Singh N P.Heat stress in crop plants:its nature,impacts and integrated breeding strategies to improve heat tolerance[J].Plant Breeding,2014,133(6):679-701.
[3] FAO.Food and agriculture data [R/OL].2017.http://faostat.fao.Org/site/ 339/default.aspx.
[4] 岳尧海,赵万庆,周小辉.黄淮海夏玉米区气候特点及育种研究方向[J].农业与技术,2009,29(3):28-30.
[5] Zhao C,Liu B,Piao S,et al.Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114(35):9326-9331.
[6] Rezaei E E,Webber H,Gaiser T,et al.Heat stress in cereals:mechanisms and modelling[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2015,64:98-113.
[7] 张萍,陈冠英,耿鹏,等.籽粒灌浆期高温对不同耐热型玉米品种强弱势粒发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2061-2070.
[8] 李文阳,王长进,方伟,等.不同生育期高温对玉米子粒品质及淀粉糊化特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(1):82-86.
[9] 赵丽晓,张萍,王若男,等.花后前期高温对玉米强弱势籽粒生长发育的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(10):1839-1845.
[10] Gambín B L,Borrás L,Otegui M E .Source-sink relations and kernel weight differences in maize temperate hybrids[J].Field Crops Research,2006,95(2/3):316-326.
[11] Rattalino E J I,Otegui M E.Heat stress in temperate and tropical maize hybrids:a novel approach for assessing sources of kernel loss in field conditions[J].Field Crops Research,2013,142:58-67.
[12] 于康珂,刘源,李亚明,等.玉米花期耐高温品种的筛选与综合评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):62-71.
[13] Edreira J I R,Mayer L I,Otegui M E.Heat stress in temperate and tropical maize hybrids:kernel growth,water relations and assimilate availability for grain filling[J].Field Crops Research,2014,166:162-172.
[14] 赵龙飞,李潮海,刘天学,等.花期前后高温对不同基因型玉米光合特性及产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4947-4958.
[15] 陈新,张宗文,吴斌.裸燕麦萌发期耐盐性综合评价与耐盐种质筛选[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(10):2038-2046.
[16] Ritchie J T,Nesmith D S.Temperature and crop development[J].Modeling Plant and Soil Systems,1991,31:5-30.
[17] Porter J R,Semenov M A.Crop responses to climatic variation[J].Phil.Trans.R.Soc.B,2005,360(1463):2021-2035.
[18] 陶志强,陈源泉,隋鹏,等.华北春玉米高温胁迫影响机理及其技术应对探讨[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(4):20-27.
[19] Cicchino M,Edreira R J I,Uribelarrea M,et al.Heat stress in field-grown maize:response of physiological determinants of grain yield[J].Crop Science,2010,50(4):1438-1448.
[20] 张吉旺,董树亭,王空军,等.大田增温对夏玉米光合特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):81-86.
[21] 于康珂,孙宁宁,詹静,等.高温胁迫对不同热敏型玉米品种雌雄穗生理特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):84-91.
[22] Wilhelm E P,Mullen R E,Keeling P L,et al.Heat Stress during grain filling in maize:effects on kernel growth and metabolism[J].Crop Science,1999,6(6):1733-1740.
[23] Hurkman W J,McCue K F,Altenbach S B,et al.Effect of temperature on expression of genes encoding enzymes for starch biosynthesis in developing wheat endosperm[J].Plant Science,2003,164(5):873-881.
[24] 胡秀丽,李艳辉,杨海荣,等.HSP70可提高干旱高温复合胁迫诱导的玉米叶片抗氧化防护能力[J].作物学报,2010,36(4):636-644.
[2] Jha U C,Bohra A,Singh N P.Heat stress in crop plants:its nature,impacts and integrated breeding strategies to improve heat tolerance[J].Plant Breeding,2014,133(6):679-701.
[3] FAO.Food and agriculture data [R/OL].2017.http://faostat.fao.Org/site/ 339/default.aspx.
[4] 岳尧海,赵万庆,周小辉.黄淮海夏玉米区气候特点及育种研究方向[J].农业与技术,2009,29(3):28-30.
[5] Zhao C,Liu B,Piao S,et al.Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114(35):9326-9331.
[6] Rezaei E E,Webber H,Gaiser T,et al.Heat stress in cereals:mechanisms and modelling[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2015,64:98-113.
[7] 张萍,陈冠英,耿鹏,等.籽粒灌浆期高温对不同耐热型玉米品种强弱势粒发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2061-2070.
[8] 李文阳,王长进,方伟,等.不同生育期高温对玉米子粒品质及淀粉糊化特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(1):82-86.
[9] 赵丽晓,张萍,王若男,等.花后前期高温对玉米强弱势籽粒生长发育的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(10):1839-1845.
[10] Gambín B L,Borrás L,Otegui M E .Source-sink relations and kernel weight differences in maize temperate hybrids[J].Field Crops Research,2006,95(2/3):316-326.
[11] Rattalino E J I,Otegui M E.Heat stress in temperate and tropical maize hybrids:a novel approach for assessing sources of kernel loss in field conditions[J].Field Crops Research,2013,142:58-67.
[12] 于康珂,刘源,李亚明,等.玉米花期耐高温品种的筛选与综合评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):62-71.
[13] Edreira J I R,Mayer L I,Otegui M E.Heat stress in temperate and tropical maize hybrids:kernel growth,water relations and assimilate availability for grain filling[J].Field Crops Research,2014,166:162-172.
[14] 赵龙飞,李潮海,刘天学,等.花期前后高温对不同基因型玉米光合特性及产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4947-4958.
[15] 陈新,张宗文,吴斌.裸燕麦萌发期耐盐性综合评价与耐盐种质筛选[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(10):2038-2046.
[16] Ritchie J T,Nesmith D S.Temperature and crop development[J].Modeling Plant and Soil Systems,1991,31:5-30.
[17] Porter J R,Semenov M A.Crop responses to climatic variation[J].Phil.Trans.R.Soc.B,2005,360(1463):2021-2035.
[18] 陶志强,陈源泉,隋鹏,等.华北春玉米高温胁迫影响机理及其技术应对探讨[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(4):20-27.
[19] Cicchino M,Edreira R J I,Uribelarrea M,et al.Heat stress in field-grown maize:response of physiological determinants of grain yield[J].Crop Science,2010,50(4):1438-1448.
[20] 张吉旺,董树亭,王空军,等.大田增温对夏玉米光合特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):81-86.
[21] 于康珂,孙宁宁,詹静,等.高温胁迫对不同热敏型玉米品种雌雄穗生理特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):84-91.
[22] Wilhelm E P,Mullen R E,Keeling P L,et al.Heat Stress during grain filling in maize:effects on kernel growth and metabolism[J].Crop Science,1999,6(6):1733-1740.
[23] Hurkman W J,McCue K F,Altenbach S B,et al.Effect of temperature on expression of genes encoding enzymes for starch biosynthesis in developing wheat endosperm[J].Plant Science,2003,164(5):873-881.
[24] 胡秀丽,李艳辉,杨海荣,等.HSP70可提高干旱高温复合胁迫诱导的玉米叶片抗氧化防护能力[J].作物学报,2010,36(4):636-644.