川北地区震旦系灯影组储层特征与主控因素
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摘要
近年来,四川盆地震旦系灯影组的油气勘探开发不断深入推进,川北地区作为后续勘探接替区,其灯影组储层的相关研究亟待进行。综合川北地区灯影组的地层、岩石及矿物特征,采用分析化验等手段揭示其储层特征,结果表明:灯二段、灯四段为川北地区灯影组储层发育层段,颗粒粘连白云岩、叠层状微生物白云岩和粉晶白云岩为主要储集岩类,次生溶孔、溶洞为主要储集空间;灯影组储层类型多样,发育孔-洞型、孔隙型、孔隙-裂缝型及溶洞型储层,以孔隙-裂缝型储层质量最佳。储层发育特征表明:滩丘沉积是灯影组储层发育的物质基础,后期岩溶改造是储层发育的关键;灯二段滩丘厚度相对更大,而储层物性相比灯四段较差。基于宏观储层演化和微观孔隙特征,建立了川北地区灯影组2种储层发育模式:灯二段以表生岩溶为储层发育的主控因素,见有不同期次白云石胶结和上覆地层细粒沉积物充填;灯四段以埋藏溶蚀为储层发育的主控因素,存在广泛的重结晶造成的溶蚀、溶蚀流体中硅质组分对孔隙的充填、以及溶蚀孔隙中沥青对储层的保护。依据不同的岩溶模式,可预测灯二段、灯四段有利储层的发育位置:在潜流带与滩丘沉积体叠加的部位,灯二段储层发育最佳;自顶部向下,自台缘向台内,灯四段储层质量逐渐下降。
Dolomite reservoir of Sinian Dengying Formation in northern Sichuan Basin, an important field for following exploration, some issues about that need to be studied. Based on petrology observation and experimental analysis, it is shown that reservoirs mainly developed in rocks such as particle adhesion dolomite, laminated microorganism dolomite,and grained dolomite in Dengying Member-2 and Member-4, with major reservoir spaces of secondary dissolution pores and vugs. Among the four types of reservoirs including pore-vug, pore, pore-fracture, and vug, the reservoir quality of pore-fracture type is the best. As for the development of dolomite reservoir in Dengying Formation, the sediment of mound-shoal facies is the material basis, and the reconstruction of diagenesis is the key element. The total thickness of mound-shoal sediment of Member-2 is bigger than that of Member-4, but the porosity and permeability of Member-2 is smaller. Based on macroscopic evolution and microscopic pore features of the reservoir, two models are setup for Member-2 and Member-4 respectively. The epigenic karstification is predominant in Member-2 with the cementation of dolomites and the filling of slim sediments from overlying strata, while the burial dissolution is predominant in Member-4 with extensive dissolution accompanied by recrystallization and the filling of silicoide and asphalt in dissolution pores. According to the models, the good reservoirs in Dengying Member-2 develop at the overlap parts of hyporheic zone and mound-shoal, and the reservoirs in Member-4 go poor towards the inner part of the carbonate platform, and towards the lower part of the member.
Dolomite reservoir of Sinian Dengying Formation in northern Sichuan Basin, an important field for following exploration, some issues about that need to be studied. Based on petrology observation and experimental analysis, it is shown that reservoirs mainly developed in rocks such as particle adhesion dolomite, laminated microorganism dolomite,and grained dolomite in Dengying Member-2 and Member-4, with major reservoir spaces of secondary dissolution pores and vugs. Among the four types of reservoirs including pore-vug, pore, pore-fracture, and vug, the reservoir quality of pore-fracture type is the best. As for the development of dolomite reservoir in Dengying Formation, the sediment of mound-shoal facies is the material basis, and the reconstruction of diagenesis is the key element. The total thickness of mound-shoal sediment of Member-2 is bigger than that of Member-4, but the porosity and permeability of Member-2 is smaller. Based on macroscopic evolution and microscopic pore features of the reservoir, two models are setup for Member-2 and Member-4 respectively. The epigenic karstification is predominant in Member-2 with the cementation of dolomites and the filling of slim sediments from overlying strata, while the burial dissolution is predominant in Member-4 with extensive dissolution accompanied by recrystallization and the filling of silicoide and asphalt in dissolution pores. According to the models, the good reservoirs in Dengying Member-2 develop at the overlap parts of hyporheic zone and mound-shoal, and the reservoirs in Member-4 go poor towards the inner part of the carbonate platform, and towards the lower part of the member.
引文
[1]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地震旦系—寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.
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[7]刘宏,罗思聪,谭秀成,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组古岩溶地貌恢复及意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):283-293.
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[11]单秀琴,张静,张宝民,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):17-29.
[12]刘树根,王一刚,孙玮,等.拉张槽对四川盆地海相油气分布的控制作用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(1):1-23.
[13]刘树根,孙玮,罗志立,等.兴凯地裂运动与四川盆地下组合油气勘探[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(5):511-520.
[14]冯明友,强子同,沈平,等.四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组热液白云岩证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):587-598.
[15]冯明友,伍鹏程,鄢晓荣,等.四川峨边震旦系灯影组三段泥页岩地球化学特征及地质意义[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2017,36(3):493-501.
[16]张杰,BRIAN J,潘立银,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组葡萄状白云岩成因[J].古地理学报,2014,16(5):715-725.
[17]林孝先,彭军,闫建平,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组葡萄状白云岩成因讨论[J].古地理学报,2015,17(6):755-770.
[18]彭瀚霖,刘树根,宋金民,等.川北米仓山地区灯影组微生物碳酸盐岩发育特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(2):181-191.
[19]施泽进,梁平,王勇,等.川东南地区灯影组葡萄石地球化学特征及成因分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2263-2271.
[20]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等. TSR对深部碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造:四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2182-2194.
[21]李晓静,王振宇,张云峰,等.塔中隆起上奥陶统埋藏溶蚀特征及发育模式研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2011,13(3):17-20.
[22]管宏林,王恕一,蒋小琼.普光气田埋藏溶孔特征及识别标志[J].天然气工业,2010,30(3):31-34,128.
[2]罗冰,杨跃明,罗文军,等.川中古隆起灯影组储层发育控制因素及展布[J].石油学报,2015,36(4):416-426.
[3]魏国齐,谢增业,宋家荣,等.四川盆地川中古隆起震旦系—寒武系天然气特征及成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):702-711.
[4]谢增业,魏国齐,李剑,等.中国海相碳酸盐岩大气田成藏特征与模式[J].石油学报,2013,34(增刊1):29-40.
[5]杨雨,黄先平,张健,等.四川盆地寒武系沉积前震旦系顶界岩溶地貌特征及其地质意义[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):38-43.
[6]汪泽成,姜华,王铜山,等.四川盆地桐湾期古地貌特征及成藏意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):305-312.
[7]刘宏,罗思聪,谭秀成,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组古岩溶地貌恢复及意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):283-293.
[8]周进高,张建勇,邓红婴,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组岩相古地理与沉积模式[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):24-31.
[9]姚根顺,郝毅,周进高,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层储集空间的形成与演化[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):31-37.
[10]斯春松,郝毅,周进高,等.四川盆地灯影组储层特征及主控因素[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(3):266-273.
[11]单秀琴,张静,张宝民,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):17-29.
[12]刘树根,王一刚,孙玮,等.拉张槽对四川盆地海相油气分布的控制作用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(1):1-23.
[13]刘树根,孙玮,罗志立,等.兴凯地裂运动与四川盆地下组合油气勘探[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(5):511-520.
[14]冯明友,强子同,沈平,等.四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组热液白云岩证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):587-598.
[15]冯明友,伍鹏程,鄢晓荣,等.四川峨边震旦系灯影组三段泥页岩地球化学特征及地质意义[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2017,36(3):493-501.
[16]张杰,BRIAN J,潘立银,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组葡萄状白云岩成因[J].古地理学报,2014,16(5):715-725.
[17]林孝先,彭军,闫建平,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组葡萄状白云岩成因讨论[J].古地理学报,2015,17(6):755-770.
[18]彭瀚霖,刘树根,宋金民,等.川北米仓山地区灯影组微生物碳酸盐岩发育特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(2):181-191.
[19]施泽进,梁平,王勇,等.川东南地区灯影组葡萄石地球化学特征及成因分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2263-2271.
[20]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等. TSR对深部碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造:四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2182-2194.
[21]李晓静,王振宇,张云峰,等.塔中隆起上奥陶统埋藏溶蚀特征及发育模式研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2011,13(3):17-20.
[22]管宏林,王恕一,蒋小琼.普光气田埋藏溶孔特征及识别标志[J].天然气工业,2010,30(3):31-34,128.