新型缓释碳源的制备及其性能
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摘要
为了提高淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)缓释碳源的反硝化速率,并有效控制碳源的释放速率,采用添加醋酸酯淀粉、疏水性乳化剂(SPAN80)以及二次包裹、表层交联等方法,制备了新型缓释碳源,通过释碳和脱氮实验考察了缓释碳源的最佳材料配比、脱氮效率以及碳源的释放规律。结果表明:缓释碳源中淀粉比例越高,反硝化效率越高,但释碳速率过快,容易造成出水COD偏高;当淀粉含量为58.2%时,能够获得适宜的脱氮效率和释碳速率,其反硝化滤柱的硝态氮去除率达100%,平均反硝化速率和出水COD分别为11.67 mg/(L·h)和27.65 mg/L,碳源释放与利用基本达到平衡。制备的新型缓释碳源其脱氮效率高、使用周期长、碳源释放得到有效控制,具有良好的工程应用前景。
To improve the denitrification rate of starch / polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) and effectively control the carbon release rate,a new slow-release organic carbon source( SOC) was synthesized by adding acetate starch /hydrophobic emulsifier( SPAN80),secondary encapsulation and surface cross-linking reaction. The optimum material ratio,nitrogen removal efficiency and release model of SOC were investigated by carbon release and denitrification experiments. The results showed that the denitrification efficiency would ascend rapidly with augmenting of starch content in SOC while the rise of release speed may increase the concentration of COD in the effluent.When the content of starch was 58. 2%,the appropriate carbon release rate and nitrogen removal efficiency could be obtained and the nitrate removal efficiency,average denitrification rate and the effluent concentration of COD could reach 100%,11. 67 mg /( L·h) and 27. 65 mg / L,as the carbon emission and utilization achieved a balance. So the high nitrogen removal efficiency,long life cycle and controlled carbon release rate made the new SOC suitable for engineering application.
To improve the denitrification rate of starch / polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) and effectively control the carbon release rate,a new slow-release organic carbon source( SOC) was synthesized by adding acetate starch /hydrophobic emulsifier( SPAN80),secondary encapsulation and surface cross-linking reaction. The optimum material ratio,nitrogen removal efficiency and release model of SOC were investigated by carbon release and denitrification experiments. The results showed that the denitrification efficiency would ascend rapidly with augmenting of starch content in SOC while the rise of release speed may increase the concentration of COD in the effluent.When the content of starch was 58. 2%,the appropriate carbon release rate and nitrogen removal efficiency could be obtained and the nitrate removal efficiency,average denitrification rate and the effluent concentration of COD could reach 100%,11. 67 mg /( L·h) and 27. 65 mg / L,as the carbon emission and utilization achieved a balance. So the high nitrogen removal efficiency,long life cycle and controlled carbon release rate made the new SOC suitable for engineering application.
引文
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[16]范振兴,赵璇,王建龙.利用辐照预处理麦秆作为反硝化固体碳源的研究.环境科学,2009,30(4):1090-1094Fan Zhenxing,Zhao Xuan,Wang Jianlong.Denitrification using radiation-pretreated wheat straw as solid carbon source.Environmental Science,2009,30(4):1090-1094(in Chinese)
[17]唐丹琦,王娟,郑天龙,等.聚乳酸/淀粉固体缓释碳源生物反硝化研究.环境科学,2014,35(6):2236-2240Tang Danqi,Wang Juan,Zheng TianL ong,et al.Effect of PLA/starch slow-release carbon source on biological denitrification.Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2236-2240(in Chinese)
[18]任惠芹.新型缓释碳源滤料的制备及其反硝化性能研究.北京:北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2013:35-41Ren Huiqin.Study on preparation and denitrification performance of new style solid-phase sustained-release carbon filter.Beijing:Master Dissertation of Beijing University of Technology,2013:35-41(in Chinese)
[19]Khanitchaidecha W.,Sumino T.,Kazama F.Influence of carbon source on biological nitrogen removal by immobilised bacteria.Journal of Water Resource and Protection,2010,2(6):527-531
[20]苑宏英.基于酸碱调节的剩余污泥水解酸化及其机理研究.上海:同济大学博士学位论文,2006:1-4Yuan Hongying.Hydrolysis and acidification of excess activated sludge by acidity and alkaline controlling strategy and the mechanism.Shanghai:Doctor Dissertation of Tongji University,2006:1-4(in Chinese)
[21]Azizian S.Kinetic models of sorption:A theoretical analysis.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,276(1):47-52
[22]Shen Zhiqiang,Wang Jianlong.Biological denitrification using cross-linked starch/PCL blends as solid carbon source and biofilm carrier.Bioresource Technology,2011,102(19):8835-8838
[23]Boley A.,Unger B.,Müller W.R.,et al.Biological drinking water treatment for nitrate and pesticide(endosulfan)elimination.Water Science&Technology:Water Supply,2006,6(3):123-127
[24]Boley A.,Müller W.R.,Haider G.Biodegradable polymers as solid substrate and biofilm carrier for denitrification in recirculated aquaculture systems.Aquacultural Engineering,2000,22(1-2):75-85
[25]封羽涛,吴为中.可降解聚合物PCL、PBS在低有机污染水中固相反硝化脱氮效果比较.生态环境学报,2011,20(6-7):1127-1132Feng Yutao,Wu Weizhong.The comparison of nitrogen removal effect between biodegradable polymers of PCL and PBS in the low organic pollution water.Ecology and Environment Sciences,2011,20(6-7):1127-1132(in Chinese)
[26]赵文莉,郝瑞霞,李斌,等.预处理方法对玉米芯作为反硝化固体碳源的影响.环境科学,2014,35(3):987-994Zhao Wenli,Hao Ruixia,Li Bin,et al.Effects of pretreatment methods on corncob as carbon source for denitrification.Environmental Science,2014,35(3):987-994(in Chinese)
[27]Wu Weizhong,Yang Luhua,Wang Jianlong.Denitrification using PBS as carbon source and biofilm support in a packed-bed bioreactor.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(1):333-339
[2]李彭,唐蕾,左剑恶,等.以PHAs为固体碳源的城镇二级出水深度脱氮研究.中国环境科学,2014,34(2):331-336Li Peng,Tang Lei,Zuo Jian’e,et al.Tertiary nitrogen removal of the municipal secondary effluent using PHAs as solid carbon sources.China Environmental Science,2014,34(2):331-336(in Chinese)
[3]张静,陈洪斌.低碳源污水的脱氮除磷技术研究进展.水处理技术,2014,40(1):1-6,15Zhang Jing,Chen Hongbin.Review on nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology for low C/N municipal wastewater treatment.Technology of Water Treatment,2014,40(1):1-6,15(in Chinese)
[4]刘佳,沈志强,周岳溪,等.聚己内酯/淀粉共混物和砾石系统反硝化特性.环境科学研究,2014,27(4):441-446Liu Jia,Shen Zhiqiang,Zhou Yuexi,et al.Denitrification performance of PCL/starch blends and gravel supported system.Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(4):441-446(in Chinese)
[5]王旭明,王建龙.利用固相反硝化工艺去除饮用水原水中的硝酸盐.中国给水排水,2008,24(6):6-10Wang Xuming,Wang Jianlong.Removal of nitrate from raw drinking water using solid-phase denitrification process.China Water&Wastewater,2008,24(6):6-10(in Chinese)
[6]李斌,郝瑞霞.固体纤维素类废物作为反硝化碳源滤料的比选.环境科学,2013,34(4):1428-1433Li Bin,Hao Ruixia.Comparison and optimization of cellulose carbon source for denitrification filter.Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1428-1433(in Chinese)
[7]邵留,徐祖信,王晟,等.新型反硝化固体碳源释碳性能研究.环境科学,2011,32(8):2323-2327Shao Lin,Xu Zuxin,Wang Sheng,et al.Performance of new solid carbon source materials for denitrification.Environmental Science,2011,32(8):2323-2327(in Chinese)
[8]曹文平,张后虎,汪银梅.以纤维素物质为反硝化碳源和载体去除水中硝酸盐.工业水处理,2012,32(2):5-9Cao Wenping,Zhang Houhu,Wang Yinmei.Removal of nitrate from water with cellulosic substances as carbon source and biocarrier.Industrial Water Treatment,2012,32(2):5-9(in Chinese)
[9]Aslan S.,Türkman A.E.Biological denitrification of drinking water using various natural organic solid substrates.Water Science and Technology,2003,48(11-12):489-495
[10]Shen Zhiqiang,Zhou Yuexi,Hu Jun,et al.Denitrification performance and microbial diversity in a packed-bed bioreactor using biodegradable polymer as carbon source and biofilm support.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,250-251:431-438
[11]Shen Zhiqiang,Zhou Yuexi,Wang Jianlong.Comparison of denitrification performance and microbial diversity using starch/polylactic acid blends and ethanol as electron donor for nitrate removal.Bioresource Technology,2013,131:33-39
[12]Li Peng,Zuo Jian’e,Xing Wei,et al.Starch/polyvinyl alcohol blended materials used as solid carbon source for tertiary denitrification of secondary effluent.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(10):1972-1979
[13]王允,张旭,张大奕,等.用于地下水原位生物脱氮的缓释碳源材料性能研究.环境科学,2008,29(8):2183-2188Wang Yun,Zhang Xu,Zhang Dayi,et al.Performance of slow-release organic carbon-source(SOC)materials for insitu biological denitrification in groundwater.Environmental Science,2008,29(8):2183-2188(in Chinese)
[14]张大奕,李广贺,王允,等.缓释碳源材料释碳与脱氮性能.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(9):75-79Zhang Dayi,Li Guanghe,Wang Yun,et al.Slow-release organic carbon-source materials for groundwater in situ denitrification.Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2009,49(9):75-79(in Chinese)
[15]闫续,许柯,耿金菊,等.两种释碳材料的制备及其性能研究.中国环境科学,2012,32(11):1984-1990Yan Xu,Xu Ke,Geng Jinju,et al.Preparation and properties of two kinds of carbon releasing material.China Environmental Science,2012,32(11):1984-1990(in Chinese)
[16]范振兴,赵璇,王建龙.利用辐照预处理麦秆作为反硝化固体碳源的研究.环境科学,2009,30(4):1090-1094Fan Zhenxing,Zhao Xuan,Wang Jianlong.Denitrification using radiation-pretreated wheat straw as solid carbon source.Environmental Science,2009,30(4):1090-1094(in Chinese)
[17]唐丹琦,王娟,郑天龙,等.聚乳酸/淀粉固体缓释碳源生物反硝化研究.环境科学,2014,35(6):2236-2240Tang Danqi,Wang Juan,Zheng TianL ong,et al.Effect of PLA/starch slow-release carbon source on biological denitrification.Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2236-2240(in Chinese)
[18]任惠芹.新型缓释碳源滤料的制备及其反硝化性能研究.北京:北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2013:35-41Ren Huiqin.Study on preparation and denitrification performance of new style solid-phase sustained-release carbon filter.Beijing:Master Dissertation of Beijing University of Technology,2013:35-41(in Chinese)
[19]Khanitchaidecha W.,Sumino T.,Kazama F.Influence of carbon source on biological nitrogen removal by immobilised bacteria.Journal of Water Resource and Protection,2010,2(6):527-531
[20]苑宏英.基于酸碱调节的剩余污泥水解酸化及其机理研究.上海:同济大学博士学位论文,2006:1-4Yuan Hongying.Hydrolysis and acidification of excess activated sludge by acidity and alkaline controlling strategy and the mechanism.Shanghai:Doctor Dissertation of Tongji University,2006:1-4(in Chinese)
[21]Azizian S.Kinetic models of sorption:A theoretical analysis.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,276(1):47-52
[22]Shen Zhiqiang,Wang Jianlong.Biological denitrification using cross-linked starch/PCL blends as solid carbon source and biofilm carrier.Bioresource Technology,2011,102(19):8835-8838
[23]Boley A.,Unger B.,Müller W.R.,et al.Biological drinking water treatment for nitrate and pesticide(endosulfan)elimination.Water Science&Technology:Water Supply,2006,6(3):123-127
[24]Boley A.,Müller W.R.,Haider G.Biodegradable polymers as solid substrate and biofilm carrier for denitrification in recirculated aquaculture systems.Aquacultural Engineering,2000,22(1-2):75-85
[25]封羽涛,吴为中.可降解聚合物PCL、PBS在低有机污染水中固相反硝化脱氮效果比较.生态环境学报,2011,20(6-7):1127-1132Feng Yutao,Wu Weizhong.The comparison of nitrogen removal effect between biodegradable polymers of PCL and PBS in the low organic pollution water.Ecology and Environment Sciences,2011,20(6-7):1127-1132(in Chinese)
[26]赵文莉,郝瑞霞,李斌,等.预处理方法对玉米芯作为反硝化固体碳源的影响.环境科学,2014,35(3):987-994Zhao Wenli,Hao Ruixia,Li Bin,et al.Effects of pretreatment methods on corncob as carbon source for denitrification.Environmental Science,2014,35(3):987-994(in Chinese)
[27]Wu Weizhong,Yang Luhua,Wang Jianlong.Denitrification using PBS as carbon source and biofilm support in a packed-bed bioreactor.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(1):333-339