亚致死剂量球形芽孢杆菌对按蚊传疟能力的影响
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摘要
目的探讨亚致死剂量球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus,Bs)对斯氏按蚊传疟能力的影响。方法利用亚致死剂量Bs 2 362株处理斯氏按蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫,收集存活按蚊并常规饲养。正常对照组按蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫不进行Bs处理,常规饲养。对3~5 d龄的斯氏按蚊成蚊进行约氏疟原虫攻击感染,并于按蚊吸血后第9天解剖蚊胃,观察卵囊的发育情况,比较分析Bs处理对斯氏按蚊传疟能力的影响。结果正常对照组和Bs处理组按蚊对疟原虫的感染率分别为92.1%和97.6%,Bs处理组感染率高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Sigma 3.5统计软件分析显示,正常对照组和Bs处理组斯氏按蚊对疟原虫的感染度分别为(56.69±69.29)和(84.19±75.64),Bs处理组按蚊卵囊数量显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论亚致死剂量Bs 2362株处理显著增加约氏疟原虫对斯氏按蚊的感染率和感染度,提高了按蚊的传疟能力。
Objective To investigate the impact of Bacillus sphaericus( Bs) exposure on vector competence of Anopheles stephensi to malaria parasites. Methods The 4thinstar larvae of Anophels stephensi were treated with sub-lethal dose of Bs strain 2362. The surviving pupae were collected and routinely fed. The mosquitoes of control group were maintained without Bs treatment. Mosquitoes in age of 3 ~ 5 d were challenged by infection of Plasmodium yoelii. The rate and intensity of infection were obtained through dissection of midguts on day 9 post blood feeding and observation of oocyst development. The influence of Bs treatment on capacity of anopheles vectors to transmit malaria was compared between the 2 groups. Results The infection rates of Bs treatment group and control group were 97. 6% and 92. 1%,respectively. The difference between them was statistically significant by Chi-square test( P < 0. 05). In addition,the infection density of Bs treatment group( 84. 19 ± 75. 64) was higher than that of control group( 56. 69 ± 69. 29),which was statistically significant by Mann-Whitney test( P < 0. 05). Conclusion The sub-lethal dose of Bs strain2362 significantly increased the rate and intensity of Anopheles stephensi infected by Plasmodium yoelii,and consequently enhanced the vector competence of Anopheles stephensi to malaria parasites.
Objective To investigate the impact of Bacillus sphaericus( Bs) exposure on vector competence of Anopheles stephensi to malaria parasites. Methods The 4thinstar larvae of Anophels stephensi were treated with sub-lethal dose of Bs strain 2362. The surviving pupae were collected and routinely fed. The mosquitoes of control group were maintained without Bs treatment. Mosquitoes in age of 3 ~ 5 d were challenged by infection of Plasmodium yoelii. The rate and intensity of infection were obtained through dissection of midguts on day 9 post blood feeding and observation of oocyst development. The influence of Bs treatment on capacity of anopheles vectors to transmit malaria was compared between the 2 groups. Results The infection rates of Bs treatment group and control group were 97. 6% and 92. 1%,respectively. The difference between them was statistically significant by Chi-square test( P < 0. 05). In addition,the infection density of Bs treatment group( 84. 19 ± 75. 64) was higher than that of control group( 56. 69 ± 69. 29),which was statistically significant by Mann-Whitney test( P < 0. 05). Conclusion The sub-lethal dose of Bs strain2362 significantly increased the rate and intensity of Anopheles stephensi infected by Plasmodium yoelii,and consequently enhanced the vector competence of Anopheles stephensi to malaria parasites.
引文
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[2]WH Organization.World Malaria Report 2015[J].Working Papers,2015,30(82):189-192.
[3]Hodson C N,Yu Y,Plettner E,et al.New repellent effective against African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae:implications for vector control[J].Med Vet Entomol,2016,30(4):369-376.DOI:10.1111/mve.12188
[4]Benelli G,Mehlhorn H.Declining malaria,rising of dengue and Zika virus:insights for mosquito vector control[J].Parasitol Res,2016,115(5):1747-1754.DOI:10.1007/s00436-016-4971-z
[5]Quinones M L,Norris D E,Conn J E,et al.Insecticide Resistance in Areas Under Investigation by the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research:A Challenge for Malaria Control and Elimination[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2015,93(3 Suppl):69-78.DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0844
[6]Bustamante G M,Goncalves D L,Gorla D E.Distribution of Pyrethroid Resistant Populations of Triatoma infestans in the Southern Cone of South America[J].PLo S Negl Trop Dis,2016,10(3):e4561.DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004561
[7]Mulamba C,Riveron J M,Ibrahim S S,et al.Widespread pyrethroid and DDT resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus in East Africa is driven by metabolic resistance mechanisms[J].PLo S One,2014,9(10):e110058.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0110058
[8]于莎莎,王英,艾国平,等.球型芽孢杆菌2 362株对两种按蚊幼虫杀伤效果的比较研究[J].中国热带医学,2013,(10):1177-1180.
[9]Li N,Parker D M,Yang Z,et al.Risk factors associated with slide positivity among febrile patients in a conflict zone of northeastern Myanmar along the China-Myanmar border[J].Malar J,2013,12(1):1-8.DOI:10.1186/1475-2875-12-361
[10]Mittal P K.Biolarvicides in vector control:challenges and prospects[J].J Vector Borne Dis,2003,40(1-2):20-32.
[11]Charles J F,Nielsen-Leroux C.Mosquitocidal bacterial toxins:diversity,mode of action and resistance phenomena[J].Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz,2000,95 Suppl 1:201-206.
[12]Smith A W,Camara-Artigas A,Allen J P.Crystallization of the mosquito-larvicidal binary toxin produced by Bacillus sphaericus[J].Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr,2004,60(Pt 5):952-953.DOI:10.1107/S0907444904006535
[13]Carpusca I,Jank T,Aktories K.Bacillus sphaericus mosquitocidal toxin(MTX)and pierisin:the enigmatic offspring from the family of ADP-ribosyltransferases[J].Mol Microbiol,2006,62(3):621-630.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05401.x
[14]Subramaniam J,Kovendan K,Mahesh K P,et al.Mosquito larvicidal activity of Aloe vera(Family:Liliaceae)leaf extract and Bacillus sphaericus,against Chikungunya vector,Aedes aegypti[J].Saudi J Biol Sci,2012,19(4):503-509.DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.07.003
[15]Schlein Y,Muller G C.Decrease of larval and subsequent adult Anopheles sergentii populations following feeding of adult mosquitoes from Bacillus sphaericus-containing attractive sugar baits[J].Parasit Vectors,2015,8(1):1-7.DOI:10.1186/s13071-015-0845-y
[16]Ranson H,Lissenden N.Insecticide Resistance in African Anopheles Mosquitoes:A Worsening Situation that Needs Urgent Action to Maintain Malaria Control[J].Trends Parasitol,2016,32(3):187-196.DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.010
[17]Poopathi S,Thirugnanasambantham K,Mani C,et al.Hexamerin a novel protein associated with Bacillus sphaericus resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus[J].Appl Biochem Biotechnol,2014,172(5):2299-2307.DOI:10.1007/s12010-013-0681-5
[18]Paris M,Tetreau G,Laurent F,et al.Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti)in the environment induces resistance to multiple Bti toxins in mosquitoes[J].Pest Manag Sci,2011,67(1):122-128.DOI:10.1002/ps.2046
[19]Stalinski R,Tetreau G,Gaude T,et al.Pre-selecting resistance against individual Bti Cry toxins facilitates the development of resistance to the Bti toxins cocktail[J].J Invertebr Pathol,2014,119(119):50-53.DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2014.04.002