中国改革开放成就的制度支撑
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摘要
改革开放40多年来,在中国经济成就的背后,制度发挥了重要而直接的作用。中国制度的根本语境是一个追赶发展的大国,其制度关键是处理好多元社会和一元统理之间的平衡,需强调集中统一领导体制下的有效治理。这一制度的贡献在于其丰富了世界发展模式和政治制度的多样性与差异性,建立了一套后发国家的追赶型治理制度与发展模式,同时保持了及时回应变化与挑战的制度弹性。中国制度的基本特征包括形成集中统一执政党领导制度、人民当家作主的政体制度、民主协商的多党合作制度、动态平衡的中央与地方关系制度、民族平等与区域自治的民族自治制度、多元共治的基层社会治理制度等六大维度。
Institution plays an important and direct role behind the economic achievements of China in the forty years since the reform and opening-up.The basic context of Chinese institution is a great power in catch-up development,and the institutional hinge is the balance between diversified society and unified rule as well as the effective governance under an centralized and unified regime.This institution has enriched the diversity and dissimilarity of development mode and political system in the world,established a set of catch-up governance institution and development mode for backward countries,and meanwhile remained the institutional flexibility of timely responding to changes and challenges.The basic characteristics of Chinese institution include six dimensions,that is,a centralized and unified system of leadership,a polity system of people sovereignty,a multi-party cooperation system of democratic deliberation,a system of dynamically balanced central-local relationship,a nationality autonomy system of equality of nationality and regional autonomy,and a basic-level social governance system of pluralistic co-governance.
Institution plays an important and direct role behind the economic achievements of China in the forty years since the reform and opening-up.The basic context of Chinese institution is a great power in catch-up development,and the institutional hinge is the balance between diversified society and unified rule as well as the effective governance under an centralized and unified regime.This institution has enriched the diversity and dissimilarity of development mode and political system in the world,established a set of catch-up governance institution and development mode for backward countries,and meanwhile remained the institutional flexibility of timely responding to changes and challenges.The basic characteristics of Chinese institution include six dimensions,that is,a centralized and unified system of leadership,a polity system of people sovereignty,a multi-party cooperation system of democratic deliberation,a system of dynamically balanced central-local relationship,a nationality autonomy system of equality of nationality and regional autonomy,and a basic-level social governance system of pluralistic co-governance.
引文
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[2]林毅夫.解读中国经济(增订版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014.
[3]邓小平文选:第二卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
[4][英]罗伯特·艾伦.全球经济史[M].陆赟译.南京:译林出版社,2014.
[5]姚洋.作为制度创新过程的经济改革[M].上海:格致出版社、上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2016.
[6]周雪光.中国国家治理及其模式[J].学术月刊,2014(10).
[7]王绍光.国家治理与基础性国家能力[J].华中科技大学学报,2014(3).
[8]林尚立.在有效性中累积合法性:中国政治发展的路径选择[J].复旦大学学报,2009(2).
[9]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[N].人民日报,2017-10-28.
[10]王若磊.政党权威与法治建构[J].环球法律评论,2015(10).
[11][美]汉娜·费尼切尔·皮特金.代表的概念[M].唐海华译.长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2014.
[12][美]塞缪尔·亨廷顿.变化社会中的政治秩序[M].王冠华,刘为译.上海:上海人民出版社,2008.
[13]马克思恩格斯选集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[14]习近平.在庆祝中国人民政治协商会议成立65周年大会上的讲话[N].人民日报,2014-09-22.
[15]周雪光.从“黄宗羲定律”到帝国的逻辑[J].开放时代,2014(4).
[16]钱穆.中国历代政治得失[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2001.