地应力各向异性致密砂岩地层声反射测井正演模拟
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摘要
为研究地应力各向异性对偶极子声反射测井中井外地质构造处形成的反射波的影响,以致密砂岩为例,采用时域有限差分方法,结合混合完全匹配层(Hybrid-PML)吸收边界,利用地应力各向异性模型建立不同方位角反射界面的声反射测井模型,正演模拟研究各向同性和地应力各向异性致密砂岩地层中的正交偶极子声反射测井,通过对比反射波分析地应力各向异性对偶极子声反射测井的影响。结果表明:对于偶极反射波,地应力各向异性导致横波速度增大以及界面处反射系数减小,因此SV-SV反射波到时和幅度减小;在中短源距范围内,地应力各向异性也会导致SH-SH反射波到时和幅度的减小,但在长源距条件下,地应力各向异性地层存在的非均质性使得各向异性模型中SH-SH反射波的幅度与各向同性模型基本一致。可见,在地层剖面的偏移成像中,需要考虑地应力各向异性对偶极反射波的影响。
In order to study the influence of stress-induced anisotropy on dipole reflection signals,isotropic and stress-induced anisotropic tight sandstone models with a reflector with different azimuth angles away from the borehole were built,then finite difference method combined with hybrid perfectly matched layer( hybrid-PML) absorbing boundary condition was used to simulate dipole acoustic reflection logging in the models. Then the influence of stress-induced anisotropy on reflection signals is analyzed through the comparison of reflection signals between isotropic and stress-induced anisotropic acoustic reflection models. As the synthetic results shows,for the dipole reflection signals,since stress-induced anisotropy results in larger shear wave velocity and smaller reflection coefficient at the reflection interface,the arrival time and amplitude of SV-SV reflected wave get smaller; at short and medium spacings,stress-induced anisotropy will also result in smaller arrival time and amplitude of SH-SH reflected wave,however,at long spacing,due to the formation heterogeneity resulted from stress-induced anisotropy,the amplitude of SH-SH reflected wave is basically the same as that in the isotropic tight sandstone model. It is concluded that the influence of stress-induced anisotropy on dipole reflection signals should be taken account of in the immigration and imaging process of formation profile.
In order to study the influence of stress-induced anisotropy on dipole reflection signals,isotropic and stress-induced anisotropic tight sandstone models with a reflector with different azimuth angles away from the borehole were built,then finite difference method combined with hybrid perfectly matched layer( hybrid-PML) absorbing boundary condition was used to simulate dipole acoustic reflection logging in the models. Then the influence of stress-induced anisotropy on reflection signals is analyzed through the comparison of reflection signals between isotropic and stress-induced anisotropic acoustic reflection models. As the synthetic results shows,for the dipole reflection signals,since stress-induced anisotropy results in larger shear wave velocity and smaller reflection coefficient at the reflection interface,the arrival time and amplitude of SV-SV reflected wave get smaller; at short and medium spacings,stress-induced anisotropy will also result in smaller arrival time and amplitude of SH-SH reflected wave,however,at long spacing,due to the formation heterogeneity resulted from stress-induced anisotropy,the amplitude of SH-SH reflected wave is basically the same as that in the isotropic tight sandstone model. It is concluded that the influence of stress-induced anisotropy on dipole reflection signals should be taken account of in the immigration and imaging process of formation profile.
引文
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15 Rai C S,Hanson K E. Shear-wave velocity anisotropy in sedimentary rocks:a laboratory study[J]. Geophysics,1988,53:800-806
16 Sinha B K,Kostek S. Identification of stress induced anisotropy in formations:US5398215 A[P]. 1995-03-14
17 Winkler K W,Sinha B K,Plona T J. Effects of borehole stress concentrations on dipole anisotropy measurements[J]. Geophysics,1998,63:11-17
18 Zhang K,Tao G,Li J X,et al. 3D FDM modeling of acoustic reflection logging in a deviated well[C]//76th Eage Annual Meeting Symposium. Houten:European Association of Geoscientists&Engineers,2014:1-5
19 Liu H,Wang B,Tao G,et al. Study on the simulation of acoustic logging measurements in horizontal and deviated wells[J]. Applied Geophysics,2017,14(3):337-350
20 Jaeger J C,Cook N G W. Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].London:Halsted Press,1977:51-53
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2 邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等.“连续型”气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布——以四川盆地须家河组煤系大气区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhu Rukai,et al. Formation and distribution of“continuous”gas reservoirs and their giant gas province:a case from the upper Triassic Xujiahe formation giant gas Province,Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):307-319
3 邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.“连续型”油气藏及其在全球的重要性:成藏、分布与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):669-682Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Yuan Xuanjun,et al. Global importance of“continuous”petroleum reservoirs:accumulation,distribution and evaluation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):669-682
4 邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.连续型油气藏形成条件与分布特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):324-331Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Yuan Xuanjun,et al. The formation conditions and distribution characteristics of continuous petroleum accumulations[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):324-331
5 Hornby B E. Imaging of near-borehole structure using full-waveform sonic data[J]. Geophysics,1989,54(6):747-757
6 Esmersoy C,Chang C,Tichelaar B,et al. Acoustic imaging of reservoir structure from a horizontal well[J]. The Leading Edge,1998,17(7):940-946
7 Coates R,Kane M,Chang C,et al. Single-well sonic imaging:highresolution reservoir cross-sections from horizontal wells[C]//SPE/Peteoleum Society of CIM International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology. Calgary:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2000:6-8
8 Patterson D,Tang X M,Ratigan J. High-resolution borehole acoustic imaging through a salt dome[C]//SEG Annual Meeting. Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2008:319-323
9 柴细元,张文瑞,王贵清,等.远探测声波反射波成像测井技术在裂缝性储层评价中的应用[J].测井技术,2009,33(6):539-543Chai Xiyuan,Zhang Wenrui,Wang Guiqing,et al. Application of remote exploration acoustic reflection imaging logging technique in fractured reservoir[J]. Well Logging Technology,2009,33(6):539-543
10 张承森,肖承文,刘兴礼,等.远探测声波测井在缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层评价中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):325-328Zhang Chengsen,Xiao Chengwen,Liu Xingli,et al. Application of remote detection acoustic reflection logging to fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir evaluation[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(3):325-328
11 谭强,徐思瑶,蔚宝华,等.基于钻井和测井数据的水平地应力分析新方法[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(30):1671-1815Tan Qiang,Xu Siyao,Yu Baohua,et al. A new horizontal geostress analysis method based on drilling and logging data[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(30):1671-1815
12 Cheng A,Cheng N Y,Tang X M. Identifying and estimating formation stress from borehole monopole and cross-dipole acoustic measurements[C]//SPWLA 40th Annual Logging Symposium. Oslo:Society of Petrophysicists&Well Log Analysts,1999:115-125
13 Tang X M,Cheng A. Quantitative borehole acoustic methods[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:20-43
14 黑创,雷豁,罗明璋,等.地应力条件下随钻四极子频散响应特征数值模拟及应用[J].科学技术与工程,2019,19(3):85-89Hei Chuang,Lei Huo,Luo Mingzhang,et al. Formation stress on quadrupole dispersion curves of logging-while-drilling:numerical simulation and application[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2019,19(3):85-89
15 Rai C S,Hanson K E. Shear-wave velocity anisotropy in sedimentary rocks:a laboratory study[J]. Geophysics,1988,53:800-806
16 Sinha B K,Kostek S. Identification of stress induced anisotropy in formations:US5398215 A[P]. 1995-03-14
17 Winkler K W,Sinha B K,Plona T J. Effects of borehole stress concentrations on dipole anisotropy measurements[J]. Geophysics,1998,63:11-17
18 Zhang K,Tao G,Li J X,et al. 3D FDM modeling of acoustic reflection logging in a deviated well[C]//76th Eage Annual Meeting Symposium. Houten:European Association of Geoscientists&Engineers,2014:1-5
19 Liu H,Wang B,Tao G,et al. Study on the simulation of acoustic logging measurements in horizontal and deviated wells[J]. Applied Geophysics,2017,14(3):337-350
20 Jaeger J C,Cook N G W. Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].London:Halsted Press,1977:51-53
21 刘金霞,崔志文,李刚,等,横向各向同性地层(VTI)井孔声弹效应对弯曲波的影响[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(10):3485-3492Liu Jinxia,Cui Zhiwen,Li Gang,et al. Acousoelastic effects on flexural waves in a borehole surrounded by a transversely isotropic(VTI)elastic solid[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(10):3485-3492