基于全方位地震数据的方位AVO(AVAZ)反演
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摘要
利用地震数据较为准确地预测地下介质的裂缝发育信息,是裂缝型储层预测的关键手段,也是非常规页岩油气储层压裂改造的关键参数.方位AVO(AVAZ)在描述HTI介质的裂缝分布及发育方向等方面有重要应用,本文提供一种基于全方位地震数据的方位AVO(AVAZ)反演方法,为裂缝预测提供参考资料.首先利用Ruger近似方程正演计算不同方位角及入射角下的反射系数,继而与方位角度道集中地震反射振幅建立目标函数,然后基于正演方程及目标函数采用最小二乘法进行AVAZ反演.实现了从全方位地震资料中同步反演纵波反射系数、各向同性梯度、各向异性梯度及裂缝发育方向.模型数据和实际地震资料应用表明该方法能够有效的预测HTI介质的裂缝分布及方向.
Prediction of fracture information of underground medium by using seismic data is a key means of fracture-type reservoir prediction and is also a key parameter for fracture and transformation of unconventional shale oil and gas reservoirs. Azimuth AVO(AVAZ) has an important applications in the description of the HTI medium fracture distribution and direction. In this paper, we implement an AVAZ inversion methord based on full azimuth seismic data for extracting fracture attributes in weak HTI medium.First,using the Corrigan-Ruger approximate equation to calculate different incident angle and azimuth angle of the reflection coefficient. Second,establishing the objective function with AVAZ gathers and the model forward reflections. Finaly,by using the least-square method to solve the inverse problem based on the forward equation and the objective function. We extract the the reflectivity of the P-wave,the isotropic AVO gradient,the fracture density(anisotropic gradient),and the azimuth of the direction perpendicular to the fracture strike from the full azimuth seismic data. The application of theoretical model data and field data show that this method can predict the fracture distribution and direction of the HTI medium effectively.
Prediction of fracture information of underground medium by using seismic data is a key means of fracture-type reservoir prediction and is also a key parameter for fracture and transformation of unconventional shale oil and gas reservoirs. Azimuth AVO(AVAZ) has an important applications in the description of the HTI medium fracture distribution and direction. In this paper, we implement an AVAZ inversion methord based on full azimuth seismic data for extracting fracture attributes in weak HTI medium.First,using the Corrigan-Ruger approximate equation to calculate different incident angle and azimuth angle of the reflection coefficient. Second,establishing the objective function with AVAZ gathers and the model forward reflections. Finaly,by using the least-square method to solve the inverse problem based on the forward equation and the objective function. We extract the the reflectivity of the P-wave,the isotropic AVO gradient,the fracture density(anisotropic gradient),and the azimuth of the direction perpendicular to the fracture strike from the full azimuth seismic data. The application of theoretical model data and field data show that this method can predict the fracture distribution and direction of the HTI medium effectively.
引文
CHEN Ming-Chun,XU Sheng,WEI Chun-Guang.2015.Technique of fractured carbonate reservoir prediction and its application in oversea gas field exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(4):1660-1665,doi:10.6038/pg20150419.
JIA Yue-Wei,WEI Shui-Jian,LV Lin.2014.Application of seismic P-wave azimuthal anisotropy in volcanic fracture quantitative prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(4):477-483.
JIANG Chuan-Jin,JU Lin-Bo,ZHANG Guang-Ying,et al.2011.The method and effect analysis of volcanic fracture prediction with prestack seismic data---an example from the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(2):515-523,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.031.
KUANG Li-Xiong,GUO Jian-Hua,HUANG Tai-Zhu.2008.Forming mechanism of hydrocarbon reservoirs of Halahatang formation in Yuqi Block in Akekule Arch,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),38(2):249-254.
LIU Jun-Ying,YONG Xue-Shan,YANG Wu-Yang,et al.2012.Prestack fracture reservoir bed estimation of Ordovician weather layer of Dagang-Cheng Hai area based on azimuthal prestack seismic amplitude[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(4):1588-1597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.036.
LIU Xi-Wu,LIU Zhi-Yuan,NING Jun-Rui,et al.2015.Full azimuth subsurface local angle domain imaging based anisotropy characterization for shale gas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(2):853-857,doi:10.6038/pg20150250.
Narhari S R,Al-Qadeeri B,Kidambi V,et al.2014.A case study of prestack orthotropic AVAz inversion for fracture characterization of a tight Deep Carbonate reservoir of Kuwait[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014.Denver,Colorado,USA:Denver,Colorado,USA,325-329.
SUN Wei,LI Yu-Feng,FU Jian-Wei,et al.2014.Review of fracture identification with well logs and seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
WANG Kang-Ning,LI Hui-Li,ZHANG Ji-Biao.2017.Study of prestack seismic fracture prediction method and its application in Ordovician carbonate formation in northern slope of the Tazhong uplift[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(5):2078-2084,doi:10.6038/pg20170530.
Williams M,Jenner E.2002.Interpreting seismic data in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy;or azimuthal anisotropy in the presence of the seismic interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,21(8):771-774.
陈明春,徐晟,魏春光.2015.裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层预测技术及海外气田勘探实践[J].地球物理学进展,30(4):1660-1665,doi:10.6038/pg20150419.
贾跃玮,魏水建,吕林.2014.应用地震纵波方位各向异性定量预测火山岩裂缝[J].石油物探,53(4):477-483.
姜传金,鞠林波,张广颖,等.2011.利用地震叠前数据预测火山岩裂缝的方法和效果分析---以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为例[J].地球物理学报,54(2):515-523,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.031.
旷理雄,郭建华,黄太柱.2008.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),38(2):249-254.
刘军迎,雍学善,杨午阳,等.2012.基于叠前方位振幅的大港-埕海地区奥陶系风化壳裂缝储层的叠前预测[J].地球物理学进展,27(4):1588-1597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.036.
刘喜武,刘志远,宁俊瑞,等.2015.基于全方位地下局部角度域成像的页岩气储层各向异性预测[J].地球物理学进展,30(2):853-857,doi:10.6038/pg20150250.
孙炜,李玉凤,付建伟,等.2014.测井及地震裂缝识别研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
王康宁,李慧莉,张继标.2017.塔中北坡地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩叠前地震裂缝预测方法应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,32(5):2078-2084,doi:10.6038/pg20170530.
JIA Yue-Wei,WEI Shui-Jian,LV Lin.2014.Application of seismic P-wave azimuthal anisotropy in volcanic fracture quantitative prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(4):477-483.
JIANG Chuan-Jin,JU Lin-Bo,ZHANG Guang-Ying,et al.2011.The method and effect analysis of volcanic fracture prediction with prestack seismic data---an example from the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(2):515-523,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.031.
KUANG Li-Xiong,GUO Jian-Hua,HUANG Tai-Zhu.2008.Forming mechanism of hydrocarbon reservoirs of Halahatang formation in Yuqi Block in Akekule Arch,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),38(2):249-254.
LIU Jun-Ying,YONG Xue-Shan,YANG Wu-Yang,et al.2012.Prestack fracture reservoir bed estimation of Ordovician weather layer of Dagang-Cheng Hai area based on azimuthal prestack seismic amplitude[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(4):1588-1597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.036.
LIU Xi-Wu,LIU Zhi-Yuan,NING Jun-Rui,et al.2015.Full azimuth subsurface local angle domain imaging based anisotropy characterization for shale gas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(2):853-857,doi:10.6038/pg20150250.
Narhari S R,Al-Qadeeri B,Kidambi V,et al.2014.A case study of prestack orthotropic AVAz inversion for fracture characterization of a tight Deep Carbonate reservoir of Kuwait[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014.Denver,Colorado,USA:Denver,Colorado,USA,325-329.
SUN Wei,LI Yu-Feng,FU Jian-Wei,et al.2014.Review of fracture identification with well logs and seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
WANG Kang-Ning,LI Hui-Li,ZHANG Ji-Biao.2017.Study of prestack seismic fracture prediction method and its application in Ordovician carbonate formation in northern slope of the Tazhong uplift[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(5):2078-2084,doi:10.6038/pg20170530.
Williams M,Jenner E.2002.Interpreting seismic data in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy;or azimuthal anisotropy in the presence of the seismic interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,21(8):771-774.
陈明春,徐晟,魏春光.2015.裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层预测技术及海外气田勘探实践[J].地球物理学进展,30(4):1660-1665,doi:10.6038/pg20150419.
贾跃玮,魏水建,吕林.2014.应用地震纵波方位各向异性定量预测火山岩裂缝[J].石油物探,53(4):477-483.
姜传金,鞠林波,张广颖,等.2011.利用地震叠前数据预测火山岩裂缝的方法和效果分析---以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为例[J].地球物理学报,54(2):515-523,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.031.
旷理雄,郭建华,黄太柱.2008.塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起于奇地区哈拉哈塘组油气成藏机制[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),38(2):249-254.
刘军迎,雍学善,杨午阳,等.2012.基于叠前方位振幅的大港-埕海地区奥陶系风化壳裂缝储层的叠前预测[J].地球物理学进展,27(4):1588-1597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.036.
刘喜武,刘志远,宁俊瑞,等.2015.基于全方位地下局部角度域成像的页岩气储层各向异性预测[J].地球物理学进展,30(2):853-857,doi:10.6038/pg20150250.
孙炜,李玉凤,付建伟,等.2014.测井及地震裂缝识别研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
王康宁,李慧莉,张继标.2017.塔中北坡地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩叠前地震裂缝预测方法应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,32(5):2078-2084,doi:10.6038/pg20170530.