不同转群时间及喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同的转群时间及转群前后喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响,优化仔猪断奶转群模式,试验选择28日龄、断奶体重(7.00±0.50)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪192头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复16头。采用2×2两因素试验设计,分别探讨不同转群时间(08∶00、20∶00)及是否喷洒精油(喷洒、不喷洒)对断奶仔猪腹泻率、死亡率、血液生化指标、氧化指标及免疫指标的影响。结果表明:转群后1、8、24h,各试验组仔猪血清总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);转群后1和8h,晚上转群组仔猪血糖(GLU)含量低于早上转群理组,喷洒精油后GLU进一步降低;仔猪转群后1、8、24h,各试验组仔猪血清中皮质醇(COR)和丙二醛(MDA)水平随转群后时间的增加而降低。转群后1和8h,喷洒精油的两组仔猪血清MDA水平显著低于不喷组(P<0.05),24h后血清COR水平显著下降(P<0.05);转群后1、8、24h,各处理组仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量无显著差异(P>0.05),转群后1和24h,早上转群但不喷洒精油组仔猪血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)与晚上转群且不喷洒精油组无显著差异(P>0.05),而喷洒精油后,IL-10水平均显著下降(P<0.05),以晚上转群且喷洒精油组仔猪血清IL-10水平最低。综上所述,晚上转群对断奶仔猪的应激程度小于早上转群,喷洒精油能进一步缓解应激,晚上转群并喷洒精油是减少仔猪断奶转群的理想模式。
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of transfer time and spraying essential oil on weanling stress of weaned piglets so as to optimize the model of transfer,192 28-day-old Duroc pig×Large White pig× Yorkshire pig crossed weaned piglets with(7.00±0.50)kg body weight were chosen and divided into 4 groups with three repeats per group and 16 piglets per repeat.2×2 orthogonal design was used to discuss the effects of different transfer time(08∶00 and20∶00)and the spraying essential oil(spraying or not spraying)on diarrhea rate,mortality,blood biochemical indexes,oxidation indexes and immune indexes of weaned piglets.The results showed that there were no significant difference of serum TP and ALB levels among the experimental groups at 1,8 and 24 hafter transfer(P>0.05).The serum GLU of weaned piglets in groups transfered at 20∶00 was lower than that transfered at 08∶00,and that was lower after sprayed essential oil.The serum COR and MDA level were reduced with the increasing of post-transfer time.The MDA level of groups spraying essential oil were significantly decreased than that not spraying essential oil at 1 and 8 hafter transfer(P<0.05),and the COR level was significantly decreased at 24 hafter transfer(P<0.05).There were no significant differences of serum IgA,IgM and IgG levels among the experimental groups at 1,8 and 24 hafter transfer(P>0.05).There was no significant difference of IL-10 level in groups when transfered at different time,while it was significantly decreased when sprayed essential oil(P<0.05),and that was lowest in group transfered at 20∶00 and sprayed essential oil.In conclusion,the weanling stress was lower when piglets transfered in at 20∶00 than at 08∶00,and spraying essential oil could further relieve stress reaction,it was an ideal model to reduce piglets weaning stress when transfered in the evening and sprayed essential oil.
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of transfer time and spraying essential oil on weanling stress of weaned piglets so as to optimize the model of transfer,192 28-day-old Duroc pig×Large White pig× Yorkshire pig crossed weaned piglets with(7.00±0.50)kg body weight were chosen and divided into 4 groups with three repeats per group and 16 piglets per repeat.2×2 orthogonal design was used to discuss the effects of different transfer time(08∶00 and20∶00)and the spraying essential oil(spraying or not spraying)on diarrhea rate,mortality,blood biochemical indexes,oxidation indexes and immune indexes of weaned piglets.The results showed that there were no significant difference of serum TP and ALB levels among the experimental groups at 1,8 and 24 hafter transfer(P>0.05).The serum GLU of weaned piglets in groups transfered at 20∶00 was lower than that transfered at 08∶00,and that was lower after sprayed essential oil.The serum COR and MDA level were reduced with the increasing of post-transfer time.The MDA level of groups spraying essential oil were significantly decreased than that not spraying essential oil at 1 and 8 hafter transfer(P<0.05),and the COR level was significantly decreased at 24 hafter transfer(P<0.05).There were no significant differences of serum IgA,IgM and IgG levels among the experimental groups at 1,8 and 24 hafter transfer(P>0.05).There was no significant difference of IL-10 level in groups when transfered at different time,while it was significantly decreased when sprayed essential oil(P<0.05),and that was lowest in group transfered at 20∶00 and sprayed essential oil.In conclusion,the weanling stress was lower when piglets transfered in at 20∶00 than at 08∶00,and spraying essential oil could further relieve stress reaction,it was an ideal model to reduce piglets weaning stress when transfered in the evening and sprayed essential oil.
引文
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[3]陈静,刘显军,边连全,等.仔猪免疫系统的建立及早期断奶对仔猪免疫功能的影响研究[J].吉林农业科学,2011,36(1):35-40.CHEN J,LIU X J,BIAN L Q,et al.Study on the establishment of piglet immune system and the effect of early weaning on the immune function of piglets[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences,2011,36(1):35-40.(in Chinese)
[4]邓灶福.不同温度对仔猪日增重的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2006,27(3):18-21.DENG Z F.Effects of different temperatures on the daily weight gain of piglets[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2006,27(3):18-21.(in Chinese)
[5]侯君建.断奶应激对仔猪行为和生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006.HOU J J.Effects of weaning stress on piglet behavior and growth[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese)
[6]李千军,高荣玲.规模化猪场生产与经营管理手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.LI Q J,GAO R L.Handbook of Production and Operation(in Chinese)Management of Large-scale Pig Farms[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[7]陈如水,付瑞珍,魏凤仙.发酵豆粕和植物精油对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2014,1:18-21.CHEN R S,FU R Z,WEI F X.Effects of fermented soybean meal and plant essential oil on the production performance of weaned pigs[J].Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2014,1:18-21.(in Chinese)
[8]刘猛.植物精油对仔猪生产性能、肠道微生物及免疫性能的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.LIU M.Effects of plant essential oil on production performance,intestinal microbial and immune performance of piglets[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2011.(in Chinese)
[9]胡忆雪,张楠,杨森艳,等.4种芳香植物精油抗焦虑作用的评价[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(4):58-63.HU Y X,ZHANG N,YANG S Y,et al.The evaluation of the anti-anxiety effects of four aromatic plant oils[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2013,31(4):58-63.(in Chinese)
[10]SHEN J,NIJIMA A,TANIDA M,et al.Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves,lipolysis and appetite in rats[J].Neuroscience Letters,2005,383(1-2):188-193.
[11]杜会坡,张利国,孟召川.早期断奶仔猪腹泻原因及防制措施[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2013,8:94-95.DU H P,ZHANG L G,MENG Z C.Causes of diarrhea and prevention measures of early weaned piglets[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Digest,2013,8:94-95.(in Chinese)
[12]方秋红,侯永清,赵迪,等.植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,17:44-47.FANG Q H,HOU Y Q,ZHAO D,et al.Effects of plant essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2014,17:44-47.(in Chinese)
[13]方热军,李美君,周学彬,等.植物精油提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(16):9-12.FANG R J,LI M J,ZHOU X B,et al.Effects of extracts from plant essential oils on performance and blood biochemical indices of weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(16):9-12.(in Chinese)
[14]梁玉玲,戴卫波,陆丹倩.香薰中药消毒液对病房常见菌的抑制作用研究[J].中国现代药物应用,2015,15:278-280.LIANG Y L,DAI W B,LU D Q.Research of inhibition effect by aroma Chinese herb disinfectant for common bacteria in ward[J].Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application,2015,15:278-280.(in Chinese)
[15]杨培歌,顾宪红.应激对猪生产性能、行为及血液理化指标影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(1):111-116.YANG P G,GU X H.Research progress on effects of stress on production performance,behavior and blood physical and chemical indexes of swine[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(1):111-116.(in Chinese)
[16]冷静,朱仁俊.不同日龄断奶应激对仔猪血液生化和免疫指标的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1853-1854.LENG J,ZHU R J.Effects of different day-age weaning stress on blood biochemical and immunological indices in piglets[J].Anhui Agricultural Science,2010,38(4):1853-1854.(in Chinese)
[17]巨向红,雍艳红,何健嫦,等.热应激对巴马香猪免疫和生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):51-54.JU X H,YONG Y H,HE J C,et al.Effects of heat stress on immunological and biochemical indices of Bama pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2009,45(13):51-54.(in Chinese)
[18]杨世锦,郭定宗.屠宰应激对长大猪与杜洛克血清酶与甲状腺素类激素的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2000,19(2):151-153.YANG S J,GUO D Z.Effects of slaughter stress on serum enzymes and thyroid hormones in growing pigs and Duroc[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2000,19(2):151-153.(in Chinese)
[19]郭广宏,谷峰,董振南,等.重大突发事件时机体主动应激与被动应激导致的代谢差异研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2010,30(5):1200-1202.GUO G H,GU F,DONG Z N,et al.Study on metabolic differences caused by active stress and passive stress during major emergencies[J].Journal of Southern Medical University,2010,30(5):1200-1202.(in Chinese)
[20]DRESCHEL N A,GRANGE D A.Physiological and behavioral reactivity to stress in thunderstorm-phobic dogs and their caregivers[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,95(3-4):153-168.
[21]HORVATH Z,LGYARTO B Z,MAGYAR A,et al.Three different coping styles in police dogs exposed to a short-term challenge[J].Hormones&Behavior,2007,52(5):621-630.
[22]张飞,许静波,沈国顺.黄芪多糖对早期断奶仔猪血清中SOD、MDA及NO的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(15):22-23.ZHANG F,XU J B,SHEN G S.Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on SOD,MDA and NO in early weaned pig serum[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(15):22-23.(in Chinese)
[23]YONEZAWA T,KOORI M,TAKEFUMI K,et al.Appeasing pheromones inhibits cortisol augmentation and agonistic behaviours during social stress in adult miniature pigs[J].Zoological Science,2009,26(11):739-744.
[24]吕琼霞,张书霞,赵茹茜.运输应激对猪脾脏lL-2、IL-6和IL-10mRNAs表达的影响及其调控机制[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(3):578-584.LV Q X,ZHANG S X,ZHAO R Q.The effects of transport stress on expression of the spleen lL-2,IL-6and IL-10mRNAs and their regulatory mechanism[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(3):578-584.(in Chinese)
[2]BENOIT L,MICHELE D M,CLAIRE C.Ultra-early weaning in piglets results in low serum IgA concentration and IL17 mRNA expression[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2010,137(3-4):261-268.
[3]陈静,刘显军,边连全,等.仔猪免疫系统的建立及早期断奶对仔猪免疫功能的影响研究[J].吉林农业科学,2011,36(1):35-40.CHEN J,LIU X J,BIAN L Q,et al.Study on the establishment of piglet immune system and the effect of early weaning on the immune function of piglets[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences,2011,36(1):35-40.(in Chinese)
[4]邓灶福.不同温度对仔猪日增重的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2006,27(3):18-21.DENG Z F.Effects of different temperatures on the daily weight gain of piglets[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2006,27(3):18-21.(in Chinese)
[5]侯君建.断奶应激对仔猪行为和生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006.HOU J J.Effects of weaning stress on piglet behavior and growth[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese)
[6]李千军,高荣玲.规模化猪场生产与经营管理手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.LI Q J,GAO R L.Handbook of Production and Operation(in Chinese)Management of Large-scale Pig Farms[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[7]陈如水,付瑞珍,魏凤仙.发酵豆粕和植物精油对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2014,1:18-21.CHEN R S,FU R Z,WEI F X.Effects of fermented soybean meal and plant essential oil on the production performance of weaned pigs[J].Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2014,1:18-21.(in Chinese)
[8]刘猛.植物精油对仔猪生产性能、肠道微生物及免疫性能的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.LIU M.Effects of plant essential oil on production performance,intestinal microbial and immune performance of piglets[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2011.(in Chinese)
[9]胡忆雪,张楠,杨森艳,等.4种芳香植物精油抗焦虑作用的评价[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(4):58-63.HU Y X,ZHANG N,YANG S Y,et al.The evaluation of the anti-anxiety effects of four aromatic plant oils[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),2013,31(4):58-63.(in Chinese)
[10]SHEN J,NIJIMA A,TANIDA M,et al.Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves,lipolysis and appetite in rats[J].Neuroscience Letters,2005,383(1-2):188-193.
[11]杜会坡,张利国,孟召川.早期断奶仔猪腹泻原因及防制措施[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2013,8:94-95.DU H P,ZHANG L G,MENG Z C.Causes of diarrhea and prevention measures of early weaned piglets[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Digest,2013,8:94-95.(in Chinese)
[12]方秋红,侯永清,赵迪,等.植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,17:44-47.FANG Q H,HOU Y Q,ZHAO D,et al.Effects of plant essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical indexes of weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2014,17:44-47.(in Chinese)
[13]方热军,李美君,周学彬,等.植物精油提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(16):9-12.FANG R J,LI M J,ZHOU X B,et al.Effects of extracts from plant essential oils on performance and blood biochemical indices of weaned piglets[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(16):9-12.(in Chinese)
[14]梁玉玲,戴卫波,陆丹倩.香薰中药消毒液对病房常见菌的抑制作用研究[J].中国现代药物应用,2015,15:278-280.LIANG Y L,DAI W B,LU D Q.Research of inhibition effect by aroma Chinese herb disinfectant for common bacteria in ward[J].Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application,2015,15:278-280.(in Chinese)
[15]杨培歌,顾宪红.应激对猪生产性能、行为及血液理化指标影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(1):111-116.YANG P G,GU X H.Research progress on effects of stress on production performance,behavior and blood physical and chemical indexes of swine[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(1):111-116.(in Chinese)
[16]冷静,朱仁俊.不同日龄断奶应激对仔猪血液生化和免疫指标的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1853-1854.LENG J,ZHU R J.Effects of different day-age weaning stress on blood biochemical and immunological indices in piglets[J].Anhui Agricultural Science,2010,38(4):1853-1854.(in Chinese)
[17]巨向红,雍艳红,何健嫦,等.热应激对巴马香猪免疫和生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):51-54.JU X H,YONG Y H,HE J C,et al.Effects of heat stress on immunological and biochemical indices of Bama pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2009,45(13):51-54.(in Chinese)
[18]杨世锦,郭定宗.屠宰应激对长大猪与杜洛克血清酶与甲状腺素类激素的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2000,19(2):151-153.YANG S J,GUO D Z.Effects of slaughter stress on serum enzymes and thyroid hormones in growing pigs and Duroc[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2000,19(2):151-153.(in Chinese)
[19]郭广宏,谷峰,董振南,等.重大突发事件时机体主动应激与被动应激导致的代谢差异研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2010,30(5):1200-1202.GUO G H,GU F,DONG Z N,et al.Study on metabolic differences caused by active stress and passive stress during major emergencies[J].Journal of Southern Medical University,2010,30(5):1200-1202.(in Chinese)
[20]DRESCHEL N A,GRANGE D A.Physiological and behavioral reactivity to stress in thunderstorm-phobic dogs and their caregivers[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,95(3-4):153-168.
[21]HORVATH Z,LGYARTO B Z,MAGYAR A,et al.Three different coping styles in police dogs exposed to a short-term challenge[J].Hormones&Behavior,2007,52(5):621-630.
[22]张飞,许静波,沈国顺.黄芪多糖对早期断奶仔猪血清中SOD、MDA及NO的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(15):22-23.ZHANG F,XU J B,SHEN G S.Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on SOD,MDA and NO in early weaned pig serum[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(15):22-23.(in Chinese)
[23]YONEZAWA T,KOORI M,TAKEFUMI K,et al.Appeasing pheromones inhibits cortisol augmentation and agonistic behaviours during social stress in adult miniature pigs[J].Zoological Science,2009,26(11):739-744.
[24]吕琼霞,张书霞,赵茹茜.运输应激对猪脾脏lL-2、IL-6和IL-10mRNAs表达的影响及其调控机制[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(3):578-584.LV Q X,ZHANG S X,ZHAO R Q.The effects of transport stress on expression of the spleen lL-2,IL-6and IL-10mRNAs and their regulatory mechanism[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(3):578-584.(in Chinese)