江阴市某小学水痘流行病学调查研究
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摘要
目的分析江阴市某小学水痘的流行病学特征,为江阴市疾病预防控制中心开展水痘的防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2016年3月6日至5月12日江阴市某小学暴发的水痘疫情及水痘事件监测资料进行流行病学分析。结果该校共有1680名学生,第1例患儿出现于2016年3月8日,3月27日至4月2日出现第1次聚集性暴发; 4月11日至4月15日出现第2次暴发高峰; 4月19日至5月12日出现第3次聚集性暴发。所有患儿均有疱疹,53. 26%的患儿有发热症状,44. 57%的患儿有流涕症状,81. 52%的患儿有咳嗽症状,57. 61%的患儿食欲减退,所有患儿均无其他并发症。该校水痘疫苗接种率为86. 79%,曾接种疫苗儿童发病率为0. 68%(10/1458);未接种疫苗儿童发病率为36. 94%(82/222),差异有统计学意义(χ2=489. 129,P=0. 000)。结论未接种疫苗儿童是水痘易感人群;有效接种及实行严格的隔离措施可以减少儿童水痘疫情的暴发,学校应加强疫情报告管理工作,通过多种方式普及水痘防控相关知识,减少水痘疫情的发生。
Objective The epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in a primary school in Jiangyin city were analyzed to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of chickenpox in Jiangyin Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Methods The epidemiological data of chickenpox and chickenpox in a primary school in Jiangyin city from March 6 to May 12,2016 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results There were 1800 students in the school. The first child with varicella occurred in on March8,2016. There were first cluster outbreaks from March 27 to April 2,the second peak occurred from April 11 to April 15. The third peak occurred from 19 April to 12 May. All the children had herpes,53. 26% had fever,44. 57% had runny nose,81. 52% had cough,57. 61% had anorexia,and all the children had no other complications. The vaccination rate of varicella was 86. 79%. The incidence of varicella was 0. 68%(10/1458) in children who had been vaccinated and 36. 94%(82/222) in children who had not been vaccinated(χ2= 489. 129,P = 0. 000). Conclusion Effective vaccination can reduce the outbreak of chicken pox in children. Schools should strengthen the management of epidemic report,popularize relevant knowledge of chicken pox prevention and control through various ways,and reduce the occurrence of chicken pox epidemic.
Objective The epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in a primary school in Jiangyin city were analyzed to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of chickenpox in Jiangyin Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Methods The epidemiological data of chickenpox and chickenpox in a primary school in Jiangyin city from March 6 to May 12,2016 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results There were 1800 students in the school. The first child with varicella occurred in on March8,2016. There were first cluster outbreaks from March 27 to April 2,the second peak occurred from April 11 to April 15. The third peak occurred from 19 April to 12 May. All the children had herpes,53. 26% had fever,44. 57% had runny nose,81. 52% had cough,57. 61% had anorexia,and all the children had no other complications. The vaccination rate of varicella was 86. 79%. The incidence of varicella was 0. 68%(10/1458) in children who had been vaccinated and 36. 94%(82/222) in children who had not been vaccinated(χ2= 489. 129,P = 0. 000). Conclusion Effective vaccination can reduce the outbreak of chicken pox in children. Schools should strengthen the management of epidemic report,popularize relevant knowledge of chicken pox prevention and control through various ways,and reduce the occurrence of chicken pox epidemic.
引文
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[5]杨兴万,王彩莲,文海江. 2007 2014年贵州省务川仡佬族苗族自治县水痘流行病学特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(22):4053-4055.
[6]唐田,黄胜天,姜晓飞.北京市丰台区水痘疫苗两剂接种程序实施前后水痘流行病学特征分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(1):46-50.
[7]王长双,路明霞,马雅婷,等.河南省2008 2012年学校及托幼机构水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2014,22(1):74-76.
[8]赵学成,周义红,潘英姿,等.常州市武进区某幼儿园一起水痘暴发疫情的流行病学调查[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(19):3615-3619.
[9]何林,王金明,洪志坤,等.深圳市龙华新区某学校1起水痘暴发疫情流行病学调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2015,31(7):529-531.
[10]苏宁,邢启明,梁文靖. 2014年广州市番禺区水痘聚集性疫情中突破病例流行病学特征分析[J].医学动物防制,2015,31(7):712-714.
[11]林鹏,李晓帆,杨峰,等.青岛市2009 2012年学校及托幼机构水痘流行特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(11):1688-1690.
[12]赖辉兵,罗立旷,黄海锋,等.云浮市2012―2014年水痘疫情流行特征与疫苗接种情况分析[J].华南预防医学,2016,42(2):134-137.
[13]夏颖苹,李寿俊,董维波,等. 2013年浙江省奉化市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗保护效果评价[J].疾病监测,2014,29(12):957-960.
[14]索罗丹,李娟,赵丹,等.实施2剂水痘疫苗免疫程序对控制学校、托幼机构水痘暴发的效果评价[J].中华预防医学杂志,2015,49(6):485-489.
[15]黄淑琼,蔡晶,杨雯雯.湖北省2010 2015年学校水痘突发公共卫生事件特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(11):1733-1735.
[16]杨励,甘霖,陈敬贤,等.西安地区44例水痘-带状疱疹病毒临床分离株基因特征分析[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2015,29(7):667-669.
[17]刘毓刚,杨川江,吴丽娟,等.四川地区水痘-带状疱疹病毒临床分离株基因型分析研究[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2015,25(20):4586-4588.
[18]杨立清,李丽,张楠,等.水痘疫苗2剂接种程序对北京市朝阳区水痘发病的影响[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2015,28(11):1177-1179,1182.
[19]吴强松,刘敏,邬安琪,等.一起初中水痘突发公共卫生事件的疫苗保护效果评价[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(3):289-293.
[20]肖占沛,马雅婷,王长双,等.河南省2009~2013年学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析[J].中国热带医学,2015,15(3):297-300.
[2]侯文俊,宋新,李冬梅,等. 2011 2013年北京市大兴区托幼机构和学校的水痘流行病学分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(7):1217-1219.
[3]杨剑,杨德民,黄玉莲,等. 2013 2015年新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市水痘流行病学特征[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2016,22(5):587-590.
[4]徐娜妮,张寒芸,钱晨颖,等. 2009 2014年杭州市西湖区学校和幼托机构水痘疫情流行病学特征分析[J].疾病监测,2015,30(10):861-864.
[5]杨兴万,王彩莲,文海江. 2007 2014年贵州省务川仡佬族苗族自治县水痘流行病学特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(22):4053-4055.
[6]唐田,黄胜天,姜晓飞.北京市丰台区水痘疫苗两剂接种程序实施前后水痘流行病学特征分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(1):46-50.
[7]王长双,路明霞,马雅婷,等.河南省2008 2012年学校及托幼机构水痘突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2014,22(1):74-76.
[8]赵学成,周义红,潘英姿,等.常州市武进区某幼儿园一起水痘暴发疫情的流行病学调查[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(19):3615-3619.
[9]何林,王金明,洪志坤,等.深圳市龙华新区某学校1起水痘暴发疫情流行病学调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2015,31(7):529-531.
[10]苏宁,邢启明,梁文靖. 2014年广州市番禺区水痘聚集性疫情中突破病例流行病学特征分析[J].医学动物防制,2015,31(7):712-714.
[11]林鹏,李晓帆,杨峰,等.青岛市2009 2012年学校及托幼机构水痘流行特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(11):1688-1690.
[12]赖辉兵,罗立旷,黄海锋,等.云浮市2012―2014年水痘疫情流行特征与疫苗接种情况分析[J].华南预防医学,2016,42(2):134-137.
[13]夏颖苹,李寿俊,董维波,等. 2013年浙江省奉化市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗保护效果评价[J].疾病监测,2014,29(12):957-960.
[14]索罗丹,李娟,赵丹,等.实施2剂水痘疫苗免疫程序对控制学校、托幼机构水痘暴发的效果评价[J].中华预防医学杂志,2015,49(6):485-489.
[15]黄淑琼,蔡晶,杨雯雯.湖北省2010 2015年学校水痘突发公共卫生事件特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(11):1733-1735.
[16]杨励,甘霖,陈敬贤,等.西安地区44例水痘-带状疱疹病毒临床分离株基因特征分析[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2015,29(7):667-669.
[17]刘毓刚,杨川江,吴丽娟,等.四川地区水痘-带状疱疹病毒临床分离株基因型分析研究[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2015,25(20):4586-4588.
[18]杨立清,李丽,张楠,等.水痘疫苗2剂接种程序对北京市朝阳区水痘发病的影响[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2015,28(11):1177-1179,1182.
[19]吴强松,刘敏,邬安琪,等.一起初中水痘突发公共卫生事件的疫苗保护效果评价[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(3):289-293.
[20]肖占沛,马雅婷,王长双,等.河南省2009~2013年学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析[J].中国热带医学,2015,15(3):297-300.