创新型国家科技管理体制的特点及演进趋势
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摘要
本文旨在探讨美、英、日、韩等创新型国家科技管理体制的特点及发展趋势,通过国别研究及国家间比较分析,归纳出五大特点和趋势,即在国家最高领导层次加强科技的顶层决策与咨询;强化国家财政科技预算的集中或协调;依决策、执行、监督分立的原则完善科技计划项目管理;增强政府科技创新,促进机构独立性和灵活性;以及加强科技计划和科研机构绩效评估并力求逐步将绩效与预算相结合。密切关注主要国家科技管理体制的发展动向对深化我国科技体制改革具有重要意义。
This paper explores the characteristics and evolving trends of S&T management systems in major innovative countries, such as US, UK, Japan and South Korea. With multi-country study and comparative analysis, five main features and latest trends are identified, which are useful to China's ongoing S&T management system. These features and trends are: consolidating overall planning and comprehensive coordination at the national highest leader level; enhancing the centralized and coordinated allocation of national S&T budget; optimizing project management of national S&T programs by adopting the principle of detachment of decisionmaking, execute and supervisory functions; strengthening independence and flexibility for governmental agencies to support innovation; emphasizing performance evaluation for government-sponsored S&T programs and institutions, and seeking to link budget setting with performance evaluation results.
This paper explores the characteristics and evolving trends of S&T management systems in major innovative countries, such as US, UK, Japan and South Korea. With multi-country study and comparative analysis, five main features and latest trends are identified, which are useful to China's ongoing S&T management system. These features and trends are: consolidating overall planning and comprehensive coordination at the national highest leader level; enhancing the centralized and coordinated allocation of national S&T budget; optimizing project management of national S&T programs by adopting the principle of detachment of decisionmaking, execute and supervisory functions; strengthening independence and flexibility for governmental agencies to support innovation; emphasizing performance evaluation for government-sponsored S&T programs and institutions, and seeking to link budget setting with performance evaluation results.
引文
[1]European Commission.ERAWATCH Research Inventory Report[R/OL].(2010-03-16)[2017-04-20].http://cordis.europa.eu/erawatch.
[2]任真.韩国成立国家科学技术审议会[J].科学研究动态监测快报,2013(17):2-3.
[3]樊春良.科学咨询与国家最高决策[J].中国软科学,2007(10):59-67.
[4]王佳存,崔圣君.美国科技创新管理的新举措[EB/OL].(2015-11-14)[2017-04-20].http://www.studytimes.cn/zydx/KJJS/KEJZL/2015-11-14/3091.html.
[5]Verhoest K,Thiel S Van,Bouckaert G.Government Agencies:Practices and Lessons from 30 Countries[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan UK,2012:57-68.
[6]乌云其其格.日本政府研发资助体系研究[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2016(9):15-27.
[7]黄军英.典型国家的创新促进机构及对我国的启示[J].科技管理研究,2009(5):74-75.
[8]菲利浦·乔伊斯.政府绩效测量的热点问题——来自美国的经验教训[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2007(9):73-77.
(1)据报道,韩国新设立的未来创造科学部是韩国政府中排名第二的部门。也就是说,除了由经济副总理兼任部长的企划财政部之外,未来创造科学部在韩国政府部门中的地位是最高的,成为兼管科学技术、信息通信以及邮政事业本部的强大部门。
[2]任真.韩国成立国家科学技术审议会[J].科学研究动态监测快报,2013(17):2-3.
[3]樊春良.科学咨询与国家最高决策[J].中国软科学,2007(10):59-67.
[4]王佳存,崔圣君.美国科技创新管理的新举措[EB/OL].(2015-11-14)[2017-04-20].http://www.studytimes.cn/zydx/KJJS/KEJZL/2015-11-14/3091.html.
[5]Verhoest K,Thiel S Van,Bouckaert G.Government Agencies:Practices and Lessons from 30 Countries[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan UK,2012:57-68.
[6]乌云其其格.日本政府研发资助体系研究[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2016(9):15-27.
[7]黄军英.典型国家的创新促进机构及对我国的启示[J].科技管理研究,2009(5):74-75.
[8]菲利浦·乔伊斯.政府绩效测量的热点问题——来自美国的经验教训[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2007(9):73-77.
(1)据报道,韩国新设立的未来创造科学部是韩国政府中排名第二的部门。也就是说,除了由经济副总理兼任部长的企划财政部之外,未来创造科学部在韩国政府部门中的地位是最高的,成为兼管科学技术、信息通信以及邮政事业本部的强大部门。