从月球背面到深邃宇宙——2018年太空探索主要进展评述
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摘要
2018年,人类在太空探索方面取得重要进展。中国"嫦娥四号"探测器成功登陆月球背面,着陆点位于南极艾特肯盆地的冯·卡门撞击坑,实现人类航天器首次登陆月球背面;之后,中国探月工程将在完成月球采样返回后,朝着建设月球科研站的方向前进。在火星探测方面,重点是回答火星上是否曾经有过适宜生命生存的环境及其持续时间,而中国的火星探测器已在研制中,将于下一发射窗口发射升空。在引力波探测方面,中国启动以地面观测为主的阿里原初引力波探测计划以及以空间观测为主的天琴计划和太极计划,有望在这一领域做出重要贡献。多信使探测宇宙、寻找太阳系外的宜居行星是天文和天体物理领域的研究前沿和热点领域,正在酝酿新的突破。
We review the significant progress in space exploration in this article. China's Chang'E-4 lunar lander and rover successfully landed on the far side of the moon with t he landing site in the von Carmen crater in the South-Pole Aitken Basin. This is the first spacecraft that landed on the far side the moon. As planned, Chang'E-5 will return lunar rocks and soil samples in 2019. Subsequently,China's Lunar Exploration Program is going to construct a lunar research station in the future. In terms of Mars exploration, the key task is to answer whether there was a suitable environment for life on Mars and its duration. China's Mars probe is already under development and will be launched in the next launch window. In terms of gravitational wave detection, China is launching the Ali original gravitational wave detection plan which is based on ground observation. Meanwhile, two plans on gravitational wave detection in space have been proposed,called the Taiji plan and Tianqin plan. They are expected to make important contributions in this field. Observation of universe by multimessengers and searching for habitable exoplanets are the frontiers in the field of astronomy and astrophysics. New breakthrough is forthcoming.
We review the significant progress in space exploration in this article. China's Chang'E-4 lunar lander and rover successfully landed on the far side of the moon with t he landing site in the von Carmen crater in the South-Pole Aitken Basin. This is the first spacecraft that landed on the far side the moon. As planned, Chang'E-5 will return lunar rocks and soil samples in 2019. Subsequently,China's Lunar Exploration Program is going to construct a lunar research station in the future. In terms of Mars exploration, the key task is to answer whether there was a suitable environment for life on Mars and its duration. China's Mars probe is already under development and will be launched in the next launch window. In terms of gravitational wave detection, China is launching the Ali original gravitational wave detection plan which is based on ground observation. Meanwhile, two plans on gravitational wave detection in space have been proposed,called the Taiji plan and Tianqin plan. They are expected to make important contributions in this field. Observation of universe by multimessengers and searching for habitable exoplanets are the frontiers in the field of astronomy and astrophysics. New breakthrough is forthcoming.
引文
[1]吴伟仁,王琼,唐玉华,等.“嫦娥4号”月球背面软着陆任务设计[J].深空探测学报, 2017, 4(2):111-117.Wu Weiren, Wang Qiong, Tang Yuhua, et al. Design of Chang'E-4 lunar farside soft-landing mission[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration, 2017, 4(2):111-117.
[2] Rice M S, Gupta S, Treiman A H, et al. Geologic overview of the Mars science laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley,Gale Crater, Mars:Overview of MSL at the Kimberley[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 2017, 122(1):2-20.
[2] Rice M S, Gupta S, Treiman A H, et al. Geologic overview of the Mars science laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley,Gale Crater, Mars:Overview of MSL at the Kimberley[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 2017, 122(1):2-20.