浑善达克沙地大气降尘颗粒物特征研究
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摘要
探讨近地层大气降尘量及其颗粒物粒径分布和固沙植被对降尘的控制效应,对评价沙区固沙植被生态功能具有重要意义。利用沙尘水平通量采集器和垂直降尘缸采集了浑善达克沙地多伦县近地层不同高度(50、100和200 cm)沙尘样品,并利用称重法和激光颗粒分析仪分别测定大气降尘量和颗粒物粒径分布特征。结果表明,50、100、120、200 cm高度水平沙尘通量分别为327.1、196.3、199.6、116.4 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1);50、100、200 cm高度垂直降尘量分别为518.6、270.6、34.6 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)。水平沙尘通量中颗粒物粒径主要分布在2μm以下,且随着高度增加,水平沙尘通量中的极细颗粒物含量总体呈增加趋势。垂直降尘颗粒物粒径主要分布在100~250μm范围内,且随着高度增加,200μm及以下粒径的颗粒物含量呈降低趋势,而200μm以上粒径的颗粒物含量则呈增加趋势。乔木林地拦截降尘量高于天然草地,且天然草地拦截大气降尘颗粒物粒径分布在50~150μm之间,乔木林地拦截大气降尘颗粒物粒径分布在150~250μm之间。垂直降尘量或水平沙尘通量随高度增加而减少,而颗粒物粒径分布差异明显;不同固沙植被的降尘量及其颗粒物粒径分布不同。
To discuss the atmospheric dust deposition and the distributing features of particulate matter size or dust control effect of sand-fixing plants is of great significance for evaluating the ecological function of sand-fixing plants in sandy area.In this paper,through collecting the dust samples at different heights(50,100 and 200 cm)near the ground in Duolun County by use of horizontal flux collector of dust and vertical dust deposition gauge,the atmospheric dust deposition and the distributing features of particulate matter size had been separately measured by use of weighting method and laser granulometry.The results showed that the horizontal dust flux at height of 50,100,150 and 200 cm was 327.1,196.3,199.6 and 116.4 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),respectively.The vertical dust deposition at height of 50,100 and 200 cm was 518.6,270.6 and 34.6 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),respectively.In horizontal dust flux,the particulate matter size was below 2μm,and the content of fine particulate matter presented an increasing trend with the increase of height.The particulate matter size of vertical dust deposition was in the range of 100~250μm,with the increase of height,the content of particulate matter at and below 200μm presented a decreasing trend,while the one above 200μm presented an increasing trend.The dust deposition of arbor forest was higher than natural grassland.The particulate matter size of atmospheric dust fall intercepted by natural grassland was from 50μm to 150μm,while the one was from 150μm to 250μm in arbor forest.The research results show that the vertical dust deposition or horizontal dust flux has decreased with the increasing of height,there is obvious distributing difference of particulate matter size,and the dust deposition and the particulate matter size are different from the different sand-fixing plants.
To discuss the atmospheric dust deposition and the distributing features of particulate matter size or dust control effect of sand-fixing plants is of great significance for evaluating the ecological function of sand-fixing plants in sandy area.In this paper,through collecting the dust samples at different heights(50,100 and 200 cm)near the ground in Duolun County by use of horizontal flux collector of dust and vertical dust deposition gauge,the atmospheric dust deposition and the distributing features of particulate matter size had been separately measured by use of weighting method and laser granulometry.The results showed that the horizontal dust flux at height of 50,100,150 and 200 cm was 327.1,196.3,199.6 and 116.4 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),respectively.The vertical dust deposition at height of 50,100 and 200 cm was 518.6,270.6 and 34.6 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),respectively.In horizontal dust flux,the particulate matter size was below 2μm,and the content of fine particulate matter presented an increasing trend with the increase of height.The particulate matter size of vertical dust deposition was in the range of 100~250μm,with the increase of height,the content of particulate matter at and below 200μm presented a decreasing trend,while the one above 200μm presented an increasing trend.The dust deposition of arbor forest was higher than natural grassland.The particulate matter size of atmospheric dust fall intercepted by natural grassland was from 50μm to 150μm,while the one was from 150μm to 250μm in arbor forest.The research results show that the vertical dust deposition or horizontal dust flux has decreased with the increasing of height,there is obvious distributing difference of particulate matter size,and the dust deposition and the particulate matter size are different from the different sand-fixing plants.
引文
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师华定,史华伟,白鹤鸣,等.2014.沙尘与大雾天气对京津石空气质量影响[J].生态环境学报,23(2):262-266.
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玉散·吐拉甫,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,王新明,等.2017.极干旱地区沙尘与非沙尘天气PM2.5及所含金属元素的浓度特征分析[J].生态环境学报,26(9):1529-1538.
闫婷,王春.2017.多伦县防沙治沙工程建设成效分析[J].内蒙古林业科技,43(3):18-20.
杨兴华,何清,艾力·买买提依明,等.2013.塔克拉玛干沙漠东南缘沙尘暴过程中近地表沙尘水平通量观测研究[J].中国沙漠,36(6):1299-1304.
张宏升,朱好,彭艳,等.2007.沙尘天气过程沙地下垫面沙尘通量的获取与分析研究[J].气象学报,65(5):744-752.
张锦春,赵明,方峨天,等.2008.民勤沙尘源区近地面降尘特征研究[J].环境科学研究,21(3):17-22.
张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国.2010.腾格里沙漠东南部近地层沙尘水平通量和降尘量随高度的变化特征[J].环境科学研究,23(2):165-169.
GOOSSENS D,GROSS J,SPAAN W.2001.Aeolian dust dynamics agricultural land areas in lower Saxony,Germany[J].Earth Surferce and Process and Landforms,26(7):701-720.
OFFER Z Y,GOOSSENS D.2004.Thirteen years of aeolian dust dynamics in a desert region(Negev desert,Israel):analysis of horizontsl and vertical dust flux,vertical dust distribution and dust grain size[J].Journal of Arid Environments,57(1):117-140.
SHAO Y P,LESLIE L M.1997.Wind erosion prediction over the Australian continent[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,102(22):30091-30105.
ZOBECK T M,SCOTT VAN P B.2006.Wind induced dust generation and transport mechanics on a bare agriculture field[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,132(1):26-38.
陈新闯,董智,李锦荣,等.2016.乌兰布和沙漠不同下垫面冬季沙尘通量[J].中国沙漠,36(6):1527-1532.
康永德,夏开伟,杨兴华,等.2017.近地层沙尘水平通量与集沙效率野外观测分析[J].农业工程学报,33(13):168-174.
罗凤敏,辛智鸣,高君亮,等.2016.乌兰布和沙漠东北缘近地层风速和降尘量特征[J].农业工程学报,32(24):147-151.
李思思,黄正旭,王存美,等.2017.张家口市一次沙尘天气气溶胶单颗粒理化特征和来源研究[J].生态环境学报,26(3):437-444.
刘新春,代亚亚,陈红娜,等.2017.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气过程粗细颗粒中水溶性离子组分垂直分布特征[J].生态环境学报,26(6):991-1000.
刘艳萍,高永.2003.防护林降解近地表沙降尘机理的研究[J].水土保持学报,17(1):162-165.
邱雪,张明军,王圣杰.2015.西北干旱区PM10浓度特征及其与水平能见度的关系[J].生态环境学报,24(03):436-443.
师华定,史华伟,白鹤鸣,等.2014.沙尘与大雾天气对京津石空气质量影响[J].生态环境学报,23(2):262-266.
王明仕,李晗,王明娅,等.2014.中国大气降尘地域性分布特征研究[J].生态环境学报,23(12):1933-1937.
玉散·吐拉甫,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,王新明,等.2017.极干旱地区沙尘与非沙尘天气PM2.5及所含金属元素的浓度特征分析[J].生态环境学报,26(9):1529-1538.
闫婷,王春.2017.多伦县防沙治沙工程建设成效分析[J].内蒙古林业科技,43(3):18-20.
杨兴华,何清,艾力·买买提依明,等.2013.塔克拉玛干沙漠东南缘沙尘暴过程中近地表沙尘水平通量观测研究[J].中国沙漠,36(6):1299-1304.
张宏升,朱好,彭艳,等.2007.沙尘天气过程沙地下垫面沙尘通量的获取与分析研究[J].气象学报,65(5):744-752.
张锦春,赵明,方峨天,等.2008.民勤沙尘源区近地面降尘特征研究[J].环境科学研究,21(3):17-22.
张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国.2010.腾格里沙漠东南部近地层沙尘水平通量和降尘量随高度的变化特征[J].环境科学研究,23(2):165-169.