适用于油基钻井液的随钻电阻率成像测井方法
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摘要
油基钻井液会阻断直流电流通路从而使常规的随钻电阻率测井方法失效,为解决该问题,基于电容耦合非接触电导检测技术,提出了可用于油基钻井液的随钻电阻率成像测井方法。综述了随钻电阻率测量的主要方法,介绍了电容耦合非接触电导检测技术的原理与特点。将电容耦合和电感耦合相结合,建立了油基钻井液条件下的方位测井模拟模型,并利用该模型进行了多种工况下的测井模拟试验,分析了周向位置与电流幅值、电极周向位置与电流相位的关系及钮扣电极成像原理,模拟结果表明,钮扣电极具有方位探测能力,所提出的测井方法具有可行性。设计了地面模拟测井系统,进行了方位测井室内试验,发现该测井系统能够实现地层成像和测量地层倾角,试验结果与实际地层倾角的相对误差仅为4.7%。研究认为,提出的随钻电阻率成像测井方法可以在油基钻井液条件下进行随钻侧向电阻率测量,并且使测得的电阻率成像,从而得到较为可靠的测井结果。
The goal of this study was to solve the problem of drilling fluids blocking circuits and losing signal during the logging process. Oil-based drilling fluids are prone to blocking the DC circuit and hence invalidating conventional resistivity when using the LWD method. In order to solve this problem, researchers proposed implementing the capacitive coupling-based non-contact conductance detection technology with a resistivity imaging LWD method suitable for oil-based drilling fluids. This paper summarized the main methods of resistivity measurement while drilling, and introduced the principle and characteristics of capacitive coupled non-contact conductance detection technology. The azimuth logging simulation model for oil-based drilling fluids was established by combining capacitive coupling principle and inductive coupling principle. Then, the logging simulation experiment under various working conditions was carried out with this model, and the relationships between the circumferential position and current amplitude, circumferential position of electrode and the current phase, as well as the imaging principle of button electrode were analyzed. The simulation results showed that the button electrode had azimuth detection capability, and the proposed logging method was feasible. A surface simulation logging system was designed to carry out the indoor test of azimuth logging. The test found that this logging system may to achieve formation imaging and measure the formation dip angle, and the relative error between the test result and the actual formation dip angle is only 4.7%. The study showed that the proposed resistivity imaging LWD method is able to perform lateral resistivity measurements while drilling in oil-based drilling fluids, and make the measured resistivity imaging to obtain the reliable logging results.
The goal of this study was to solve the problem of drilling fluids blocking circuits and losing signal during the logging process. Oil-based drilling fluids are prone to blocking the DC circuit and hence invalidating conventional resistivity when using the LWD method. In order to solve this problem, researchers proposed implementing the capacitive coupling-based non-contact conductance detection technology with a resistivity imaging LWD method suitable for oil-based drilling fluids. This paper summarized the main methods of resistivity measurement while drilling, and introduced the principle and characteristics of capacitive coupled non-contact conductance detection technology. The azimuth logging simulation model for oil-based drilling fluids was established by combining capacitive coupling principle and inductive coupling principle. Then, the logging simulation experiment under various working conditions was carried out with this model, and the relationships between the circumferential position and current amplitude, circumferential position of electrode and the current phase, as well as the imaging principle of button electrode were analyzed. The simulation results showed that the button electrode had azimuth detection capability, and the proposed logging method was feasible. A surface simulation logging system was designed to carry out the indoor test of azimuth logging. The test found that this logging system may to achieve formation imaging and measure the formation dip angle, and the relative error between the test result and the actual formation dip angle is only 4.7%. The study showed that the proposed resistivity imaging LWD method is able to perform lateral resistivity measurements while drilling in oil-based drilling fluids, and make the measured resistivity imaging to obtain the reliable logging results.
引文
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[16]RITTER R N,GOREK M,FULDA C,et al.High resolution visualization of near wellbore geology using while-drilling electrical images[J].Petrophysics,2005,46(2):85-95.
[17]柳杰,殷小敏,张彦伟,等.新型油基泥浆测井电成像方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):790-796.LIU Jie,YIN Xiaomin,ZHANG Yanwei,et al.A novel approach for borehole electrical imaging in oil-based mud[J].Process in Geophysics,2015,30(2):790-796.
[18]高霞,谢庆宾.储层裂缝识别与评价方法新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1460-1465.GAO Xia,XIE Qingbin.Advances in identification and evaluation of fracture[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1460-1465.
[19]CHEN G,CHUI C K.A modified adaptive Kalman filter for realtime applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,1991,27(1):149-154.
[2]邸德家,陶果,孙华峰,等.随钻地层测试技术的分析与思考[J].测井技术,2012,36(3):294-299.DI Dejia,TAO Guo,SUN Huafeng,et al.Analysis and consideration of formation testing while drilling technology[J].Well Logging Technology,2012,36(3):294-299.
[3]BONNER S,BURGESS T,CLARK B,et al.Measurements at the bit:a new generation of MWD tools[J].Oilfield Review,1993,5(3):44-54.
[4]刘乃震,王忠,刘策.随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪地质导向关键技术[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(5):1767-1775.LIU Naizhen,WANG Zhong,LIU Ce.Theories and key techniques of directional electromagnetic propagation resistivity tool for geosteering applications while drilling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(5):1767-1775.
[5]潘一,付龙,杨双春.国内外油基钻井液研究现状[J].现代化工,2014,34(4):21-24.PAN Yi,FU Long,YANG Shuangchun.Research process of oilbased drilling fluid at home and abroad[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2014,34(4):21-24.
[6]唐宇.油基泥浆随钻成像测井仪OBM[J].测井技术,2011,35(6):608.TANG Yu.Oil-based mud while drilling imaging logging tool OBM[J].Well Logging Technology,2011,35(6):608.
[7]巫振观,范宜仁,王磊,等.随钻方位电磁波测井仪器偏心响应模拟及分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(5):69-79.WU Zhenguan,FAN Yiren,WANG Lei,et al.Numerical modeling and analysis of eccentricity effect on borehole response of azimuthal electromagnetic logging while drilling tool[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2017,41(5):69-79.
[8]刘欢,张占松,黄若坤,等.利用油基泥浆微电阻率成像测井技术进行沉积解释[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(6):64-68.LIU Huan,ZHANG Zhansong,HUANG Ruokun,et al.Application of OBMI imaging logging technique for sedimentary interpretation[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(6):64-68.
[9]GA?B,DEMJANěNKO M,VACíK J.High-frequency contactless conductivity detection in isotachophoresis[J].Journal of Chromatography A,1980,192(2):253-257.
[10]ZEMANN A J,SCHNELL E,VOLGGER D,et al.Contactless conductivity detection for capillary electrophoresis[J].Analytical Chemistry,1998,70(3):563-567.
[11]KUBá?P,HAUSER P C.Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques:developments from 2010 to 2012[J].Electrophoresis,2013,34(1):55-69.
[12]ZEMANN A J.Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis[J].Electrophoresis,2003,24(12/13):2125-2137.
[13]JI Haifeng,LYU Yingchao,WANG Baoliang,et al.An improved capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection sensor for industrial applications[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2015,235:273-280.
[14]ARPS J J.Inductive resistivity guard logging apparatus including toroidal coils mounted on a conductive stem:US3305771A[P].1967-02-21[2018-09-25].
[15]李科,鲁保平,张家田.数字相敏检波器在测井仪器中的应用研究[J].石油仪器,2011,25(1):35-38.LI Ke,LU Baoping,ZHANG Jiatian.A study on the application of the digital phase sensitive detection in the well logging tools[J].Petroleum Instruments,2011,25(1):35-38.
[16]RITTER R N,GOREK M,FULDA C,et al.High resolution visualization of near wellbore geology using while-drilling electrical images[J].Petrophysics,2005,46(2):85-95.
[17]柳杰,殷小敏,张彦伟,等.新型油基泥浆测井电成像方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):790-796.LIU Jie,YIN Xiaomin,ZHANG Yanwei,et al.A novel approach for borehole electrical imaging in oil-based mud[J].Process in Geophysics,2015,30(2):790-796.
[18]高霞,谢庆宾.储层裂缝识别与评价方法新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1460-1465.GAO Xia,XIE Qingbin.Advances in identification and evaluation of fracture[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1460-1465.
[19]CHEN G,CHUI C K.A modified adaptive Kalman filter for realtime applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,1991,27(1):149-154.