古建筑木结构叉柱造式斗栱节点抗震性能试验研究
|
摘要
斗栱是中国古建筑特有的形制,具有建筑装饰、传递荷载和耗能减震等综合作用。为研究叉柱造式斗栱节点的抗震性能,以独乐寺观音阁平座层叉柱造式斗栱为研究对象,参照宋《营造法式》三等材的营造方法,制作5个叉柱造式斗栱节点。通过低周反复荷载试验,研究叉柱造式斗栱节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、抗转动承载力、转动刚度、刚度退化和耗能等抗震性能,分析不同营造形式、不同竖向荷载等因素对斗栱节点抗震性能的影响以及双朵斗栱协同工作效应。试验结果表明:叉柱造式斗栱节点主要破坏形态是柱叉、散斗的劈裂,栌斗的开裂和受压屈服,枋弯曲断裂以及构件的分离与滑移。斗栱节点的弯矩-转角滞回曲线呈"S"形,滞回环"捏缩"效应明显;双枋斗栱节点的滞回曲线对称性好,而单枋斗栱节点的正、负向滞回曲线显著不对称。斗栱节点弯矩-转角骨架曲线的发展过程可划分为基本弹性阶段、弹塑性上升阶段和平稳破坏阶段三个阶段,并根据试验结果建立斗栱节点的弯矩-转角简化计算模型。竖向荷载越大,节点抗转动承载力和转动刚度越大,根据试验结果建立斗栱节点转动刚度的竖向荷载影响系数计算公式。研究成果对我国叉柱造式古建筑木结构的保护具有重要参考价值。
As a peculiar shape in Chinese buildings,"Dougong"has the functions of building decoration,load transfer and seismic energy dissipation. The "Dougong"joints of Guan Yin Pavilion of Dule Temple are selected as investigation objects. Based on the dimensional requirements in the Fabrication Methods of Song Dynasty' s third-class material system,five "Dougong " joint models were made. Their seismic behaviors and changing laws, such as failure characteristics,hysteretic behaviors,bearing capacity,degeneration of stiffness and energy dissipation were analyzed by the low cyclic reversed loading experiments. The influence factors of "Dougong " joint' s seismic performance were considered,including different construction forms,different vertical loads and two "Dougong"joints' coordination work effect. The results show that the main failure patterns are splitting of column fork and hash bucket,cracking and compressive yielding of cap block,bending fracture of Fangs,separation and slipping between components. The hysteretic curves behave as S shape and the curves have obvious "gathering effect". The hysteretic curves of two-Fangs"Dougong"joint model have better symmetry than single-Fang"Dougong"joint model. The skeleton curve development process can be divided into three phases,i. e. basic rise in elastic stage,elastic-plastic stage and steady stage. Based on the test results,the bending moment-rotation simplified model is established. The rotation capacity and flexural rigidity of models increase with the vertical load. The relationship formula between "Dougong"rotational stiffness and vertical load is proposed. The research results can provide reference for seismic assessment of existing ancient timber structure buildings with fork-column "Dougong"joints.
As a peculiar shape in Chinese buildings,"Dougong"has the functions of building decoration,load transfer and seismic energy dissipation. The "Dougong"joints of Guan Yin Pavilion of Dule Temple are selected as investigation objects. Based on the dimensional requirements in the Fabrication Methods of Song Dynasty' s third-class material system,five "Dougong " joint models were made. Their seismic behaviors and changing laws, such as failure characteristics,hysteretic behaviors,bearing capacity,degeneration of stiffness and energy dissipation were analyzed by the low cyclic reversed loading experiments. The influence factors of "Dougong " joint' s seismic performance were considered,including different construction forms,different vertical loads and two "Dougong"joints' coordination work effect. The results show that the main failure patterns are splitting of column fork and hash bucket,cracking and compressive yielding of cap block,bending fracture of Fangs,separation and slipping between components. The hysteretic curves behave as S shape and the curves have obvious "gathering effect". The hysteretic curves of two-Fangs"Dougong"joint model have better symmetry than single-Fang"Dougong"joint model. The skeleton curve development process can be divided into three phases,i. e. basic rise in elastic stage,elastic-plastic stage and steady stage. Based on the test results,the bending moment-rotation simplified model is established. The rotation capacity and flexural rigidity of models increase with the vertical load. The relationship formula between "Dougong"rotational stiffness and vertical load is proposed. The research results can provide reference for seismic assessment of existing ancient timber structure buildings with fork-column "Dougong"joints.
引文
[1]赵均海,俞茂宏,杨松岩,等.中国古建筑木结构斗拱的动力实验研究[J].实验力学,1999,14(1):106-112(Zhao Junhai,Yu Maohong,Yang Songyan,et al.An experimental study for the dynamic characteristics of“Dougong”-one of the wooden structure parts in ancient architecture of China[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1999,14(1):106-112(in Chinese))
[2]高大峰,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古代大木作结构斗栱竖向承载力的试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(3):56-61(Gao Dafeng,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study on structural behavior of Dougong under the vertical action in Chinese ancient timber structure[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(3):56-61(in Chinese))
[3]张鹏程,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.斗栱结构功能试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(1):102-106(Zhang Pengcheng,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experiment research on structural performance of Dougong[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(1):102-106(in Chinese))
[4]隋?,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.古建木构铺作层侧向刚度的试验研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(3):74-78(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study on lateral stiffness of Dougong layer in Chinese historic buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(3):74-78(in Chinse))
[5]隋?,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古建筑木结构铺作层与柱架抗震试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(1):50-57(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study of the seismicity of Dougong and wooden frame in Chinese historic buildings[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(1):50-57(in Chinese))
[6]肖碧勇.应县木塔斗栱解读及二层明层柱头斗栱传力机理研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010(Xiao Biyong.Structural interpretation of Brackets and study on force transfer mechanism of Braket sets on the second floor eave column in Yingxian wooden Pagoda[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2010(in Chinese))
[7]袁建力,陈韦,王珏,等.应县木塔斗栱模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(7):66-72(Yuan Jianli,Chen Wei,Wang Jue,et al.Experimental research on bracket set models of Yingxian Timber Pagoda[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(7):66-72(in Chinese))
[8]陈志勇.应县木塔典型节点及结构受力性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011(Chen Zhiyong.Behaviour of typical joints and the structure of Yingxian Wood Pagoda[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011(in Chinese))
[9]陈明达.独乐寺观音阁、山门的大木作制度(上)[C]//张复合.建筑史论文集(第15辑).北京:清华大学出版社,2002:71-88(Chen Mingda.Executive summary of the system of the main wooden structure embedded in the buddhisattva pavilion and the main entrance of the Du Le Temple(Volumn I)[C]//Zhang Fuhe.Treatises on History of Architecture(Vol.15).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002:71-88(in Chinese))
[10]李诫(宋).营造法式[M].上海:商务印书馆,1954
[11]潘德华.斗栱[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004
[12]陈明达.独乐寺观音阁、山门的大木作制度(下)[C]//张复合.建筑史论文集(第16辑).北京:清华大学出版社,2002:10-30(Chen Mingda.Executive summary of the system of the main wooden structure embedded in the buddhisattva pavilion and the main entrance of the Du Le Temple(VolumnⅡ)[C]//Zhang Fuhe.Treatises on History of Architecture(Vol.16).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002:10-30(in Chinese))
[2]高大峰,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古代大木作结构斗栱竖向承载力的试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(3):56-61(Gao Dafeng,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study on structural behavior of Dougong under the vertical action in Chinese ancient timber structure[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(3):56-61(in Chinese))
[3]张鹏程,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.斗栱结构功能试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(1):102-106(Zhang Pengcheng,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experiment research on structural performance of Dougong[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(1):102-106(in Chinese))
[4]隋?,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.古建木构铺作层侧向刚度的试验研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(3):74-78(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study on lateral stiffness of Dougong layer in Chinese historic buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(3):74-78(in Chinse))
[5]隋?,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古建筑木结构铺作层与柱架抗震试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(1):50-57(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study of the seismicity of Dougong and wooden frame in Chinese historic buildings[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(1):50-57(in Chinese))
[6]肖碧勇.应县木塔斗栱解读及二层明层柱头斗栱传力机理研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010(Xiao Biyong.Structural interpretation of Brackets and study on force transfer mechanism of Braket sets on the second floor eave column in Yingxian wooden Pagoda[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2010(in Chinese))
[7]袁建力,陈韦,王珏,等.应县木塔斗栱模型试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(7):66-72(Yuan Jianli,Chen Wei,Wang Jue,et al.Experimental research on bracket set models of Yingxian Timber Pagoda[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(7):66-72(in Chinese))
[8]陈志勇.应县木塔典型节点及结构受力性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011(Chen Zhiyong.Behaviour of typical joints and the structure of Yingxian Wood Pagoda[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011(in Chinese))
[9]陈明达.独乐寺观音阁、山门的大木作制度(上)[C]//张复合.建筑史论文集(第15辑).北京:清华大学出版社,2002:71-88(Chen Mingda.Executive summary of the system of the main wooden structure embedded in the buddhisattva pavilion and the main entrance of the Du Le Temple(Volumn I)[C]//Zhang Fuhe.Treatises on History of Architecture(Vol.15).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002:71-88(in Chinese))
[10]李诫(宋).营造法式[M].上海:商务印书馆,1954
[11]潘德华.斗栱[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2004
[12]陈明达.独乐寺观音阁、山门的大木作制度(下)[C]//张复合.建筑史论文集(第16辑).北京:清华大学出版社,2002:10-30(Chen Mingda.Executive summary of the system of the main wooden structure embedded in the buddhisattva pavilion and the main entrance of the Du Le Temple(VolumnⅡ)[C]//Zhang Fuhe.Treatises on History of Architecture(Vol.16).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002:10-30(in Chinese))