准噶尔盆地南缘建功煤矿剖面齐古组河流沉积与砂体构型
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摘要
在沉积学和构型要素分析法的指导下,对准噶尔盆地南缘建功煤矿剖面上侏罗统齐古组曲流河砂体进行了构型分析,统计了构型要素和河道砂体的规模和形态,划分了叠置类型。建功煤矿剖面主要发育7种岩石相类型,通过砂体构型分析,识别出6级层级界面,划分出4种构型要素。当可容纳空间增大量(A)与沉积物供给增加量(S)的比值(A/S)大于1时,发育孤立型砂体;随着A/S值减小至1附近时,发育桥接型和叠合型砂体;当A/S值小于1时,发育切叠型砂体。齐古组沉积期,气候炎热干旱,头屯河组沉积期宽阔的湖面下降,建功煤矿剖面发育水深约33.3 m、宽约139.2 m的砂质曲流河,河流满岸宽度约805.2 m,单一曲流带宽度约6 405.2 m.齐古组沉积期A/S值先减小后增大,早期发育孤立型砂体和泛滥湖泊砂体;中期发育桥接型砂体、叠合型砂体和切叠型砂体;后期再次以发育孤立型砂体为主。
Guided by the theories of sedimentary and architecture element analysis, the paper analyzed the architecture elements of the meandering river sand body in Upper Jurassic Qigu formation in the southern margin of Junggar basin, counted the scale and shapes of the architecture elements and sand bodies and classified the superimposition types. In this field outcrop, 7 lithofacies are found, boundaries with6 levels are classified and 4 key architectural elements are identified. When the A/S is bigger than 1, the isolated channel sand bodies are developed. As the A/S decreases and approaches to 1, the bridging channel sand bodies and superimposed channel sand bodies are developed. When the A/S is smaller than 1, the truncated channel sand bodies are developed. During the deposition of Qigu formation, the climate was arid and hot. During the deposition of Toutunhe formation, the broad lake level dropped, a sandy meandering river formed with the depth of about 33.3 m, width of 139.2 m, bankfull width of 805.2 m and single meander belt width of 6405.2 m. In the early stage of the deposition of Qigu formation, the A/S was smaller than 1, corresponding to the development of isolated channel and flood lake sand bodies,in the middle stage, the bridging channel sand bodies, superimposed channel sand bodies and the truncated channel sand bodies were developed. In the late stage, the A/S increased again corresponding to the development of the isolated channel sand bodies.
Guided by the theories of sedimentary and architecture element analysis, the paper analyzed the architecture elements of the meandering river sand body in Upper Jurassic Qigu formation in the southern margin of Junggar basin, counted the scale and shapes of the architecture elements and sand bodies and classified the superimposition types. In this field outcrop, 7 lithofacies are found, boundaries with6 levels are classified and 4 key architectural elements are identified. When the A/S is bigger than 1, the isolated channel sand bodies are developed. As the A/S decreases and approaches to 1, the bridging channel sand bodies and superimposed channel sand bodies are developed. When the A/S is smaller than 1, the truncated channel sand bodies are developed. During the deposition of Qigu formation, the climate was arid and hot. During the deposition of Toutunhe formation, the broad lake level dropped, a sandy meandering river formed with the depth of about 33.3 m, width of 139.2 m, bankfull width of 805.2 m and single meander belt width of 6405.2 m. In the early stage of the deposition of Qigu formation, the A/S was smaller than 1, corresponding to the development of isolated channel and flood lake sand bodies,in the middle stage, the bridging channel sand bodies, superimposed channel sand bodies and the truncated channel sand bodies were developed. In the late stage, the A/S increased again corresponding to the development of the isolated channel sand bodies.
引文
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[6]单敬福,张彬,赵忠军,等.厚层辫状河道期次厘定与多期砂体叠置规律[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(10):3 789-3 800.SHAN Jingfu,ZHANG Bin,ZHAO Zhongjun,et al.Stacked rule and stage-time division for thick-layer,multi-period braided river sandbodies[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(10):3 789-3 800.
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[10]FANG Yanan,WU Chaodong,WANG Yizhe,et al.Stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous strata in the Junggar basin,central Asia:tectonic and climate implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,129:294-308.
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[12]方世虎,郭召杰,宋岩,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗纪沉积相演化与盆地格局[J].古地理学报,2005,7(3):347-356.FANG Shihu,GUO Zhaojie,SONG Yan,et al.Sedimentary facies evolution and basin pattern of the Jurassic in southern margin area of Junggar basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2005,7(3):347-356.
[13]林潼,王东良,王岚,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系齐古组物源特征及其对储层发育的影响[J].中国地质,2013,40(3):909-918.LIN Tong,WANG Dongliang,WANG Lan,et al.The provenance feature of Jurassic Qigu formation and its effect on reservoir development in the southern margin of Junggar basin[J].Geology in China,2013,40(3):909-918.
[14]辜延容.准噶尔盆地南缘构造特征与油气分布[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.GU Yanrong.The structure feature and oil-gas distribution in southern margin of the Junggar basin[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2015.
[15]张驰,于兴河,李顺利,等.准噶尔盆地南缘井井子沟组露头沉积特征及模式[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):544-552.ZHANG Chi,YU Xinghe,LI Shunli,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and model of outcrop in Jingjingzigou formation of southern margin,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):544-552.
[16]许书堂,焦存礼,王敬缺.伊犁盆地沉积岩颜色指数特征,盆地演化与有利勘探层系[J].勘探家,1998,3(3):60-63.XU Shutang,JIAO Cunli,WANG Jingque.Color index characteristics of sedimentary rock,basin evolution and advantageous exploration layers in Yili basin[J].Petroleum Explorationist,1998,3(3):60-63.
[17]MIALL A D.Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits:anatomy of the Kayenta formation(Lower Jurassic),southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55(3):233-262.
[18]LORENZ J C,HEINZE D M,CLARK J A,et al.Determination of widths of meander-belt sandstone reservoirs from vertical downhole data,Mesaverde group,Piceance Creek basin,Colorado[J].AAPGBulletin,1985,69(5):710-721.
[19]田景春,张兴良,王峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区上古生界储集砂体叠置关系及分布定量刻画[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):737-742.TIAN Jingchun,ZHANG Xingliang,WANG Feng,et al.Quantitative characterization of superimposition relationship and distribution of reservoir sandbodies in the Upper Palaeozoic of Gaoqiao region,the Ordos basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):737-742.
[20]兰丽凤,白振强,于德水,等.曲流河砂体三维构型地质建模及应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(4):20-25.LAN Lifeng,BAI Zhenqiang,YU Deshui,et al.Study on geological3D reservoir architecture modeling of meandering reservoir and its application[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(4):20-25.
[21]LEEDER M R.Fluviatile fining-upward cycles and the magnitude of paleochannels[J].Geological Magazine,1973,110(3):265-276.
[22]房亚男,吴朝东,王熠哲,等.准噶尔盆地南缘中-下侏罗统浅水三角洲类型及其构造和气候指示意义[J].中国科学:技术科学,2016,46(7):737-756.FANG Yanan,WU Chaodong,WANG Yizhe,et al.Lower to Middle Jurassic shallow-water delta types in the southern Junggar basin and implications for the tectonic and climate[J].Scientia Sinica(Technologica),2016,46(7):737-756.
[2]赵康,双棋,王兵,等.准噶尔盆地南缘阿尔钦沟剖面八道湾组河道砂体构型[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):530-536.ZHAO Kang,SHUANG Qi,WANG Bing,et al.Architecture of channel sand body in Badaowan formation of Aerqingou section in southern margin of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):530-536.
[3]胡光义,陈飞,范廷恩,等.渤海海域S油田新近系明化镇组河流相复合砂体叠置样式分析[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):586-592.HU Guangyi,CHEN Fei,FAN Ting’en,et al.Analysis of fluvial facies compound sandbody architecture of the Neogene Minghuazhen formation of S oilfield in the Bohai bay[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):586-592.
[4]邹拓.复合河道砂体叠置样式与剩余油主控因素研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(5):36-41.ZOU Tuo.Study on superimposition patterns and main remaining oil control factors of channel sand-bodies[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2017,32(5):36-41.
[5]郭艳琴,蔡志成,余芳,等.苏东南地区盒8段砂体叠置关系及其对气水分布的影响[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,33(4):1-7.GUO Yanqin,CAI Zhicheng,YU Fang,et al.Sandbody superimposition relation of 8th member of Shihezi formation in southeastern Sulige and its sandbody superimposition and its influence on gas-water distribution[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2018,33(4):1-7.
[6]单敬福,张彬,赵忠军,等.厚层辫状河道期次厘定与多期砂体叠置规律[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(10):3 789-3 800.SHAN Jingfu,ZHANG Bin,ZHAO Zhongjun,et al.Stacked rule and stage-time division for thick-layer,multi-period braided river sandbodies[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(10):3 789-3 800.
[7]林志鹏,单敬福,陈乐,等.苏里格气田苏6区块盒8段古河道砂体演化规律[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(5):1-10.LIN Zhipeng,SHAN Jingfu,CHEN Le,et al.Evolutionary process of palaeochannel sandbodies of the 8th member of Shihezi formation in block Su6,Sulige gas field[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(5):1-10.
[8]CROSS T A,LESSENGER M A.Sediment volume partitioning:rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation[J].Sequence Stratigraphy-Concepts and Application.Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publication,1998,8:171-195.
[9]高志勇,周川闽,冯佳睿,等.盆地内大面积砂体分布的一种成因机理--干旱气候下季节性河流沉积[J].沉积学报,2015,33(3):427-438.GAO Zhiyong,ZHOU Chuanmin,FENG Jiarui,et al.Distribution of a large area of sand body formation mechanism:ephemeral streams in arid climate[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(3):427-438.
[10]FANG Yanan,WU Chaodong,WANG Yizhe,et al.Stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous strata in the Junggar basin,central Asia:tectonic and climate implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,129:294-308.
[11]柳永清,李寅.准噶尔盆地侏罗系露头层序地层及沉积学特征[J].地球学报,2001,22(1):49-54.LIU Yongqing,LI Yin.Research on terrigenous outcrop sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology in the Jurassic Junggar basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2001,22(1):49-54.
[12]方世虎,郭召杰,宋岩,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗纪沉积相演化与盆地格局[J].古地理学报,2005,7(3):347-356.FANG Shihu,GUO Zhaojie,SONG Yan,et al.Sedimentary facies evolution and basin pattern of the Jurassic in southern margin area of Junggar basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2005,7(3):347-356.
[13]林潼,王东良,王岚,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系齐古组物源特征及其对储层发育的影响[J].中国地质,2013,40(3):909-918.LIN Tong,WANG Dongliang,WANG Lan,et al.The provenance feature of Jurassic Qigu formation and its effect on reservoir development in the southern margin of Junggar basin[J].Geology in China,2013,40(3):909-918.
[14]辜延容.准噶尔盆地南缘构造特征与油气分布[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.GU Yanrong.The structure feature and oil-gas distribution in southern margin of the Junggar basin[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2015.
[15]张驰,于兴河,李顺利,等.准噶尔盆地南缘井井子沟组露头沉积特征及模式[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):544-552.ZHANG Chi,YU Xinghe,LI Shunli,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and model of outcrop in Jingjingzigou formation of southern margin,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):544-552.
[16]许书堂,焦存礼,王敬缺.伊犁盆地沉积岩颜色指数特征,盆地演化与有利勘探层系[J].勘探家,1998,3(3):60-63.XU Shutang,JIAO Cunli,WANG Jingque.Color index characteristics of sedimentary rock,basin evolution and advantageous exploration layers in Yili basin[J].Petroleum Explorationist,1998,3(3):60-63.
[17]MIALL A D.Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits:anatomy of the Kayenta formation(Lower Jurassic),southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55(3):233-262.
[18]LORENZ J C,HEINZE D M,CLARK J A,et al.Determination of widths of meander-belt sandstone reservoirs from vertical downhole data,Mesaverde group,Piceance Creek basin,Colorado[J].AAPGBulletin,1985,69(5):710-721.
[19]田景春,张兴良,王峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区上古生界储集砂体叠置关系及分布定量刻画[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):737-742.TIAN Jingchun,ZHANG Xingliang,WANG Feng,et al.Quantitative characterization of superimposition relationship and distribution of reservoir sandbodies in the Upper Palaeozoic of Gaoqiao region,the Ordos basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):737-742.
[20]兰丽凤,白振强,于德水,等.曲流河砂体三维构型地质建模及应用[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(4):20-25.LAN Lifeng,BAI Zhenqiang,YU Deshui,et al.Study on geological3D reservoir architecture modeling of meandering reservoir and its application[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(4):20-25.
[21]LEEDER M R.Fluviatile fining-upward cycles and the magnitude of paleochannels[J].Geological Magazine,1973,110(3):265-276.
[22]房亚男,吴朝东,王熠哲,等.准噶尔盆地南缘中-下侏罗统浅水三角洲类型及其构造和气候指示意义[J].中国科学:技术科学,2016,46(7):737-756.FANG Yanan,WU Chaodong,WANG Yizhe,et al.Lower to Middle Jurassic shallow-water delta types in the southern Junggar basin and implications for the tectonic and climate[J].Scientia Sinica(Technologica),2016,46(7):737-756.