古建筑木结构偷心造和计心造斗栱力学性能数值分析
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摘要
古建筑木结构的斗栱做法有偷心造和计心造两种基本形式,为研究这两种斗栱力学性能的差异,以饶益寺大佛殿的偷心造与计心造斗栱为研究对象,建立偷心造与计心造斗栱的有限元模型,用某斗栱的试验数据验证了有限元模型的正确性,并分析这两种斗栱在竖向荷载和水平低周反复荷载作用下的力学性能。研究结果表明:在竖向荷载作用下,由于计心造斗栱的横栱比偷心造斗栱多,其竖向荷载位移曲线有一个明显的强化阶段,导致其极限承载力比偷心造斗栱大29.9%;在水平低周反复荷载作用下,两种斗栱的滞回曲线都比较饱满,均表现出较好的耗能能力,但二者相差不大。
Tou-xin-zao and ji-xin-zao are the two basic forms of tou-kung in Chinese ancient timber structures.To study the mechanical performance of the two types of tou-kung,finite element models are established for the typical tou-xin-zao and ji-xin-zao tou-kung in Raoyi Temple.The models are verified with previous experimental results and then subjected to vertical loading and horizontal low frequency cyclic loading,respectively.The finite element analysis shows that under vertical loading,the ji-xin-zao tou-kung experiences a strength hardening stage,with the ultimate bearing capacity 29.9% higher than that of touxin-zao tou-kung.It was found that the additional structural members(heng-gong)in ji-xin-zao tou-kung contributed to the higher bearing capacity.Under horizontal cyclic loading,the two tou-kung types behave equally well in terms of energy dissipation performance and both exhibite relatively plump hysteresis loops.
Tou-xin-zao and ji-xin-zao are the two basic forms of tou-kung in Chinese ancient timber structures.To study the mechanical performance of the two types of tou-kung,finite element models are established for the typical tou-xin-zao and ji-xin-zao tou-kung in Raoyi Temple.The models are verified with previous experimental results and then subjected to vertical loading and horizontal low frequency cyclic loading,respectively.The finite element analysis shows that under vertical loading,the ji-xin-zao tou-kung experiences a strength hardening stage,with the ultimate bearing capacity 29.9% higher than that of touxin-zao tou-kung.It was found that the additional structural members(heng-gong)in ji-xin-zao tou-kung contributed to the higher bearing capacity.Under horizontal cyclic loading,the two tou-kung types behave equally well in terms of energy dissipation performance and both exhibite relatively plump hysteresis loops.
引文
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[2]潘毅,王超,季晨龙,等.汶川地震中木结构古建筑的震害调查与分析[J].建筑科学,2012,28(7):103-106.PAN Y,WANG C,JI C L,et al.Investigation and analysis of seismic damage for Chinese ancient timber buildings in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Building Science,2012,28(7):103-106.(in Chinese)
[3]潘毅,唐丽娜,王慧琴,等.芦山7.0级地震古建筑震害调查分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,34(1):140-146.PAN Y,TANG L N,WANG H Q,et al.Investigation and analysis of damage to ancient buildings in Lushan Ms7.0earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2014,34(1):140-146.(in Chinese)
[4]高大峰.中国木结构古建筑的结构及其抗震性能研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.GAO D F.A research on structure and their aseismatic characteristics of ancient Chinese timber buildings[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[5]CHEN Z Y,ZHU E C,FRANK-LAM E T,et al.Structural performance of dou-gong brackets of Yingxian Wood Pagoda under vertical load:An experimental study[J].Engineering Structures,2014,80(9):274-288.
[6]袁建力,陈韦,王珏,等.应县木塔斗栱模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(7):66-72.YUAN J L,CHEN W,WANG J,et al.Experimental research on bracket set models of Yingxian Timber Pagoda[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(7):66-72.(in Chinese)
[7]周乾,闫维明,周锡元,等.故宫神武门动力特性及地震反应研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):90-95.ZHOU Q,YAN W M,ZHOU X Y,et al.Study on dynamical character and seismic response of Shen-Wu Gate in the Forbidden City[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(2):90-95.(in Chinese)
[8]周乾,闫维明,关宏志,等.故宫太和殿抗震性能研究[J].福州大学学报,2013,41(4):487-494.ZHOU Q,YAN W M,GUAN H Z,et al.Aseismic behaviors of Tai-He Palace in the Forbidden City[J].Journal of Fuzhou University,2013,41(4):487-494.(in Chinese)
[9]津和佑子,加藤圭,金惠園,等.組物有する统木造軸組の振動台実験[J].生産研究,2008,60(2):11-14.TSUWA I,KATO K,KIM H W.The shaking table test of a traditional timber frame including Kumimono[J].The Institute of Industrial Science,2008,60(2):11-14.(in Japanese)
[10]加藤圭,津和佑子,腰原幹雄.組物有する伝統木造社寺建築の構面振動台実験(その1):実験概要および結果[C]//日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集,东京:日本建築学会,2008:43-44.KATO K,TSUWA I,KOSHIHARA M.Shaking table test of a traditional timber frames including Kumimono,Part 1:Experiment outline and results[C]//Summary of academic lectures at the Architectural Society of Japan,Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,2008:43-44.(in Japanese)
[11]津和佑子,加藤圭,腰原幹雄.組物有する伝統木造社寺建築の構面振動台実験(その2):水平耐力要素のモデル化と考察[C]//日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集,东京:日本建築学会,2008:45-46.TSUWA I,KATO K,KOSHIHARA M.Shaking table tests of timber frames including Kumimono,Part2:Modeling of horizontal resistance and the analysis[C]//Summary of academic lectures at the Architectural Society of Japan,Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,2008:45-46.(in Japanese)
[12]徐伯安.《营造法式》斗拱型制解疑、探微[M]//建筑史论文集,北京:清华大学出版社,1985,1-35.
[13]潘德华.斗栱[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004.PAN D H.Tou-kung[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[14]董晓阳.不同歪闪程度下木结构古建筑斗栱节点的抗震性能分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.DONG X Y.Research on seismic behavior of dou-gong brackets used in ancient timber buildings under different skew angle[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[15]中国建筑西南设计研究院.木结构设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.China Southwest Architecture Design and Research Institute.Wood structure design manual[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[16]高大峰,赵铁红,薛建阳.木结构古建筑中斗栱与榫卯节点的抗震性能——试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(2):58-64.GAO D F,ZHAO T H,XUE J Y.A seismic characteristics of bucket arch and mortise-tenon joint of ancient Chinese timber buildings:Experimental research[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2008,17(2):58-64.(in Chinese)