道教斋醮科仪对周礼祭祀体系的接受及其意义
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摘要
道教斋醮科仪虽起源于下层民间中的巫祝仪式,但在发展中不断地吸收了先秦周礼祭祀礼制的内容。道教斋醮名称源自先秦周礼,道教斋醮祀神对象及祀神方式多以先秦周礼为基础,道教斋醮器物大多承袭先秦礼制器物规制,道教斋醮礼意也多沿袭先秦周礼。这种长期而广泛的或主动或被动的接受行为,实际上显示出了道教对于世俗规则的屈服。它客观上促进了道教的官方化,并为道教争取到了较大的发展空间。
Although the Taoist Fasting rituals originated from the lower folk rites,they constantly absorbed the content of the pre-Qin Zhou ritual rituals in the process of the development. The name of Fasting comes from Zhou ritual; Taoist sacrificial objects and sacrificial methods are mostly based on the pre-Qin Zhou ritual. Most of Taoist Fasting artifacts inherited the pre-Qin ritual artifacts regulations; and,Taoist funeral rituals also followed Zhou ritual. This long-term and extensive active or passive acceptance behavior actually shows Taoism's submission to secular rules. It objectively promoted the official nature of Taoism and gained greater development space for Taoism.
Although the Taoist Fasting rituals originated from the lower folk rites,they constantly absorbed the content of the pre-Qin Zhou ritual rituals in the process of the development. The name of Fasting comes from Zhou ritual; Taoist sacrificial objects and sacrificial methods are mostly based on the pre-Qin Zhou ritual. Most of Taoist Fasting artifacts inherited the pre-Qin ritual artifacts regulations; and,Taoist funeral rituals also followed Zhou ritual. This long-term and extensive active or passive acceptance behavior actually shows Taoism's submission to secular rules. It objectively promoted the official nature of Taoism and gained greater development space for Taoism.
引文
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[2]道藏(第31册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[3]张泽洪.道教斋醮科仪研究[M].成都:巴蜀书社,1999.
[4]葛兆光.道教屈服史及其他:六朝隋唐道教的思想史研究[M].北京:生活.读本.新知三联书店,2003.
[5]道藏(第6册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[6]陈戍国点校.周礼·仪礼·礼记[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1989.
[7]胡培翚.仪礼正义(第一册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1933.
[8]萧统.文选[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1986.
[9]张君房.云笈七签[M].北京:中华书局,2003.
[10]王明编.太平经合校[M].北京:中华书局,1979.
[11]陈寿.三国志[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[12]道藏(第9册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[13]道藏(第5册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[14]道藏(第32册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[15]魏征等撰.隋书[M].中华书局,1973.
[16]道藏(第10册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[17]礼记注疏[M].《钦定四库全书》(115册),535页.
[18]道藏(第18册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[19]道藏(第4册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[20]道藏(第36册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[21]张泽洪.论道教斋醮仪礼的祭坛[J].中国道教,2001(4).
[22]陈戍国校注.四书五经[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2006.
[23]王明.抱朴子内篇校释[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[24]吕鹏志.唐前道教仪式史纲[M].北京:中华书局,2008.
[25]道藏(第20册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[26]孙诒让.周礼正义[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
[27]百子全书[M].长沙:岳麓书社,1993.
[28]阮元校刻.十三经注疏[M].北京:中华书局,1980.
[29]僧佑撰.弘明集(卷8)[M].四部丛刊第474册.北京:商务印书馆,1929.
[30]汪桂平.道教涂炭斋法初探[J].世界宗教研究,2002(2).
[31]道藏(第25册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.
[32]道藏(28册)[M].文物出版社、上海书店、天津古籍出版社联合出版,1988.