Effect of parameter setting and spectral normalization approach on study of matrix effect by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of Ag–Zn binary composites
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摘要
The complex nature of laser-material interaction causes non-stoichiometric ablation of alloy samples.This is attributed to matrix effect, which reduces analyzing capability. To address this issue, the analytical performance of three different normalization methods, namely normalization with background, internal normalization and three point smoothing techniques at different parameter settings is studied for quantification of Ag and Zn by Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).The LIBS spectra of five known concentration of silver zinc binary composites have been investigated at various laser irradiances(LIs). Calibration curves for both Ag(I) line(4d~(10)5s~2S_(1/2)→4d~(10)5p~2P_(1/2) at 338.28 nm) and Zn(I) line(4s5s~3S_1→4s4p~3P_2 at 481.053 nm) have been determined at LI of 5.86?×?10~(10)W cm~(-2). Slopes of these calibration curves provide the valuation of matrix effect in the Ag–Zn composites. With careful sample preparation and normalization after smoothing at optimum parameter setting(OPS), the minimization of sample matrix effect has been successfully achieved. A good linearity has been obtained in Ag and Zn calibration curve at OPS when normalized the whole area of spectrum after smoothing and the obtained coefficients of determination values were R~2?=?0.995 and 0.998 closer to 1. The results of matrix effect have been further verified by analysis of plasma parameters. Both plasma parameters showed no change with varying concentration at OPS. However, at high concentration of Ag, the observed significant changes in both plasma parameters at common parameter setting PS-1 and PS-2 were the gesture of matrix effect. In our case, the better analytical results were obtained at smoothing function with optimized parameter setting that indicates it is more efficient than normalization with background and internal normalization method.
The complex nature of laser-material interaction causes non-stoichiometric ablation of alloy samples.This is attributed to matrix effect, which reduces analyzing capability. To address this issue, the analytical performance of three different normalization methods, namely normalization with background, internal normalization and three point smoothing techniques at different parameter settings is studied for quantification of Ag and Zn by Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).The LIBS spectra of five known concentration of silver zinc binary composites have been investigated at various laser irradiances(LIs). Calibration curves for both Ag(I) line(4d~(10)5s~2S_(1/2)→4d~(10)5p~2P_(1/2) at 338.28 nm) and Zn(I) line(4s5s~3S_1→4s4p~3P_2 at 481.053 nm) have been determined at LI of 5.86?×?10~(10)W cm~(-2). Slopes of these calibration curves provide the valuation of matrix effect in the Ag–Zn composites. With careful sample preparation and normalization after smoothing at optimum parameter setting(OPS), the minimization of sample matrix effect has been successfully achieved. A good linearity has been obtained in Ag and Zn calibration curve at OPS when normalized the whole area of spectrum after smoothing and the obtained coefficients of determination values were R~2?=?0.995 and 0.998 closer to 1. The results of matrix effect have been further verified by analysis of plasma parameters. Both plasma parameters showed no change with varying concentration at OPS. However, at high concentration of Ag, the observed significant changes in both plasma parameters at common parameter setting PS-1 and PS-2 were the gesture of matrix effect. In our case, the better analytical results were obtained at smoothing function with optimized parameter setting that indicates it is more efficient than normalization with background and internal normalization method.
The complex nature of laser-material interaction causes non-stoichiometric ablation of alloy samples.This is attributed to matrix effect, which reduces analyzing capability. To address this issue, the analytical performance of three different normalization methods, namely normalization with background, internal normalization and three point smoothing techniques at different parameter settings is studied for quantification of Ag and Zn by Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).The LIBS spectra of five known concentration of silver zinc binary composites have been investigated at various laser irradiances(LIs). Calibration curves for both Ag(I) line(4d~(10)5s~2S_(1/2)→4d~(10)5p~2P_(1/2) at 338.28 nm) and Zn(I) line(4s5s~3S_1→4s4p~3P_2 at 481.053 nm) have been determined at LI of 5.86?×?10~(10)W cm~(-2). Slopes of these calibration curves provide the valuation of matrix effect in the Ag–Zn composites. With careful sample preparation and normalization after smoothing at optimum parameter setting(OPS), the minimization of sample matrix effect has been successfully achieved. A good linearity has been obtained in Ag and Zn calibration curve at OPS when normalized the whole area of spectrum after smoothing and the obtained coefficients of determination values were R~2?=?0.995 and 0.998 closer to 1. The results of matrix effect have been further verified by analysis of plasma parameters. Both plasma parameters showed no change with varying concentration at OPS. However, at high concentration of Ag, the observed significant changes in both plasma parameters at common parameter setting PS-1 and PS-2 were the gesture of matrix effect. In our case, the better analytical results were obtained at smoothing function with optimized parameter setting that indicates it is more efficient than normalization with background and internal normalization method.
引文
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[2]Capitelli F et al 2002 Geoderma 106 45
[3]Tognoni E et al 2002 Spectrochim.Acta B 57 1115
[4]Shaikh N M et al 2006 J.Appl.Phys.100 073102
[5]Hahn D W and Omenetto N 2010 Appl.Spectrosc.64 335A
[6]Michel A P M 2010 Spectrochim.Acta B 65 185
[7]Kadachi A N and Al-Eshaikh M A 2015 Spectrosc.Lett.48 403
[8]Liu D and Zhang D M 2008 Chin.Phys.Lett.25 1368
[9]Sun L X and Yu H B 2009 Talanta 79 388
[10]Hahn D and Wand Omenetto N 2012 Appl.Spectrosc.66 347
[11]Thompson J R et al 2006 J.Geophys.Res.Planets 111 E05006
[12]SalléB et al 2006 Spectrochim.Acta B 61 301
[13]Anabitarte F,Cobo A and Lopez-Higuera J M 2012 ISRNSpectrosc.2012 285240
[14]Windom B C and Hahn D W 2009 J.Anal.At.Spectrom.24 1665
[15]Zheng L J et al 2016 Spectrochim.Acta B 118 66
[16]Bustamante M F,Rinaldi C A and Ferrero J C 2002Spectrochim.Acta B 57 303
[17]Fortes F J et al 2005 Anal.Chim.Acta 554 136
[18]Aguilera J A et al 2009 Spectrochim.Acta B 64 993
[19]D’Andrea E D et al 2014 Spectrochim.Acta B 99 52
[20]Yuan T B et al 2014 Anal.Chim.Acta 807 29
[21]Clegg S M et al 2009 Spectrochim.Acta B 64 79
[22]Fornarini L et al 2005 Spectrochim.Acta B 60 1186
[23]Margetic V et al 2000 Spectrochim.Acta B 55 1771
[24]Margetic V,Niemax K and Hergenr?der R 2001 Spectrochim.Acta B 56 1003
[25]Rehan I,Gondal M A and Rehan K 2018 Talanta 182 443
[26]Adrain R S and Watson J 1984 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.17 1915
[27]Li H K et al 2008 Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China 18 222
[28]Mohamed W T Y 2008 Opt.Laser Technol.40 30
[29]Sabsabi M and Cielo P 1995 Appl.Spectrosc.49 499
[30]Griem H R 1997 Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press)
[31]Lu Y F,Tao Z B and Hong M H 1999 Japan.J.Appl.Phys.38 2958
[32]Hafeez S,Shaikh N M and Baig M A 2008 Laser Part.Beams26 41
[33]Reader J et al 1980 Wavelengths and Transition Probabilities for Atoms and Atomic Ions(Washington DC:USDepartment of Commerce/National Institute of Standards and Technology)NSRDS-NBS 68
[34]Iqbal J,Ahmed R and Baig M A 2017 Laser Phys.27 046101
[35]Shaikh N M,Hafeez S and Baig M A 2007 Spectrochim.Acta B 62 1311
[36]Musadiq M et al 2013 Int.J.Eng.Technol.2 32
[37]Shaikh N M et al 2006 J.Phys.D:Appl.Phys.39 1384
[38]Chen Z Y and Bogaerts A 2005 J.Appl.Phys.97 063305
[39]Dimitrijevi?M S and Sahal-Bréchot S 1999 Astron.Astrophys.Suppl.Ser.140 193
[40]Dimitrijevi?M S and Sahal-Bréchot S 2003 At.Data Nucl.Data 85 269
[41]Qindeel R et al 2010 Eur.Phys.J.Appl.Phys.50 30701
[42]McWhirter R W P,Huddlestone R H and Leonard S L 1965Plasma Diagnostic Techniques(New York:Academic)p 206