新乡黄河湿地黑水鸡的繁殖生态研究
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摘要
2017年2—8月在新乡黄河湿地保护区内陈桥村的陈桥驿景区对黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus)的繁殖生态进行了研究,并与其他地区进行了比较。结果表明,黑水鸡的繁殖期是3月初至5月底,最早于4月1日可见到刚孵化出的幼鸟。亲鸟筑巢于有稀疏芦苇的莲塘,巢材为干枯的芦苇茎、叶。巢外径(26.80±1.21) cm,内径(15.28±1.21) cm,巢深(6.48±1.02) cm,巢高(14.50±2.79) cm。窝卵数平均(8.5±2.1)枚,卵长径(4.18±0.17) cm,卵短径(3.06±0.16) cm,卵重(19.71±0.21) g。黑水鸡孵化期16～18 d,孵化率95.2%。与已有研究相比,黑水鸡在新乡陈桥村繁殖开始的时间最早。黑水鸡在本地由夏候鸟转为留鸟,可能与气候变暖及当地适宜的栖息环境和丰富的食物有关。
From February to August in 2017, the breeding ecology of the common moorhen(Gallinula chloropus) was studied in Chenqiao village in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland reserve and compared with other five areas. The results showed that the breeding season of common moorhen is from early March to the end of May,and the newly hatched birds can be seen at April 1. The nests were built in lotus pond with sparse reeds,nesting with withered reeds. The average outside diameter of the nests was(26.80±1.21) cm,inside diameter was(15.28±1.21) cm,the deep was(6.48±1.02) cm,and height was(14.50±2.79) cm. There were(8.5±2.1) eggs in each nest on average. The average long diameter of the eggs was(4.18±0.17) cm,short diameter was(3.06±0.16) cm,the weight of eggs was(19.71±0.21) g. The hatching period of common moorhen was 16 to 18 days, and the hatching rate was 95.2%. The reproduction period of common moorhen in Chenqiao village in Xinxiang was the earliest compared with other five areas. The common moorhen turns out to be a resident bird in the reserve,may be due to climate change and food enrichment.
From February to August in 2017, the breeding ecology of the common moorhen(Gallinula chloropus) was studied in Chenqiao village in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland reserve and compared with other five areas. The results showed that the breeding season of common moorhen is from early March to the end of May,and the newly hatched birds can be seen at April 1. The nests were built in lotus pond with sparse reeds,nesting with withered reeds. The average outside diameter of the nests was(26.80±1.21) cm,inside diameter was(15.28±1.21) cm,the deep was(6.48±1.02) cm,and height was(14.50±2.79) cm. There were(8.5±2.1) eggs in each nest on average. The average long diameter of the eggs was(4.18±0.17) cm,short diameter was(3.06±0.16) cm,the weight of eggs was(19.71±0.21) g. The hatching period of common moorhen was 16 to 18 days, and the hatching rate was 95.2%. The reproduction period of common moorhen in Chenqiao village in Xinxiang was the earliest compared with other five areas. The common moorhen turns out to be a resident bird in the reserve,may be due to climate change and food enrichment.
引文
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[3]刘焕金,冯敬义,苏化龙,等.黑水鸡繁殖生态的初步观察[J].动物学研究,1985,6(2):174-200.
[4]李振吉,刘文,王汝斌,等.贵州草海保护区黑水鸡繁殖生态学观察[J].贵州科学,2017,34(4):5-8.
[5]金志民,杨春文,刘铸,等.黑水鸡的繁殖生态观察[J].四川动物,2010,29(2):262-264.
[6]马玉红,吴剑峰,王晓玲,等.黑水鸡营巢、产卵、孵化及雏鸟生长的初步研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(10):1905-1908.
[7]李朝晖,华春,周梅仙,等.黑水鸡非繁殖期行为时间分配研究[J].广东农业科学,2011(9):126-127.
[8]袁子涵,虞蔚岩,周泉澄,等.南京地区黑水鸡繁殖期行为生态研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(34):19537-19538.
[9]亓东明,冯茜.邛海湿地黑水鸡春季生境选择[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(8):1510-1513.
[10]牛红星,卜艳珍,路纪琪,等.豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区鸟类区系调查[J].生物多样性,2001,9(3):260-264.
[11]李莲花,朱军涛.豫北黄河故道湿地保护区生态地质环境分析与防治对策[J].地下水,2005,27(6):480-481.
[12]赵宗泰,杨广涛,朴仁珠.黑水鸡在青岛李沧公园内年繁殖3次的发现与探究[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(3):455-461.
[13]杜寅,周放,舒晓莲,等.全球气候变暖对中国鸟类区系的影响[J].动物分类学报,2009,34(3):664-674.
[14]马瑞俊,蒋志刚.全球气候变化对野生动物的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):3061-3066.
[15]闫军辉,张向敏,周红升,等.1951-2015年河南省温度变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):102-107.
[16]徐文茜,汤茜,丁圣彦.河南新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区景观格局动态分析[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):235-241.
[17]蒋鸿,余志刚.贵州草海的黑水鸡种群快速增长与水禽繁殖区的关系[A].保护鸟类,人鸟和谐论文集[C].北京:中国林业出版社,2009.106-108.