“凝视”机制下的身体和身份消费——谭恩美《惊奇山谷》商品化问题再思考
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摘要
国内对于华裔美国文学的研究已经较为成熟,对于华裔美国文学作品中体现的文化身份多从族裔内涵的角度展开。采用与权力相关的福柯式"凝视"观点观照谭恩美的新作《惊奇山谷》,着眼于作品中的商品化特征,旨在分析女主人公紫罗兰的身体和身份如何在男性"凝视"的社会机制下成为可欲和所欲的对象,沦为被剥削、被宰制的客体。文章认为紫罗兰身体和身份在"被看"中物化为满足他人需求的商品是资本的逻辑与父权制共谋下的结果。通过该主题的表达,暗示了女性欲冲破父权制的牢笼,就要表现自身的主体性而非"他者"的存在,从而重新定义自我。
The domestic studies of Chinese American literature are quite mature and the studies of the cultural identity reflected in the Chinese American literature works are usually connected with ethnicity. This essay focuses on the issue of commodification in Amy Tan's latest novel The Valley of Amazement from Foucault's viewpoint of "gaze", trying to analyze how the protagonist's body and ethnic identity involved in the process of consumption. In conclusion, it clarifies that the commodification of Violet's body and ethnic identity in "Gaze" is the result of collusion of capital and patriarchy. The writer implied that women, in order to break the cage prison of patriarchy, have to present their subjectivity, not the existence of "the other", and redefine themselves.
The domestic studies of Chinese American literature are quite mature and the studies of the cultural identity reflected in the Chinese American literature works are usually connected with ethnicity. This essay focuses on the issue of commodification in Amy Tan's latest novel The Valley of Amazement from Foucault's viewpoint of "gaze", trying to analyze how the protagonist's body and ethnic identity involved in the process of consumption. In conclusion, it clarifies that the commodification of Violet's body and ethnic identity in "Gaze" is the result of collusion of capital and patriarchy. The writer implied that women, in order to break the cage prison of patriarchy, have to present their subjectivity, not the existence of "the other", and redefine themselves.
引文
[1]Review: The Valley of Amazement[R].Expert Book Review,2014.
[2]卢俊.身份的困惑,情感的纠葛——评谭恩美2013年新作《惊奇山谷》[J].外国文学动态,2014,(3):45 - 46.
[3]陈蓉.凝视[M]//赵一凡,张中载,等.西方文论关键词. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2006.
[4]米歇尔·福柯.规训与惩罚:监狱的诞生[M].刘北成,译.上海:上海三联书店,2001.
[5]刘岩,马建军,等.女性书写与书写女性:20世纪英美女性文学研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2012.
[6]孙萌.凝视[M]//陶东风.文化研究(第五辑).南宁:广西师范大学出版社,2005.
[7]Tan A.The Valley of Amazement[M].New York:Harper Collins Publishers Inc,2013.
[8]约翰·伯格.观看之道[M].戴行钺,译.南宁:广西师范大学出版社,2005.
[9]Irigaray L.This Sex Which is Not One[M].Catherine Porter, Carolyn Burke,trans. New York:Cornell University Press,1985.
[10]马粉英.托尼.莫里森小说的身体叙事研究[D].北京:北京外国语大学,2014.
[11]孙玉霞.身体化:女性在消费社会中的生存境遇[J].贵州社会科学,2008,(3):30-33.
[12]弗朗兹·法农.黑皮肤,白面具[M].万冰,译.南京:译林出版社,2005.
[13]朱晓兰.“凝视”理论研究[D].南京:南京大学,2006.
[14]吴琼.他者的凝视——拉康的“凝视”理论[J].文艺研究,2010,(4):33-42.
[15]Danaher G. Tony Schirato and Jen Webb, Understanding Foucault[M]. London: SAGE Publications, 2000.
[16]吴颖.“看”与“被看”的女性——论影视凝视的性别意识及女性主义表达的困境[J].浙江社会科学,2012,(5):145-148.
[2]卢俊.身份的困惑,情感的纠葛——评谭恩美2013年新作《惊奇山谷》[J].外国文学动态,2014,(3):45 - 46.
[3]陈蓉.凝视[M]//赵一凡,张中载,等.西方文论关键词. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2006.
[4]米歇尔·福柯.规训与惩罚:监狱的诞生[M].刘北成,译.上海:上海三联书店,2001.
[5]刘岩,马建军,等.女性书写与书写女性:20世纪英美女性文学研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2012.
[6]孙萌.凝视[M]//陶东风.文化研究(第五辑).南宁:广西师范大学出版社,2005.
[7]Tan A.The Valley of Amazement[M].New York:Harper Collins Publishers Inc,2013.
[8]约翰·伯格.观看之道[M].戴行钺,译.南宁:广西师范大学出版社,2005.
[9]Irigaray L.This Sex Which is Not One[M].Catherine Porter, Carolyn Burke,trans. New York:Cornell University Press,1985.
[10]马粉英.托尼.莫里森小说的身体叙事研究[D].北京:北京外国语大学,2014.
[11]孙玉霞.身体化:女性在消费社会中的生存境遇[J].贵州社会科学,2008,(3):30-33.
[12]弗朗兹·法农.黑皮肤,白面具[M].万冰,译.南京:译林出版社,2005.
[13]朱晓兰.“凝视”理论研究[D].南京:南京大学,2006.
[14]吴琼.他者的凝视——拉康的“凝视”理论[J].文艺研究,2010,(4):33-42.
[15]Danaher G. Tony Schirato and Jen Webb, Understanding Foucault[M]. London: SAGE Publications, 2000.
[16]吴颖.“看”与“被看”的女性——论影视凝视的性别意识及女性主义表达的困境[J].浙江社会科学,2012,(5):145-148.