渤海BZ油田鸟足状浅水三角洲指状砂坝储层剩余油分布特征
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摘要
渤海BZ油田明下段储层内发育呈窄条带状分布的鸟足状浅水三角洲前缘指状砂坝,并由分流河道、河口坝及天然堤砂体组成,其强储层非均质性导致剩余油分布复杂。利用地质分析及数值模拟方法,分析了研究区指状砂坝储层非均质性特征及对剩余油分布的控制作用。研究发现:①宽条带状或近连片状的叠置指状砂坝内部多发育稳定的泥质隔层,在合层开采时,相对低渗储层剩余油富集,在注水井钻遇局部切叠部位时,上部砂体剩余油富集;②指状砂坝的宽度为100～1 000 m,宽度小于600 m的窄条带状指状砂坝内剩余油富集;③指状砂坝边部的物性最差,剩余油富集;中部的相对高渗砂体呈孤立透镜状分布,导致剩余油区易呈离散状分布;④指状砂坝内以底部水淹为主,正韵律砂体水淹厚度最小,反韵律砂体的水淹厚度最大,复合反正韵律砂体的水淹厚度与分流河道所占厚度呈负相关关系,总体上,指状砂坝的水淹厚度随着渗透率非均质性的增强具有降低的趋势。
The narrow striped finger bar of bird-foot shoal water delta front developed in the lower Member of Neogene Minghuazhen Formation, BZ Oilfield, consists of the distributary channel, mouth bar and levee. It has strong architectural heterogeneity leading to the complex distribution of remaining oil. This paper studies the effect of the reservoir heterogeneity on distribution of remaining oil in study area by geological analysis and numerical simulation method. The result shows:①The stable muddy interlayer is developed within the wide striped or sheet superimposed finger bar. The remaining oil is distributed in the relatively low permeable sand bodies by multiple sand producing. When injection well drilling works at the connected parts, the remaining oil is distributed at upper part of superimposed finger bars. ②The width of finger bars ranges from 100 m to 1 000 m. The remaining oil is enriched largely in narrow banded finger bars(width is less than 600 m). ③The remaining oil is enriched in the edge of finger bars with low permeability, while it is distributed dispersedly in central finger bars because the relatively high permeable sand body is isolated and lenticular. ④Water commonly floods in the bottom of the single finger bar. The thickness of water flooding is thin for the fining upwards sand body versus the coarsening upwards sand body. The thickness of water flooding decreases with increasing of thickness of the distributary channel for the complex coarsening-fining upwards sand body. The thickness of water flooding for finger bars almost tends to decrease with the increase of the permeability heterogeneity.
The narrow striped finger bar of bird-foot shoal water delta front developed in the lower Member of Neogene Minghuazhen Formation, BZ Oilfield, consists of the distributary channel, mouth bar and levee. It has strong architectural heterogeneity leading to the complex distribution of remaining oil. This paper studies the effect of the reservoir heterogeneity on distribution of remaining oil in study area by geological analysis and numerical simulation method. The result shows:①The stable muddy interlayer is developed within the wide striped or sheet superimposed finger bar. The remaining oil is distributed in the relatively low permeable sand bodies by multiple sand producing. When injection well drilling works at the connected parts, the remaining oil is distributed at upper part of superimposed finger bars. ②The width of finger bars ranges from 100 m to 1 000 m. The remaining oil is enriched largely in narrow banded finger bars(width is less than 600 m). ③The remaining oil is enriched in the edge of finger bars with low permeability, while it is distributed dispersedly in central finger bars because the relatively high permeable sand body is isolated and lenticular. ④Water commonly floods in the bottom of the single finger bar. The thickness of water flooding is thin for the fining upwards sand body versus the coarsening upwards sand body. The thickness of water flooding decreases with increasing of thickness of the distributary channel for the complex coarsening-fining upwards sand body. The thickness of water flooding for finger bars almost tends to decrease with the increase of the permeability heterogeneity.
引文
[1] 韩大匡.准确预测剩余油相对富集区提高油田注水采收率研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):73-78.
[2] 林承焰,余成林,董春梅,等.老油田剩余油分布:水下分流河道岔道口剩余油富集[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):829-835.
[3] Geleynse N, Storms J E A, Walstra D R, et al.Controls on river delta formation: Insights from numerical modelling[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,302(1/2):217-226.
[4] Olariu C, Bhattacharya J P.Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76(1/2):212-233.
[5] Postma G.An analysis of the variation in delta architecture[J].Terra Nova,1990,2(2):124-130.
[6] Shaw J B, Mohrig D, Wagner R W.Flow patterns and morphology of a prograding river delta[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2016,121(2):372-391.
[7] 郭英海, 刘焕杰, 李壮福, 等.晋中北山西组浅水三角洲沉积特征及聚煤作用[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995,24(1):64-70.
[8] 金振奎, 李燕, 高白水, 等.现代缓坡三角洲沉积模式:以鄱阳湖赣江三角洲为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):710-723.
[9] 楼章华, 兰翔, 卢庆梅, 等.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用:以松辽盆地北部东区葡萄花油层为例[J].地质学报,1999,73(1):83-92.
[10] 姚光庆, 马正, 赵彦超, 等.浅水三角洲分流河道砂体储层特征[J].石油学报,1995,16(1):24-31.
[11] 于兴河, 李胜利, 李顺利.三角洲沉积的结构:成因分类与编图方法[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):782-797.
[12] Fisk H N.Sedimentary framework of the Modern Mississippi Delta[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1954,24(2):76-99.
[13] 朱筱敏, 刘媛, 方庆, 等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99.
[14] 贾强,吕大伟.山东金桥矿区含煤地层层序划分与聚煤作用[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(4):77-82.
[15] 邹才能, 赵文智, 张兴阳, 等.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825.
[16] Burpee A P, Slingerland R L, Edmonds D A, et al.Grain-size controls on the morphology and internal geometry of river-dominated deltas[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2015,85(6):699-714.
[17] Caldwell R L, Edmonds D A.The effects of sediment properties on deltaic processes and morphologies: A numerical modeling study[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2014,119(5):961-982.
[18] Donaldon C A.Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central appalachians[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,1974,148:47-48.
[19] Edmonds D A, Slingerland R L.Significant effect of sediment cohesion on delta morphology[J].Nature Geoscience,2010,3(2):105-109.
[20] Fisher W L, Brown L F, Scott A J, et al.Delta systems in the exploration for oil and gas[R].Austin:University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology,1969.
[21] Donaldson A C.Deltaic sands and sandstones[M].[S.l.]:Wyoming Geological Association,1966:31-62.
[22] 朱永进,张昌民,尹太举.叠覆式浅水三角洲沉积特征与沉积模拟[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(3):59-65.
[23] 高树新, 杨少春, 王志欣, 等.胜坨油田二区三角洲砂岩油藏剩余油形成的影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(5):7-11.
[24] 赵彬, 侯加根, 张国一, 等.哥伦比亚Velasquez油田始新统Guaduas组沉积微相与剩余油分布[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(5):1384-1392.
[25] 林承焰, 余成林, 董春梅, 等.老油田剩余油分布:水下分流河道岔道口剩余油富集[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):829-835.
[26] 封从军, 鲍志东, 陈炳春, 等.扶余油田基于单因素解析多因素耦合的剩余油预测[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):465-471.
[27] 梁宏伟, 吴胜和, 王军, 等.基准面旋回对河口坝储集层微观非均质性影响:以胜坨油田三区沙二段9砂层组河口坝储集层为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):436-442.
[28] 封从军,鲍志东,杨玲,等.三角洲前缘水下分流河道储集层构型及剩余油分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):323-329.
[29] 印森林, 陈恭洋, 戴春明, 等.河口坝内部储层构型及剩余油分布特征:以大港油田枣南断块长轴缓坡辫状河三角洲为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):630-639.
[30] 韩雪芳,颜冠山,刘宗宾,等.基于单成因砂体的三角洲前缘油水运动规律:以渤海湾盆地Z油田东营组二段下亚段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017.38(2):241-247.
[31] 李佳鸿,宋新民,王友净,等.安塞油田王窑老区特低渗透油藏储层厚砂体精细解剖[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(1):129-136.
[32] 张建新,胡德胜,何卫军,等.北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东区流三段沉积体系发育特征及控制因素分析[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(5):8-15.
[33] 张昌民,尹太举,朱永进,等.浅水三角洲沉积模式[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):933-944.
[34] 尹太举,李宣玥,张昌民,等.现代浅水湖盆三角洲沉积砂体形态特征:以洞庭湖和鄱阳湖为例[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(10):1-7.
[35] 王昌勇,郑荣才,李忠权,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长8油层组岩性油藏特征[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(3):69-74.
[36] 刘柳红,朱如凯,罗平,等.川中地区须五段—须六段浅水三角洲沉积特征与模式[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):667-675.
[37] 孟昊,钟大康,李超,等.渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷渤中25-1油田古近系沙河街组沙二段沉积相及演化[J].古地理学报,2016,18(2):161-172.
[38] 邓运华,李建平.浅层油气藏的形成机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:50-100.
[2] 林承焰,余成林,董春梅,等.老油田剩余油分布:水下分流河道岔道口剩余油富集[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):829-835.
[3] Geleynse N, Storms J E A, Walstra D R, et al.Controls on river delta formation: Insights from numerical modelling[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,302(1/2):217-226.
[4] Olariu C, Bhattacharya J P.Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76(1/2):212-233.
[5] Postma G.An analysis of the variation in delta architecture[J].Terra Nova,1990,2(2):124-130.
[6] Shaw J B, Mohrig D, Wagner R W.Flow patterns and morphology of a prograding river delta[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2016,121(2):372-391.
[7] 郭英海, 刘焕杰, 李壮福, 等.晋中北山西组浅水三角洲沉积特征及聚煤作用[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995,24(1):64-70.
[8] 金振奎, 李燕, 高白水, 等.现代缓坡三角洲沉积模式:以鄱阳湖赣江三角洲为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):710-723.
[9] 楼章华, 兰翔, 卢庆梅, 等.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用:以松辽盆地北部东区葡萄花油层为例[J].地质学报,1999,73(1):83-92.
[10] 姚光庆, 马正, 赵彦超, 等.浅水三角洲分流河道砂体储层特征[J].石油学报,1995,16(1):24-31.
[11] 于兴河, 李胜利, 李顺利.三角洲沉积的结构:成因分类与编图方法[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):782-797.
[12] Fisk H N.Sedimentary framework of the Modern Mississippi Delta[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1954,24(2):76-99.
[13] 朱筱敏, 刘媛, 方庆, 等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99.
[14] 贾强,吕大伟.山东金桥矿区含煤地层层序划分与聚煤作用[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(4):77-82.
[15] 邹才能, 赵文智, 张兴阳, 等.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825.
[16] Burpee A P, Slingerland R L, Edmonds D A, et al.Grain-size controls on the morphology and internal geometry of river-dominated deltas[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2015,85(6):699-714.
[17] Caldwell R L, Edmonds D A.The effects of sediment properties on deltaic processes and morphologies: A numerical modeling study[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2014,119(5):961-982.
[18] Donaldon C A.Pennsylvanian sedimentation of central appalachians[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,1974,148:47-48.
[19] Edmonds D A, Slingerland R L.Significant effect of sediment cohesion on delta morphology[J].Nature Geoscience,2010,3(2):105-109.
[20] Fisher W L, Brown L F, Scott A J, et al.Delta systems in the exploration for oil and gas[R].Austin:University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology,1969.
[21] Donaldson A C.Deltaic sands and sandstones[M].[S.l.]:Wyoming Geological Association,1966:31-62.
[22] 朱永进,张昌民,尹太举.叠覆式浅水三角洲沉积特征与沉积模拟[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(3):59-65.
[23] 高树新, 杨少春, 王志欣, 等.胜坨油田二区三角洲砂岩油藏剩余油形成的影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(5):7-11.
[24] 赵彬, 侯加根, 张国一, 等.哥伦比亚Velasquez油田始新统Guaduas组沉积微相与剩余油分布[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(5):1384-1392.
[25] 林承焰, 余成林, 董春梅, 等.老油田剩余油分布:水下分流河道岔道口剩余油富集[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):829-835.
[26] 封从军, 鲍志东, 陈炳春, 等.扶余油田基于单因素解析多因素耦合的剩余油预测[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):465-471.
[27] 梁宏伟, 吴胜和, 王军, 等.基准面旋回对河口坝储集层微观非均质性影响:以胜坨油田三区沙二段9砂层组河口坝储集层为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):436-442.
[28] 封从军,鲍志东,杨玲,等.三角洲前缘水下分流河道储集层构型及剩余油分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):323-329.
[29] 印森林, 陈恭洋, 戴春明, 等.河口坝内部储层构型及剩余油分布特征:以大港油田枣南断块长轴缓坡辫状河三角洲为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):630-639.
[30] 韩雪芳,颜冠山,刘宗宾,等.基于单成因砂体的三角洲前缘油水运动规律:以渤海湾盆地Z油田东营组二段下亚段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017.38(2):241-247.
[31] 李佳鸿,宋新民,王友净,等.安塞油田王窑老区特低渗透油藏储层厚砂体精细解剖[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(1):129-136.
[32] 张建新,胡德胜,何卫军,等.北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东区流三段沉积体系发育特征及控制因素分析[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(5):8-15.
[33] 张昌民,尹太举,朱永进,等.浅水三角洲沉积模式[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):933-944.
[34] 尹太举,李宣玥,张昌民,等.现代浅水湖盆三角洲沉积砂体形态特征:以洞庭湖和鄱阳湖为例[J].石油天然气学报,2012,34(10):1-7.
[35] 王昌勇,郑荣才,李忠权,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长8油层组岩性油藏特征[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(3):69-74.
[36] 刘柳红,朱如凯,罗平,等.川中地区须五段—须六段浅水三角洲沉积特征与模式[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):667-675.
[37] 孟昊,钟大康,李超,等.渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷渤中25-1油田古近系沙河街组沙二段沉积相及演化[J].古地理学报,2016,18(2):161-172.
[38] 邓运华,李建平.浅层油气藏的形成机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:50-100.