《四部医典》用药规律——“味性化味”理论的科学内涵分析
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摘要
"味性化味"(Ro Nus Zhur Jes)理论是藏族药学(简称藏药)的核心内容,可分为"味性能"(Ro Yi Nus Pa)和"本质性能"(Ngo Bovi Nus Pa),而"味性能"又分为六味、三化味、八性、十七效等;"本质性能"又分为气味功效、生地功效、颜色功效、同形功效等8种,是藏药从采集到炮制,从配伍到成品的理论依据。藏药"味性化味"理论与疾病的20种特性形成轴承关系,通过"味性化味"的配伍,调节三因的紊乱,达到防治疾病的目的。藏药经典方剂都在该理论指导下配伍而成,因此,开展藏药"味性化味"理论研究,可揭示藏医用药规律的科学内涵。但目前藏药研究主要集中在化学成分和药理机制等邻域,很少从藏药"味性化味"理论来研究,脱离了藏药传统理论的指导,很难发现藏药配伍的核心规律。本文基于3 000余函藏医古籍文献,应用历史时间轴方法和Gephi v0. 8. 2可视化软件等梳理藏药"味性化味"理论的传承历史,阐释藏药六味、三化味、十七效等如何作用于三因和20种特性等疾病属性,以期为藏药药性研究提供理论参考。
Ro Nus ZhurJes theory is the core content of Tibetan medicine,it can be divided into "taste performance"(Ro Yi Nus Pa) and "essential performance"(Ngo Bovi Nus Pa),and "taste performance"is divided into six tastes,eight properties,three tastes after digestion,seventeen effects and so on. "Essential performance"is divided into eight kinds,including odor efficacy,sources efficacy,color efficacy,et al. Form bearing relationships that "taste performance " and "essential performance ", the butt welding joins the threefactors and twenty characteristics of disease,it is the theoretical basis of Tibetan medicine from collection and processing,from formula to finished product. It is also the main method for the evaluation of drug performance by Tibetan medicine. Many classic Tibetan medicine prescriptions are compatible under the guidance of Ro Nus ZhurJes. However,at present,the research of Tibetan medicine mainly concentrates on the chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism. It is seldom studied from the Ro Nus Zhur Jes theory of Tibetan medicine. It is difficult to find the core rules and effect of Tibetan medicine. Therefore,based on the ancient literature of Tibetan medicine,this paper combs the theory of Tibetan medicine property,explains the six tastes,three tastes after digestion,and seventeen effects of Tibetan medicine function in three-factors,twenty characteristics and other diseases attributes,in order to provide theoretical reference for the study of drug properties of Tibetan medicine.
Ro Nus ZhurJes theory is the core content of Tibetan medicine,it can be divided into "taste performance"(Ro Yi Nus Pa) and "essential performance"(Ngo Bovi Nus Pa),and "taste performance"is divided into six tastes,eight properties,three tastes after digestion,seventeen effects and so on. "Essential performance"is divided into eight kinds,including odor efficacy,sources efficacy,color efficacy,et al. Form bearing relationships that "taste performance " and "essential performance ", the butt welding joins the threefactors and twenty characteristics of disease,it is the theoretical basis of Tibetan medicine from collection and processing,from formula to finished product. It is also the main method for the evaluation of drug performance by Tibetan medicine. Many classic Tibetan medicine prescriptions are compatible under the guidance of Ro Nus ZhurJes. However,at present,the research of Tibetan medicine mainly concentrates on the chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism. It is seldom studied from the Ro Nus Zhur Jes theory of Tibetan medicine. It is difficult to find the core rules and effect of Tibetan medicine. Therefore,based on the ancient literature of Tibetan medicine,this paper combs the theory of Tibetan medicine property,explains the six tastes,three tastes after digestion,and seventeen effects of Tibetan medicine function in three-factors,twenty characteristics and other diseases attributes,in order to provide theoretical reference for the study of drug properties of Tibetan medicine.
引文
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[13]姚俊宏,蒋秋冬,陈军,等. 21种辛味中药挥发油透皮促渗效果的药性规律分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(1):1-7.
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[15]黄学思,李文敏,张小琳,等.基于色彩色差计和电子鼻的槟榔炒制火候判别及其指标量化研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(14):1786-1791.
[16]杨晓芸.金银花颜色气味与化学成分的相关性研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2013.
[17]黄林芳,陈士林.中药品质生态学:一个新兴交叉学科[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(1):1-11.
[18]帝玛尔·丹增彭措.帝玛尔医著集[M].藏文版.北京:民族出版社,2007:101-105.
[19] Tomba E,Guidi J,Fava G A. What psychologists need to know about psychotropic medications[J]. Clin Psychol Psychother,2018,25(2):181-187.
[20]东改措.藏医辛味饮食对“普胃酶灼”干预的机理研究[D].西宁:青海大学,2017.
[21]崔蒙,李海燕,杨硕,等.中医药信息学应用科学领域研究进展[J].中国中医药图书情报杂志,2015,39(6):1-7.
[2]张艺,周林,德洛.基于药效成分体内代谢的藏药方剂配伍规律研究思路与方法[J].中国民族医药杂志,2011,17(7):33-35.
[3]贡保东知,郭伟晨,阿达,等.基于中医传承辅助平台的藏族医治疗浮肿用药规律分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(12):208-213.
[4]皮亚杰.发生认识论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990:86-91.
[5]青海省藏医药研究院.藏医药大典[M].藏文版.北京:民族出版社,2011:12-123.
[6]宇妥·元丹贡布.四部医典[M].藏文版.拉萨:西藏人民出版社,1982:66-612.
[7]才让南加.《医疗瑰宝本草》的研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2017.
[8]弥尼玛·同哇东丹.草本药库[M].藏文版.北京:民族出版社,2006:45-90.
[9]帝玛尔·丹增彭措.晶珠本草[M].藏文版.北京:民族出版社,2005:101-105.
[10]罗布顿珠.帝玛尔·格西丹增彭措药学学术成就及《晶珠本草》学术价值研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2012.
[11]文成当智,尕玛措尼,斗周才让,等.藏医五源学说与现代物理学认识物质本质的哲学思考[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(4):1483-1485.
[12]文成当智.藏药药理数据挖掘方法研究[D].西宁:青海大学,2016.
[13]姚俊宏,蒋秋冬,陈军,等. 21种辛味中药挥发油透皮促渗效果的药性规律分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(1):1-7.
[14]黎量,杨诗龙,胥敏,等.基于电子鼻、电子舌技术的山楂气、味鉴别[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(5):99-102.
[15]黄学思,李文敏,张小琳,等.基于色彩色差计和电子鼻的槟榔炒制火候判别及其指标量化研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(14):1786-1791.
[16]杨晓芸.金银花颜色气味与化学成分的相关性研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2013.
[17]黄林芳,陈士林.中药品质生态学:一个新兴交叉学科[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(1):1-11.
[18]帝玛尔·丹增彭措.帝玛尔医著集[M].藏文版.北京:民族出版社,2007:101-105.
[19] Tomba E,Guidi J,Fava G A. What psychologists need to know about psychotropic medications[J]. Clin Psychol Psychother,2018,25(2):181-187.
[20]东改措.藏医辛味饮食对“普胃酶灼”干预的机理研究[D].西宁:青海大学,2017.
[21]崔蒙,李海燕,杨硕,等.中医药信息学应用科学领域研究进展[J].中国中医药图书情报杂志,2015,39(6):1-7.