断言式新闻——媒介技术驱动下的新型新闻模式研究
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摘要
随着新闻传播技术的不断改进,新闻的传者与受众愈加重视新闻时效性,其结果之一就是断言式新闻(journalism of assertion)逐渐取代传统的确证式新闻(journalism of verification),成为当今全球的主要新闻模式。本文从新闻生产及新闻理论的视角出发,在挖掘了断言式新闻的特点、表现及成因等基础上,着重讨论了这一概念提出的理论意义。研究认为,断言式新闻概念的提出利于促进传统新闻定义向"对话"与"知识"转变,并从生产过程出发关照新闻失范行为,进而反思"后真相"的新闻模式。鉴于断言式新闻的社会危害,文章以杜威的公众视角,认同新闻素养对信息社会的可能贡献。
With the advent and spread of new communication technologies, the over-heated pursuit of timeliness or even speediness in news reporting has led to the result of Journalism of Assertion replacing Journalism of Verification as the dominant mode of news reporting. This article, based on the two dimensions of "News Production" and "Theories of Journalism", analyzes the characteristics, performances and causes of Journalism of Assertion. The theoretical meaning of this new reporting model is the key point, which observes the new concept helps transform traditional news concepts to "conversation" and "knowledge", proposes a way to understand anomie, so that we can contemplate the "post-truth" model. Considering the social damage of Journalism of Assertion, this article acknowledges the contribution of the public's news literacy to the development of information society.
With the advent and spread of new communication technologies, the over-heated pursuit of timeliness or even speediness in news reporting has led to the result of Journalism of Assertion replacing Journalism of Verification as the dominant mode of news reporting. This article, based on the two dimensions of "News Production" and "Theories of Journalism", analyzes the characteristics, performances and causes of Journalism of Assertion. The theoretical meaning of this new reporting model is the key point, which observes the new concept helps transform traditional news concepts to "conversation" and "knowledge", proposes a way to understand anomie, so that we can contemplate the "post-truth" model. Considering the social damage of Journalism of Assertion, this article acknowledges the contribution of the public's news literacy to the development of information society.
引文
比尔·科瓦奇,汤姆·罗森斯蒂尔(2001/2014)。《新闻的十大基本原则:新闻从业者需知和公众期待》(刘海龙,连晓东译)(第2版)。北京:北京大学出版社。
比尔·科瓦奇,汤姆·罗森斯蒂尔(2011/2014)。《真相:信息超载时代如何知道该相信什么》(陆佳怡,孙志刚译)。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
陈力丹(主编)(2006)。《自由与责任:国际社会新闻自律研究》。开封:河南大学出版社。
陈力丹(2014)。树立全民“新闻素养”理念。《新闻记者》,(4),61-63。
操瑞青(2017)。作为假设的“新闻真实”:新闻报道的“知识合法性”建构。《国际新闻界》,(5),6-28。
戴安娜·克兰(1972/1988)。《无形学院--知识在科学共同体的扩散》(刘珺珺,顾昕,王德禄译)。北京:华夏出版社。
弗雷德里克·S·西伯特,西奥多·彼得森,威尔伯·施拉姆(1963/2008)。《传媒的四种理论》(戴鑫译)。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
刘海龙(2014)。新闻素养与下一代新闻业。《新闻记者》,(4),69-75。
李良荣(2008)。《新闻学概论》(第2版)。上海:复旦大学出版社。
米歇尔·福柯(1969/2003)。《知识考古学》(谢强,马月译)。北京:三联书店。
迈克尔·舒德森(2003/2010)。《新闻社会学》(徐桂权译)。北京:华夏出版社。
新闻自由委员会(1974/2004)。《一个自由而负责的新闻界》(展江,王征,王涛译)。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
周睿鸣,刘于思(2017)。客观事实已经无效了吗?--“后真相”语境下事实查验的发展、效果与未来。《新闻记者》,(1),36-44。
Cleary,M.E.L.(2005).Technology and News:How are Choices:Changing the Way Americans get Their News?Master’s Thesis,Grand Valley State University,Grand Rapids.
Coddington,M.,Molyneux,L.&Lawrence,R.(2014).Fact Checking the Campaign:How Political Reporters Use Twitter to Set the Record Straight(or Not).The International Journal of Press/Politics,19(4),391-409.
Kovach,B.,Rosenstiel,T.(1999).Warp Speed:America in the Age of Mixed Age.New York,NY:The Century Foundation.
Marriott,S.(2007).American election night and the Journalism of Assertion.Journalism,8(6),698-717.
McDunn,D.(2007).The 24-Hour News Cycle and The Quality of Television News in The United States.Master’s Thesis,University of Hawaii.Manoa.
Mitropoulous,D.(1999).The Reporter’s Dilemma:News Gathering as Negotiation.Negotiation Journal,15(3),229-243.
O’Neill,D.&O’Connor,C.(2008).The Passive Journalism:How Sources Dominate Local News.Journalism Practice,2(3),487-500.
Papandrea,F.&Armstrong,M.(2010).Record of the Communications Policy and Research Forum2010.Sydney,AUS:Network Insight Institute.
Peters,C.(2009).The Truthiness Factor:Blurring Boundaries and the Shifting Status of Objectivity and Emotion in Television News.Ottawa,CAN:Carleton University.
Rosenstiel,T.(1995).Yakety-Yak:The Lost Art of Interviewing.Columbia Journalism Review,(1-2).
Sambrook,R.(2012).Delivering Trust:Impartiality and Objectivity in the Digital Age.Oxford,UK:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Schwartz,D.A.(2004).In The Lion’s Mouth:Advocacy And Investigative Reporting About The Environment In The Early 21st Century.Doctoral dissertation,University of Maryland,City of College Park.
Silverman,R.(2005).Foreword.Houston Journal of Health Law&Policy,(1),175-185.
比尔·科瓦奇,汤姆·罗森斯蒂尔(2011/2014)。《真相:信息超载时代如何知道该相信什么》(陆佳怡,孙志刚译)。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
陈力丹(主编)(2006)。《自由与责任:国际社会新闻自律研究》。开封:河南大学出版社。
陈力丹(2014)。树立全民“新闻素养”理念。《新闻记者》,(4),61-63。
操瑞青(2017)。作为假设的“新闻真实”:新闻报道的“知识合法性”建构。《国际新闻界》,(5),6-28。
戴安娜·克兰(1972/1988)。《无形学院--知识在科学共同体的扩散》(刘珺珺,顾昕,王德禄译)。北京:华夏出版社。
弗雷德里克·S·西伯特,西奥多·彼得森,威尔伯·施拉姆(1963/2008)。《传媒的四种理论》(戴鑫译)。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
刘海龙(2014)。新闻素养与下一代新闻业。《新闻记者》,(4),69-75。
李良荣(2008)。《新闻学概论》(第2版)。上海:复旦大学出版社。
米歇尔·福柯(1969/2003)。《知识考古学》(谢强,马月译)。北京:三联书店。
迈克尔·舒德森(2003/2010)。《新闻社会学》(徐桂权译)。北京:华夏出版社。
新闻自由委员会(1974/2004)。《一个自由而负责的新闻界》(展江,王征,王涛译)。北京:中国人民大学出版社。
周睿鸣,刘于思(2017)。客观事实已经无效了吗?--“后真相”语境下事实查验的发展、效果与未来。《新闻记者》,(1),36-44。
Cleary,M.E.L.(2005).Technology and News:How are Choices:Changing the Way Americans get Their News?Master’s Thesis,Grand Valley State University,Grand Rapids.
Coddington,M.,Molyneux,L.&Lawrence,R.(2014).Fact Checking the Campaign:How Political Reporters Use Twitter to Set the Record Straight(or Not).The International Journal of Press/Politics,19(4),391-409.
Kovach,B.,Rosenstiel,T.(1999).Warp Speed:America in the Age of Mixed Age.New York,NY:The Century Foundation.
Marriott,S.(2007).American election night and the Journalism of Assertion.Journalism,8(6),698-717.
McDunn,D.(2007).The 24-Hour News Cycle and The Quality of Television News in The United States.Master’s Thesis,University of Hawaii.Manoa.
Mitropoulous,D.(1999).The Reporter’s Dilemma:News Gathering as Negotiation.Negotiation Journal,15(3),229-243.
O’Neill,D.&O’Connor,C.(2008).The Passive Journalism:How Sources Dominate Local News.Journalism Practice,2(3),487-500.
Papandrea,F.&Armstrong,M.(2010).Record of the Communications Policy and Research Forum2010.Sydney,AUS:Network Insight Institute.
Peters,C.(2009).The Truthiness Factor:Blurring Boundaries and the Shifting Status of Objectivity and Emotion in Television News.Ottawa,CAN:Carleton University.
Rosenstiel,T.(1995).Yakety-Yak:The Lost Art of Interviewing.Columbia Journalism Review,(1-2).
Sambrook,R.(2012).Delivering Trust:Impartiality and Objectivity in the Digital Age.Oxford,UK:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Schwartz,D.A.(2004).In The Lion’s Mouth:Advocacy And Investigative Reporting About The Environment In The Early 21st Century.Doctoral dissertation,University of Maryland,City of College Park.
Silverman,R.(2005).Foreword.Houston Journal of Health Law&Policy,(1),175-185.