基于多尺度的西安市新城市贫困空间分布特征及其形成原因
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摘要
西安市新城市贫困空间分布研究对转型期西安市反贫困具有重要意义。利用问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计分析方法对西安市新城市贫困率进行测度,借助ArcGIS9.3软件从市、区和街道3级空间尺度分析西安市新城市贫困空间分布特征及其形成原因。结果表明:1)从市级层面来看,西安市新城市贫困空间呈现出"圈层放射+局部嵌套"分布规律,总体上呈现东北-西南向的空间分布格局;从区级层面来看,其他5个区包围位于城中心的新城区呈"漏斗"形分布状态;从街道层面来看,各街道新城市贫困区等级类型由重到轻呈现为"金字塔"形分布状态;三级层面上新城市贫困空间分布均呈现不均衡状态。2)影响新城贫困空间分布呈现不均衡状态的因素有:经济体制改革、社会福利改革、收入差距拉大、城市规划导向和社会空间结构的继承。
The research of spatial distribution of new urban poverty has important significance for sustainable development of Xi'an city. We measured poverty rate of new urban poverty in Xi'an city by questionnaire,interview method and mathematical statistics analysis method,and analyzed the spatial distribution and cause of new urban poverty based on municipal level,district level and street level by spatial analysis of GIS. The results showed that spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi'an city showed a " circle radiation + partial nesting" distribution from municipal level,the direction of spatial distribution presented northeast- southwest. The other five districts surrounded new town district was " funnel" shaped pattern from district level. The types of streets of new urban poverty from heavy to light rendered as " pyramid" shaped distribution from street level. Spatial distribution of new urban poverty presented an unbalanced state on three levels. The imbalance factors of spatial distribution of new urban poverty included economic reform,income gap widening,social welfare reform,urban planning orientation and social spatial structure inheritances. The research of spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi'an city had an important reference value to antipoverty. The spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi'an city had dynamic variation because many factors.
The research of spatial distribution of new urban poverty has important significance for sustainable development of Xi'an city. We measured poverty rate of new urban poverty in Xi'an city by questionnaire,interview method and mathematical statistics analysis method,and analyzed the spatial distribution and cause of new urban poverty based on municipal level,district level and street level by spatial analysis of GIS. The results showed that spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi'an city showed a " circle radiation + partial nesting" distribution from municipal level,the direction of spatial distribution presented northeast- southwest. The other five districts surrounded new town district was " funnel" shaped pattern from district level. The types of streets of new urban poverty from heavy to light rendered as " pyramid" shaped distribution from street level. Spatial distribution of new urban poverty presented an unbalanced state on three levels. The imbalance factors of spatial distribution of new urban poverty included economic reform,income gap widening,social welfare reform,urban planning orientation and social spatial structure inheritances. The research of spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi'an city had an important reference value to antipoverty. The spatial distribution of new urban poverty in Xi'an city had dynamic variation because many factors.
引文
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[19]邓德芳,段汉明.北疆城镇区域人口发展中的问题及人口空间分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):53-60.
[2]王兆萍.迁移与我国农村区域贫困人口的人力资本积累-兼议地理环境决定论[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(3):1-5.
[3]Harris C D,Ulman E.The natures of cities[J].Annals of the American Academy of Political Science,1945(242):7-17.
[4]Yeates M H,Garner B J.The North American City[M].New York:Harper&Row,1980.
[5]White M J.American Neighborhoods and Residential Differentiation[M].New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1987.
[6]Larry R.Ford.An new improved model of Latin American city structure[J].Geography Review,1996(3):437-440.
[7]陈涌.城市贫困区位化趋势及影响[J].城市问题,2000(6):15-17.
[8]李潇,王道勇.中美两国城市贫困区位化比较研究[J].人口学刊,2004(1):53-57.
[9]高云虹.中国转型时期城市贫困区位化现象探析[J].当代财经,2010(8):81-87.
[10]马清裕,陈田,牛亚菲,等.北京城市贫困人口特征、成因及其解困对策[J].地理研究,1999,18(4):400-406.
[11]苏勤,林炳耀,沈山.转型期中等城市新城市贫困问题实证研究-以安徽省芜湖市为例[J].经济地理,2003,23(5):630-634.
[12]陈果,顾朝林,吴缚龙.南京城市贫困空间调查与分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(10):542-548.
[13]吕露光.城市居住空间分异及贫困人口分布状况研究-以合肥市为例[J].城市规划,2004(6):74-77.
[14]袁媛,薛德升,许学强.转型时期广州大都市区户籍贫困人口特征和空间分布[J].热带地理,2006,26(3):248-253.
[15]袁媛,许学强,薛德升.转型时期广州城市户籍人口新贫困的地域类型和分异机制[J].地理研究,2008,27(3):672-682.
[16]何深静,刘玉亭,吴缚龙.南京市不同社会群体的贫困集聚度、贫困特征及其决定因素[J].地理研究,2010,29(4):703-715.
[17]胡晓红.转型期西安市城市贫困空间分异研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[18]陈立梅.基于扩展线性支出系统模型的我国农村居民信息消费结构分析-来自1993-2009年的经验数据[J].管理世界,2013(9):180-181.
[19]邓德芳,段汉明.北疆城镇区域人口发展中的问题及人口空间分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):53-60.