DNBF-O_3-GAC组合工艺深度脱除氮磷及代谢产物
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摘要
为提高污水厂尾水水质,本研究采用新型缓释碳源复配海绵铁、活性炭作为反硝化生物滤池的复合填料,分别以模拟二级处理出水和实际污水厂尾水为进水,考察了复合缓释碳源填料反硝化生物滤池-臭氧-活性炭(DNBF-O_3-GAC)组合工艺同步脱氮除磷及去除微生物代谢产物的性能,并借助Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析了反硝化生物滤池生物膜中的微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,组合工艺取得了较好的脱氮除磷及微生物代谢产物的效果:模拟配水阶段和实际尾水阶段NO_3~--N平均去除率分别达到88.87%、79.99%;TP平均去除率分别达到87.67%、65.51%;UV254平均去除率分别达到45.51%、49.23%.组合工艺各处理单元具有不同的功能:NO_3~--N、TN、TP、TFe的变化主要发生在反硝化生物滤池反应器中;UV254、三维荧光强度的变化主要发生在臭氧-活性炭反应器中.微生物在属水平进行聚类分析结果表明,反硝化脱氮系统存在硫自养反硝化菌和异养反硝化菌,当实际尾水阶段碳源相对不足时,硫自养反硝化作用有了显著加强,Thiobacillus(硫杆菌属)的占比由7.44%上升至29.62%,硫自养反硝化与异养反硝化形成的这种互补作用延长了新型缓释碳源的使用周期.
To improve the quality of the tailings water from a wastewater treatment plant(WWTP),a denitrification biofilter(DNBF)with a composite filler composed of a new slow-release organic-carbon source(SOC-F),sponge iron,and activated carbon was tested.Studies were conducted in the combined process of DNBF-O_3-GAC to explore the efficiency of the advanced removal of nitrogen,phosphorus,and microbial metabolite by using synthetic effluent made from running water and chemicals.Corresponding comparative studies were conducted by using the secondary effluent from the WWTP.The microbial population structure in the biofilm of the denitrification biofilter was analyzed by adopting Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing technologies.The results indicated that the combination process achieved high efficiency removal of nitrogen,phosphorus,and microbial metabolite.The average removal rate of NO_3~--N in the simulated and actual water period reached 88.87% and 79.99%,respectively;the average removal rate of TP reached87.67% and 65.51%,respectively;and the average removal rate of UV_(254) reached 45.51% and 49.23%,respectively.Each processing unit had different functions.The changes in NO_3~--N,TN,TP,and TFe mainly occurred in the denitrification biofilter,and the removal of UV_(254) and the change in the three-dimensional fluorescence intensity mainly occurred in the ozone-activated carbon reactor.The cluster analysis at the genus level indicated that the denitrification system had sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria.Sulfur autotrophic denitrification increased obviously in the actual water period when relatively lack of carbon sources,and the proportion of Thiobacillus increased from 7.44% to 29.62%.The complementary effect of sulfur autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification had extended the use of the new slow-release carbon source.
To improve the quality of the tailings water from a wastewater treatment plant(WWTP),a denitrification biofilter(DNBF)with a composite filler composed of a new slow-release organic-carbon source(SOC-F),sponge iron,and activated carbon was tested.Studies were conducted in the combined process of DNBF-O_3-GAC to explore the efficiency of the advanced removal of nitrogen,phosphorus,and microbial metabolite by using synthetic effluent made from running water and chemicals.Corresponding comparative studies were conducted by using the secondary effluent from the WWTP.The microbial population structure in the biofilm of the denitrification biofilter was analyzed by adopting Mi Seq high-throughput sequencing technologies.The results indicated that the combination process achieved high efficiency removal of nitrogen,phosphorus,and microbial metabolite.The average removal rate of NO_3~--N in the simulated and actual water period reached 88.87% and 79.99%,respectively;the average removal rate of TP reached87.67% and 65.51%,respectively;and the average removal rate of UV_(254) reached 45.51% and 49.23%,respectively.Each processing unit had different functions.The changes in NO_3~--N,TN,TP,and TFe mainly occurred in the denitrification biofilter,and the removal of UV_(254) and the change in the three-dimensional fluorescence intensity mainly occurred in the ozone-activated carbon reactor.The cluster analysis at the genus level indicated that the denitrification system had sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria.Sulfur autotrophic denitrification increased obviously in the actual water period when relatively lack of carbon sources,and the proportion of Thiobacillus increased from 7.44% to 29.62%.The complementary effect of sulfur autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification had extended the use of the new slow-release carbon source.
引文
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[16]李素梅,郝瑞霞,孟成成.三维电极生物膜反应器低温启动试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(5):101-105.Li S M,Hao R X,Meng C C.Start-up of three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactor at low temperature[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(5):101-105.
[17]郝瑞霞,曹可心,邓亦文.城市污水处理过程中有机污染物三维荧光特性的变化规律[J].分析测试学报,2007,26(6):789-792,796.Hao R X,Cao K X,Deng Y W.The variation trend of threedimensional characteristic fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in the wastewater treatment process[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2007,26(6):789-792,796.
[18]Hao R X,Li S M,Li J B,et al.Denitrification of simulated municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent using a threedimensional biofilm-electrode reactor:operating performance and bacterial community[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,143:178-186.
[19]杨岸明,常江,甘一萍,等.臭氧氧化二级出水有机物可生化性研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):363-367.Yang A M,Chang J,Gan Y P,et al.Research on the organic biodegradability of secondary effluent treated by ozonation[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(2):363-367.
[20]郑晓英,王俭龙,李鑫玮,等.臭氧氧化深度处理二级处理出水的研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1159-1165.Zheng X Y,Wang J L,Li X W,et al.Advanced treatment of secondary effluent by ozonation[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1159-1165.
[21]徐影,仇天雷,韩梅琳,等.PCR-DGGE技术解析固体碳源表面生物膜的微生物群落结构[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):3257-3263.Xu Y,Qiu T L,Han M L,et al.Analysis on microbial community in biofilm coating onto solid carbon source using the PCR-DGGE technique[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(8):3257-3263.
[22]白婷婷.低碳源污水硝化及固体碳源反硝化系统的微生物特性[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.12-20.
[23]Wang H Y,Zhou Y X,Yuan Q,et al.Bacteria morphology and diversity of the combined autotrophic nitritation and sulfur-carbon three-dimensional-electrode denitrification process[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2014,49(1):39-51.
[24]余鸿婷,李敏.反硝化聚磷菌的脱氮除磷机制及其在废水处理中的应用[J].微生物学报,2015,55(3):264-272.Yu H T,Li M.Denitrifying and phosphorus accumulating mechanisms of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms(DPAOs)for wastewater treatment[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2015,55(3):264-272.
[25]翟思媛.活性污泥异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原协同除磷特性及影响因素研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2014.33-37.
[2]曲久辉,王凯军,王洪臣,等.建设面向未来的中国污水处理概念厂[N].中国环境报,2014-01-07(010).
[3]Schaum C,Lensch D,Cornel P.Water reuse and reclamation:a contribution to energy efficiency in the water cycle[J].Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination,2015,5(2):83-94.
[4]Lawrenc A W,Bisngni J J,Batchelor B,et al.Autotrophic denitrification using sulfur electron donors[R].Washington:EPA,1978.78-113.
[5]Christianson L,Lepine C,Tsukuda S,et al.Nitrate removal effectiveness of fluidized sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification biofilters for recirculating aquaculture systems[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2015,68:10-18.
[6]徐忠强,郝瑞霞,徐鹏程,等.硫铁填料和微电流强化再生水脱氮除磷的研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):406-413.Xu Z Q,Hao R X,Xu P C,et al.Research on enhanced denitrification and phosphorus removal from reclaimed water by using sponge iron/sulfur composite fillers and low electrical current[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(2):406-413.
[7]Christianson L,Summerfelt S.Fluidization velocity assessment of commercially available sulfur particles for use in autotrophic denitrification biofilters[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2014,60:1-5.
[8]张兰河,左正艳,王旭明.固相反硝化系统中微生物群落结构的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(1):39-45.Zhang L H,Zuo Z Y,Wang X M.Research progress on microbial community structure in solid-phase denitrification systems[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2015,31(1):39-45.
[9]王润众.新型缓释碳源滤料的制备及其应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2015.31-40.
[10]侯红勋,王淑莹,王亚宜,等.A2/O型氧化沟的旁侧化学除磷试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(7):30-33.Hou H X,Wang S Y,Wang Y Y,et al.Study on chemical phosphorus removal based on A2/O oxidation ditch[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(7):30-33.
[11]匡颖,董启荣,王鹤立.海绵铁与火山岩填料A/O生物滴滤池脱氮除磷的中试研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(9):50-53.Kuang Y,Dong Q R,Wang H L.Pilot scale experiment on denitrification and phosphorus removal in A/O trickling filter with volcanic fillings[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2012,38(9):50-53.
[12]李杰,王亚娥,王志盈,等.生物海绵铁在生活污水脱氮除磷中的应用研究[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(1):97-100.Li J,Wang Y E,Wang Z Y,et al.Study on application of biological sponge iron in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater[J].China Water&Wastewater,2007,23(1):97-100.
[13]刘俊新,李杰,王亚娥.铁细菌在污水除磷中的应用研究[J].环境科技,2012,25(6):61-65.Liu J X,Li J,Wang Y E.Study on application of iron bacteria in phosphorus removal from wastewater[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,25(6):61-65.
[14]吕娟,张道方.臭氧技术在污水处理中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(6):123-126.LüJ,Zhang D F.Application of ozone technology in wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2011,22(6):123-126.
[15]王润众,郝瑞霞,赵文莉.醋酸酯淀粉和SPAN80在反硝化缓释碳源中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(7):13-17.Wang R Z,Hao R X,Zhao W L.Application of SPAN80 and starch acetate in slow-release carbon source for denitrification[J].China Water&Wastewater,2015,31(7):13-17.
[16]李素梅,郝瑞霞,孟成成.三维电极生物膜反应器低温启动试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(5):101-105.Li S M,Hao R X,Meng C C.Start-up of three-dimensional electrode biofilm reactor at low temperature[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(5):101-105.
[17]郝瑞霞,曹可心,邓亦文.城市污水处理过程中有机污染物三维荧光特性的变化规律[J].分析测试学报,2007,26(6):789-792,796.Hao R X,Cao K X,Deng Y W.The variation trend of threedimensional characteristic fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in the wastewater treatment process[J].Journal of Instrumental Analysis,2007,26(6):789-792,796.
[18]Hao R X,Li S M,Li J B,et al.Denitrification of simulated municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent using a threedimensional biofilm-electrode reactor:operating performance and bacterial community[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,143:178-186.
[19]杨岸明,常江,甘一萍,等.臭氧氧化二级出水有机物可生化性研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(2):363-367.Yang A M,Chang J,Gan Y P,et al.Research on the organic biodegradability of secondary effluent treated by ozonation[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(2):363-367.
[20]郑晓英,王俭龙,李鑫玮,等.臭氧氧化深度处理二级处理出水的研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1159-1165.Zheng X Y,Wang J L,Li X W,et al.Advanced treatment of secondary effluent by ozonation[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(5):1159-1165.
[21]徐影,仇天雷,韩梅琳,等.PCR-DGGE技术解析固体碳源表面生物膜的微生物群落结构[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):3257-3263.Xu Y,Qiu T L,Han M L,et al.Analysis on microbial community in biofilm coating onto solid carbon source using the PCR-DGGE technique[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(8):3257-3263.
[22]白婷婷.低碳源污水硝化及固体碳源反硝化系统的微生物特性[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.12-20.
[23]Wang H Y,Zhou Y X,Yuan Q,et al.Bacteria morphology and diversity of the combined autotrophic nitritation and sulfur-carbon three-dimensional-electrode denitrification process[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2014,49(1):39-51.
[24]余鸿婷,李敏.反硝化聚磷菌的脱氮除磷机制及其在废水处理中的应用[J].微生物学报,2015,55(3):264-272.Yu H T,Li M.Denitrifying and phosphorus accumulating mechanisms of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms(DPAOs)for wastewater treatment[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2015,55(3):264-272.
[25]翟思媛.活性污泥异化Fe(Ⅲ)还原协同除磷特性及影响因素研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2014.33-37.