饲喂浮萍对黄粉虫生长发育及繁殖的影响
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摘要
为探索浮萍Lemna minor生物质利用新途径,解决浮萍在污水中引起的二次污染现象,本研究利用黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L.食性杂,易饲养,可转化利用多种有机生物质资源的的特性,将浮萍烘干、磨碎后,与麦麸配制成50%浮萍∶50%麦麸,60%浮萍∶40%麦麸,70%浮萍∶30%麦麸,80%浮萍∶20%麦麸不同比例的混合饲料(加水使饲料含水量保持为18%)来饲养黄粉虫幼虫(以纯麦麸为对照组);同时以浮萍替代豆饼作为添加料,按照白菜∶麦麸∶浮萍=10∶4∶1做成混合饲料饲养成虫,来研究浮萍对黄粉虫生长发育及繁殖的影响。结果显示:与纯麦麸相比,幼虫试验中各处理组的生物量增长率、饲料利用率均降低,死亡率增高,而饲喂"50%浮萍∶50%麦麸"饲料的黄粉虫幼虫的各指标与对照组差异不显著,为最佳浮萍饲料配比;在成虫试验中,以浮萍为添加料的成虫单雌产卵量为586.33±6.84粒,成虫寿命为105.5±1.43 d,均显著高于以豆饼为添加料的对照组。本研究对利用黄粉虫转化处理浮萍的效果做出了初步评价,即黄粉虫取食转化浮萍是可行的,为浮萍的生物质利用提供参考。
In order to explore the utilization of Lemna minor biomass in new ways,and to solve the second pollution phenomenon caused by it in wastewater. In the study,we make use of some characteristics of Tenebrio molitor L.,such as omnivorous,easy to breed and can utilizate of a variety of organic biomass resources,to transform and utilize Lemna minor. First,we dried Lemna minor to constant weight and mixed with wheat bran in different proportions( add water to keep the water content of these artificial diet at18%): "50% Lemna minor ∶ 50% wheat bran","60% Lemna minor: 40% wheat bran","70% Lemna minor ∶ 30% wheat bran","80% Lemna minor ∶ 20% wheat bran" to feed Tenebrio molitor larvae( pure wheat bran as the control group); Then,we use Lemna minor instead of bean cake as additive feed to adult,in accordance with the cabbage ∶ wheat bran ∶ Lemna minor = 10 ∶ 4 ∶ 1 to make mixed artificial feed.The results showed that: in larval test,compared with pure wheat bran,each group of grouth rate and the efficiency of diet utilization were reduced,mortality increased. However,most indexes of group "50%Lemna minor ∶ 50% wheat bran" was not changed significantly with pure wheat bran,so it was the optimalLemna minor feed ratio; As with the adult test,in the group of adding Lemna minor as the addition,single female fecundity was 586. 33 ± 6. 84 grain and adult longevity was 105. 5 ± 1. 43 days,significantly higher than those in the control group( with bean cake as the addition). So a preliminary assessment of conversion efficiency of Lemna minor by Tenebrio molitor indicated that feeding with Lemna minor to Tenebrio molitor is feasible,and that also provides a reference for the use of Lemna minor biomass.
In order to explore the utilization of Lemna minor biomass in new ways,and to solve the second pollution phenomenon caused by it in wastewater. In the study,we make use of some characteristics of Tenebrio molitor L.,such as omnivorous,easy to breed and can utilizate of a variety of organic biomass resources,to transform and utilize Lemna minor. First,we dried Lemna minor to constant weight and mixed with wheat bran in different proportions( add water to keep the water content of these artificial diet at18%): "50% Lemna minor ∶ 50% wheat bran","60% Lemna minor: 40% wheat bran","70% Lemna minor ∶ 30% wheat bran","80% Lemna minor ∶ 20% wheat bran" to feed Tenebrio molitor larvae( pure wheat bran as the control group); Then,we use Lemna minor instead of bean cake as additive feed to adult,in accordance with the cabbage ∶ wheat bran ∶ Lemna minor = 10 ∶ 4 ∶ 1 to make mixed artificial feed.The results showed that: in larval test,compared with pure wheat bran,each group of grouth rate and the efficiency of diet utilization were reduced,mortality increased. However,most indexes of group "50%Lemna minor ∶ 50% wheat bran" was not changed significantly with pure wheat bran,so it was the optimalLemna minor feed ratio; As with the adult test,in the group of adding Lemna minor as the addition,single female fecundity was 586. 33 ± 6. 84 grain and adult longevity was 105. 5 ± 1. 43 days,significantly higher than those in the control group( with bean cake as the addition). So a preliminary assessment of conversion efficiency of Lemna minor by Tenebrio molitor indicated that feeding with Lemna minor to Tenebrio molitor is feasible,and that also provides a reference for the use of Lemna minor biomass.
引文
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Wang CJ,Xiong XL,Li T,et al.Fermentation of corn straw feeding Tenebrio molitor[J].Development and Utilization of Resources,2015(11):66-69.[王崇均,熊晓莉,李涛,等.发酵玉米秸秆饲养黄粉虫[J].资源开发与利用,2015(11):66-69]
Wang CQ,Ma ML,Ding XW,et al.Effect of different proportion of wheat bran and corn stalk powder on the growth performance of larvae of Tenebrio molitor[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(1):210-212.[王春清,马铭龙,丁秀文,等.不同比例麦麸和玉米秸秆对黄粉幼虫生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(1):210-212]
Wang SZ.A method of making fermented feed to Tenebrio molitor[P].China,Patent,201410225633.2.2014-05-24.[王世准.一种黄粉虫的发酵饲料制作方法[P].中国,发明专利,201410225633.2.2014-05-24]
Wu FZ,Lin HF,Liu ZH,et al.Effects of achyranthes bidentata on growth and development of Tenebrio molitor L's larva[J].Journal of Economic Animal,2006,10(2):94-100.[吴福中,林华峰,刘志红,等.怀牛膝对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育影响的研究[J].经济动物学报,2006,10(2):94-100]
Xu XY,Liu YS,Wang XB.A method of using Tenebrio molitor to transform waste vegetable[P].China,Patent,201410190210.1.2014-5-17.[徐晓燕,刘玉升,王小波.一种利用黄粉虫转化处理废弃蔬菜的方法[P].中国,发明专利,201410190210.1.2014-5-17]
Yang ZF,Ni M,Huang M,et al.Adult fertility of Tenebiro molitor L.and the faetors influencing its larval growth[J].Entomological Knowledge,1999,36(1):24-27.[杨兆芬,倪明,黄敏,等.黄粉虫成虫繁殖力及影响幼虫发育的因素[J].昆虫知识,1999,36(1):24-27]
Zhou LB,Xu DY,Xu XQ,et al.The pretreatment methods of using Tenebrio molitor to utilize kitchen waste[P].China,Patent,201310050356.1.2013-02-09.[周本留,许德远,徐向全,等.利用黄粉虫处理餐厨废弃物预处理物的方法[P].中国,发明专利,201310050356.1.2013-02-09]
Zhuo SM,Liu C.The test on add several waste materials in the diets of Tenebrio molitor[J].Journal of Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in China,2009,27(9):17-19.[卓少明,刘聪.几种废弃物作添加料养殖黄粉虫的试验[J].中国资源综合利用,2009,27(9):17-19]
Bonomo L,Pastoreli G,Zambon N.Advantage and limitations of duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems[J].Water Sci.Technol.,1997,35(5):239-246.
Chen GF,Liu TJ.Study on the biological characteristics and cultivation technology of Tenebrio molitor[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University(Natural Science),1992,8(1):66-74.[陈根富,刘团举.黄粉虫的生物学特性及养殖技术的研究[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1992,8(1):66-74]
Gu XJ,Wang WG,Hu QC.The environmental remediation and utilization of biomass resources of duckweed[J].China Biogas,2013,31(5):15-19.[顾新娇,王文国,胡启春.浮萍环境修复与生物质资源化利用研究进展[J].中国沼气,2013,31(5):15-19]
Gao HL,Zhang L,Li HT,et al.The accumulation test on heavy metals in municipal sewage sludge of Tenebrio molitor larvae[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(1):150-154.[高红莉,张硌,李洪涛,等.黄粉虫幼虫对城市污泥重金属的积累作用[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):150-154]
Haustein AT,Gilman RH,Skilicom PW,et al.Performance of broile chickens fed diets containing duckweed(Lemma gibbal)[J].Journal of Agricultrual Science,1994,122:285-289.
Huang H,Liu J,Zhao H,et al.The purification effect of duckweed to nitrogen and phosphorus of the sewage in duckweed cultured systems[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26:242-245.[黄辉,刘杰,赵浩,等.浮萍放养体系对污水氮磷的净化效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26:242-245]
Hu DQ,He Y,Jiang JZ,et al.Effects of different feed on the egglaying amount of Tenebrio molitor Imago[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2016,44(1):93-94.[胡登乾,何勇,姜金仲,等.不同饲料对黄粉虫成虫产卵量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(1):93-94]
Hou WH,Song GL,Wang QH.The application of duckweed in polluted water[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2004,17:70-73.[侯文华,宋关玲,汪群慧.浮萍在水体污染治理中的应用[J].环境科学研究,2004,17:70-73]
Liu YS.The Tenebiro molitor Linne[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,2002.[刘玉升.黄粉虫[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002]
Liu N,Fu WD,Zhang GL,et al.Influence of feeding on Flaveria bidentis on growth,development and reproduction in Tenebrio molitor[J].Journal of Biosafety,2012,21(2):163-166.[刘宁,付卫东,张国良,等.饲喂黄顶菊对黄粉虫生长发育及繁殖的影响[J].生物安全学报,2012,21(2):163-166]
Liu YS,Wang FB,Cui JX,et al.Study on the resources of Tenebrio molitor L.utilization status and progress[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2010,32(1):106-114.[刘玉升,王付彬,崔俊霞,等.黄粉虫资源研究利用现状与进展[J].环境昆虫学报,2010,32(1):106-114]
Li XB,Cai FG,Deng YS.Research progress of duckweed feeding value[J].Feed Research,2011,(10):3-6.[李新波,蔡发国,邓岳松.浮萍饲用价值研究进展[J].饲料研究,2011,(10):3-6]
Liu YS,The Production and Integrated Application Technology of Tenebrio molitor[M].Chinese Agriculture Press,2006.[刘玉升.黄粉虫生产与综合应用技术[M].中国农业出版社,2006]
Mao P,Huang DX,Wang YH,et al.The trend analysis of Lemna minor based on web of science[J].Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology,2014,16(3):177-184.[毛萍,黄东晓,王芋华等.基于Web of Science的浮萍研究态势分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(3):177-184]
Wang CJ,Xiong XL,Li T,et al.Fermentation of corn straw feeding Tenebrio molitor[J].Development and Utilization of Resources,2015(11):66-69.[王崇均,熊晓莉,李涛,等.发酵玉米秸秆饲养黄粉虫[J].资源开发与利用,2015(11):66-69]
Wang CQ,Ma ML,Ding XW,et al.Effect of different proportion of wheat bran and corn stalk powder on the growth performance of larvae of Tenebrio molitor[J].China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(1):210-212.[王春清,马铭龙,丁秀文,等.不同比例麦麸和玉米秸秆对黄粉幼虫生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(1):210-212]
Wang SZ.A method of making fermented feed to Tenebrio molitor[P].China,Patent,201410225633.2.2014-05-24.[王世准.一种黄粉虫的发酵饲料制作方法[P].中国,发明专利,201410225633.2.2014-05-24]
Wu FZ,Lin HF,Liu ZH,et al.Effects of achyranthes bidentata on growth and development of Tenebrio molitor L's larva[J].Journal of Economic Animal,2006,10(2):94-100.[吴福中,林华峰,刘志红,等.怀牛膝对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育影响的研究[J].经济动物学报,2006,10(2):94-100]
Xu XY,Liu YS,Wang XB.A method of using Tenebrio molitor to transform waste vegetable[P].China,Patent,201410190210.1.2014-5-17.[徐晓燕,刘玉升,王小波.一种利用黄粉虫转化处理废弃蔬菜的方法[P].中国,发明专利,201410190210.1.2014-5-17]
Yang ZF,Ni M,Huang M,et al.Adult fertility of Tenebiro molitor L.and the faetors influencing its larval growth[J].Entomological Knowledge,1999,36(1):24-27.[杨兆芬,倪明,黄敏,等.黄粉虫成虫繁殖力及影响幼虫发育的因素[J].昆虫知识,1999,36(1):24-27]
Zhou LB,Xu DY,Xu XQ,et al.The pretreatment methods of using Tenebrio molitor to utilize kitchen waste[P].China,Patent,201310050356.1.2013-02-09.[周本留,许德远,徐向全,等.利用黄粉虫处理餐厨废弃物预处理物的方法[P].中国,发明专利,201310050356.1.2013-02-09]
Zhuo SM,Liu C.The test on add several waste materials in the diets of Tenebrio molitor[J].Journal of Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in China,2009,27(9):17-19.[卓少明,刘聪.几种废弃物作添加料养殖黄粉虫的试验[J].中国资源综合利用,2009,27(9):17-19]