铺作层布置对古建筑木结构抗震性能的影响
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摘要
古建筑木结构中斗栱形制及补间铺作斗栱的布置有清晰的历史演变规律。为研究斗栱的尺度从大到小、补间铺作的斗栱数量由少到多的变化对古建筑木结构抗震性能的影响,以饶益寺大佛殿和保国寺祥符殿的铺作层布置为参照,设计出4种不同铺作层布置的数值模型,并对其进行地震作用下的动力时程分析,研究不同铺作层布置的模型在不同地震激励作用下柱脚、普拍枋顶面、斗栱顶面的加速度和位移反应。研究结果表明:在水平地震作用下,柱脚、普拍枋顶面、斗栱顶面的加速度依次减小。当斗栱的尺度减小后,铺作层对地震动加速度的衰减作用降低,侧向变形能力也减小。当斗栱的尺度不变,布置数量越多、布置越规整,铺作层对地震动加速度的衰减作用越强,柱架层及铺作层的侧向变形也减小。在强震作用下,斗栱的尺度减小后,额枋榫头及馒头榫处的应力虽均有增大,但馒头榫处的应力增加更明显。
The specification and layout of Bujian tou-kungs of ancient timber structure have a clear historical evolution. To study the effects of the scale of tou-kungs(from big to small) and the number of Bujian tou-kungs(from less to more) on the seismic performance of ancient timber structure, four simplified ancient timber models with different tou-kung schemes were designed based on the Raoyi Temple and Baoguo Temple. By means of the ABAQUS finite element program, elasto-plastic time-history analysis were conducted. Displacement and acceleration responses at column root, Pupaifang top and tou-kung top were studied under different input seismic excitations. The research results show that the acceleration is gradually reduced with the sequence of column root, Pupaifang top and tou-kung. The acceleration attenuation effect and lateral deformability decreased with the scale. As the number of tou-kungs increases and the regularity of layout of tou-kung enhances, the acceleration attenuation effect of tou-kung layer becomes stronger and the lateral deformability of tou-kung layer and column frame decreases. Under strong earthquake actions, damage of model mainly occurs at the Steamed Buns tenons and the connects of Efang and eaves column, and the main damage forms are separation of tenons from mortises and compression deformation of tenons.
The specification and layout of Bujian tou-kungs of ancient timber structure have a clear historical evolution. To study the effects of the scale of tou-kungs(from big to small) and the number of Bujian tou-kungs(from less to more) on the seismic performance of ancient timber structure, four simplified ancient timber models with different tou-kung schemes were designed based on the Raoyi Temple and Baoguo Temple. By means of the ABAQUS finite element program, elasto-plastic time-history analysis were conducted. Displacement and acceleration responses at column root, Pupaifang top and tou-kung top were studied under different input seismic excitations. The research results show that the acceleration is gradually reduced with the sequence of column root, Pupaifang top and tou-kung. The acceleration attenuation effect and lateral deformability decreased with the scale. As the number of tou-kungs increases and the regularity of layout of tou-kung enhances, the acceleration attenuation effect of tou-kung layer becomes stronger and the lateral deformability of tou-kung layer and column frame decreases. Under strong earthquake actions, damage of model mainly occurs at the Steamed Buns tenons and the connects of Efang and eaves column, and the main damage forms are separation of tenons from mortises and compression deformation of tenons.
引文
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[17]张锡成.地震作用下木结构古建筑的动力分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013(Zhang Xicheng.Dynamic analysis of ancient timber-frame buildings under seismic excitations[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2013(in Chinese))
[18]中国文化遗产研究院.应县木塔保护研究[M].北京:文物出版社,2016:342-345
[19]姚侃,赵鸿铁.木构古建筑柱与柱础的摩擦滑移隔震机理研究[J].工程力学,2006,23(8):127-131,159(Yao Kan,Zhao Hongtie.Study on the mechanism of sliding friction shock isolation between timber column and plinth in historical buildings[J].Engineering Machanics,2006,23(8):127-131,159(in Chinese))
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[21]高大峰,祝松涛,丁新建.西安永宁门箭楼结构及抗震性能分析[J].山东大学学报:工学版,2013,43(2):62-69(Gao Dafeng,Zhu Songtao,Ding Xinjian.Analysis of structural and seismic performance of Yongning Gate embrasured watchtower of Xi’an City Wall[J].Journal of Shandong University:Engineering Science,2013,43(2):62-69(in Chinese))
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[23]GB 50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016(GB 50011-2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016(in Chinese))
[24]Zhang Xicheng,Xue Jianyang,Zhao Hongtie,et al.Experimental study on Chinese ancient timber-frame building by shaking table test[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,2011,40(4):453-469
[2]宋晓胜,舒经宇,郭小东.中国木结构传统建筑典型震害分析与保护对策[J].世界地震工程,2014,30(2):43-49(Song Xiaosheng,Shu Jingyu,Guo Xiaodong.Analysis of seismic damage to traditional Chinese timber buildings and their protection countermeasures[J].Word Earthquake Engineering,2014,30(2):43-49(in Chinese))
[3]潘毅,王超,季晨龙,等.汶川地震中木结构古建筑的震害调查与分析[J].建筑科学,2012,28(7):103-106(Pan Yi,Wang Chao,Ji Chenlong,et al.Investigation and analysis of seismic damage for Chinese ancient timber buildings in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Building Science,2012,28(7):103-106(in Chinese))
[4]潘毅,唐丽娜,王慧琴,等.芦山7.0级地震古建筑震害调查分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2014,34(1):140-146(Pan Yi,Tang Lina,Wang Huiqin,et al.Investigation and analysis of damage to ancient buildings in Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2014,34(1):140-146(in Chinese))
[5]周乾,杨娜,闫维明,等.故宫太和殿一层斗拱水平抗震性能试验[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(10):18-31(Zhou Qian,Yang Na,Yan Weiming,et al.Experimental study on seismic performance of tou-kungs of 1st eave of Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(10):18-31(in Chinese))
[6]邵云,邱洪兴,乐志,等.宋、清式斗栱低周反复荷载试验研究[J].建筑结构,2014,44(9):79-82(Shao Yun,Qiu Hongxing,Yue Zhi,et al.Experimental study of low-cycle loading test on Song-style and Qing-style dougong[J].Building Structure,2014,44(9):79-82(in Chinese))
[7]棚橋秀光,鈴木祥之.伝統木造軸組の実大静的.動的実験のシミュレーション[C]//歷史都市防災論文集.京都市:立命館大学歴史都市防災研究センター,2010:181-188
[8]Hwang J K,Hong S G,Kim N H,et al.The effect of friction joint and Gongpo(bracket set)as an energy dissipation in Korean traditional wooden structure[C]//Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historic Construction.London:Taylor&Francis Group,2008:861-866
[9]潘德华.斗栱[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004(Pan Dehua.Tou-kung[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2004(in Chinese))
[10]梁思成.图像中国建筑史[M].北京:生活·读书·新知3联书店,2011(Liang Sicheng.A pictorial history of Chinese architecture[M].Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,2011(in Chinese))
[11]项隆元.宁波保国寺大殿建筑的历史特征与地方特色分析[J].东方博物,2004,2(1):94-104
[12]张十庆.江南厅堂井字型构架的解析与比较-以保国寺大殿为主线[J].中国建筑史论汇刊,2015,5(1):167-182
[13]王贵祥,刘畅,段智均.中国古代木构建筑比例与尺度研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011
[14]东南大学建筑研究所.宁波保国寺大殿:勘测分析与基础研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2012
[15]潘毅,袁双,王慧琴,等.古建筑木结构偷心造和计心造斗栱力学性能数值分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2017,39(5):9-15(Pan Yi,Yuan Shuang,Wang Huiqin,et al.Numerical analysis of mechanical behavior of Tou-xin-zao and Ji-xin-zao tou-kung in Chinese ancient timber structures[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2017,39(5):9-15(in Chinese))
[16]陈韦.应县木塔斗栱力学性能及简化分析模型的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2010(Chen Wei.Research on mechanical property and simplified analysis model of Dougong of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2010(in Chinese))
[17]张锡成.地震作用下木结构古建筑的动力分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013(Zhang Xicheng.Dynamic analysis of ancient timber-frame buildings under seismic excitations[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2013(in Chinese))
[18]中国文化遗产研究院.应县木塔保护研究[M].北京:文物出版社,2016:342-345
[19]姚侃,赵鸿铁.木构古建筑柱与柱础的摩擦滑移隔震机理研究[J].工程力学,2006,23(8):127-131,159(Yao Kan,Zhao Hongtie.Study on the mechanism of sliding friction shock isolation between timber column and plinth in historical buildings[J].Engineering Machanics,2006,23(8):127-131,159(in Chinese))
[20]李义柱.不同松动程度下古建筑燕尾榫节点抗震性能试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015(Li Yizhu.Experimental study on seismic behavior of dovetail mortise-tenon joints under different loose degrees in ancient timber buildings[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2015(in Chinese))
[21]高大峰,祝松涛,丁新建.西安永宁门箭楼结构及抗震性能分析[J].山东大学学报:工学版,2013,43(2):62-69(Gao Dafeng,Zhu Songtao,Ding Xinjian.Analysis of structural and seismic performance of Yongning Gate embrasured watchtower of Xi’an City Wall[J].Journal of Shandong University:Engineering Science,2013,43(2):62-69(in Chinese))
[22]GB 50165-1992古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992(GB 50165-1992 Technical code for maintenance and strengthening of ancient timber buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1992(in Chinese))
[23]GB 50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016(GB 50011-2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016(in Chinese))
[24]Zhang Xicheng,Xue Jianyang,Zhao Hongtie,et al.Experimental study on Chinese ancient timber-frame building by shaking table test[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,2011,40(4):453-469