山东省荣成市月湖海草场底栖藻类群落结构的初步研究
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摘要
海草生态系统是重要的海洋生态系统之一,而底栖藻类是海草生态系统中的组成部分,具有十分重要的生态功能。2013年1月、4月、7月和10月在荣成月湖草场的三个断面上对其中分布的大型底栖藻类进行了随机取样调查,并对不同季节底栖藻类的群落结构进行比较分析。结果显示,共鉴定出大型藻类16种,隶属3门13属,其中红藻门2属2种,棕色藻门褐藻纲4属4种和绿藻门7属10种;草床和空斑内的藻类季节变化均显著(P=0.000,P=0.008),春季草床内底栖藻类种数最多(13种),秋季S3断面的草床内底栖藻类生物量最高(2191.44±1021.16)g·m~(-2),冬季三个断面的空斑内和夏季S2断面的空斑内为发现底栖藻类;大多数情况下,各断面上草床内Shannon-Wiener多样性、Pielou均匀度和Margalef丰富度指数均大于相应断面上空斑内的值;聚类和排序结果显示,在一年四季中底栖藻类群落结构在草床内和空斑内大都呈显著差异。结果表明,季节变化和海草分布特征对底栖藻类的群落结构有着重要影响。
In order to study the structural characteristics of the benthic algal community in theseagrass bed in Moon Lake, Shandong Province, we conducted an investigation along three transects S1(mainly Zostera japonica), S2 and S3(bothZostera marina beds) in January(winter),April(spring), July(summer) and Octorber(autumn), 2013. Sixteen species were identified, belonging to 3 classes and 13 genera. Among them, there were 2 genera and 2 species of Rhodophyceae, 4 genera and 4 species of Phaeophyce, and 7 genera and 10 species of Chlorophyceae. The number of species varied significantly both in the meadows and in meadow gaps in four seasons(P=0.000, P=0.008). The highest number of species(13) was found in the meadow at S3 in spring, and the meadow gaps of transect S2 in Summer. The highest biomass of benthic algeas was found in the meadow at S3 in autumn(2191.44±1021.16) g·m~(-2), and the lowest in the meadow gaps in autumn(all were 0 g·m~(-2)).For most occasions, higher values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef's richness index and Pielou's evenness index were observed in meadows along each transect than in meadow gaps of the corresponding transect. The structure of the benthic algal community varied significantly in the meadowsandand in the meadow gaps in different seasons. Results indicated that seasonal environmental variation and seagrass heterogeneous distribution played important roles in the variations of benthic algal community structure.
In order to study the structural characteristics of the benthic algal community in theseagrass bed in Moon Lake, Shandong Province, we conducted an investigation along three transects S1(mainly Zostera japonica), S2 and S3(bothZostera marina beds) in January(winter),April(spring), July(summer) and Octorber(autumn), 2013. Sixteen species were identified, belonging to 3 classes and 13 genera. Among them, there were 2 genera and 2 species of Rhodophyceae, 4 genera and 4 species of Phaeophyce, and 7 genera and 10 species of Chlorophyceae. The number of species varied significantly both in the meadows and in meadow gaps in four seasons(P=0.000, P=0.008). The highest number of species(13) was found in the meadow at S3 in spring, and the meadow gaps of transect S2 in Summer. The highest biomass of benthic algeas was found in the meadow at S3 in autumn(2191.44±1021.16) g·m~(-2), and the lowest in the meadow gaps in autumn(all were 0 g·m~(-2)).For most occasions, higher values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef's richness index and Pielou's evenness index were observed in meadows along each transect than in meadow gaps of the corresponding transect. The structure of the benthic algal community varied significantly in the meadowsandand in the meadow gaps in different seasons. Results indicated that seasonal environmental variation and seagrass heterogeneous distribution played important roles in the variations of benthic algal community structure.
引文
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[23] Hemminga M A,Duarte C M.Seagrassecology[D].England:Cambridge University Press,2000.
[2] Kerswell A P.Global biodiversity patterns of benthic marine algae[J].Washington:Ecology,2006,87(10):2479-2488.
[3] Hessing-Lewis M L,Hacker S D,Menge B A,et al.Context-dependent eelgrass-macroalgae interactions along an estuarine gradient in the Pacific Northwest,USA[J].Port Republic:Estuaries and coasts,2011,34(6):1169-1181.
[4] Ries J B.Effects of secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca ratio (calcite-aragonite seas) on CaCO3 sediment production by the calcareous algae Halimeda,Penicillus and Udotea evidence from recent experiments and the geological record[J].Terra Nova,2009,21(5):323-339.
[5] Duarte C M.The future of seagrassmeadows[J].Lausanne:Environmental conservation,2002,29(02):192-206.
[6] Uchimura M,Yoshida G,Hiraoka M,et al.Ecological studies of green tide,Ulvasp.(Chlorophyta) in Hiroshima Bay,the Seto Inland Sea[J].Jpn J Phycol,2004,52(Suppl):17-22.
[7] Sugimoto K,Hiraoka K,Ohta S,et al.Effects of ulvoid (Ulvasp.) accumulation on the structure and function of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) bed[J].New York:Marine pollution bulletin,2007,54(10):1582-1585.
[8] Hauxwell J,Cebri n J,Furlong C,et al.Macroalgal canopies contribute to eelgrass (Zostera marina) decline in temperate estuarine ecosystems[J].Washington:Ecology,2001,82(4):1007-1022.
[9] Tuya F,Hernandez-Zerpa H,Espino F,et al.Drastic decadal decline of the seagrassCymodoceanodosaat Gran Canaria (eastern Atlantic):Interactions with the green algaeCaulerpaprolifera[J].Amsterdam:Aquatic Botany,2013,105:1-6.
[10] 陈自强,寿鹿,廖一波,等.三亚岩相潮间带底栖海藻群落结构及其季节变化[J].北京:生态学报,2013,33(11):3370-3382.
[11] 王红勇,吴洪流,姚雪梅,等.海南岛常见的大型底栖海藻[J].海口:热带生物学报,2010,1(2):175-182.
[12] 章守宇,梁君,汪振华,等.浙江马鞍列岛海域潮间带底栖海藻分布特征[J].沈阳:应用生态学报,2008,19(10):2299-2307.
[13] 彭欣,谢起浪,李尚鲁,等.浙南潮间带大型底栖藻类时空分布及多样性研究[J].海口:热带海洋学报,2010,29(3):135-140.
[14] 庄树宏,陈礼学.烟台月亮湾岩岸潮间带底栖海藻群落结构的季节变化[J].青岛:青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(5):719-726.
[15] 庄树宏,陈礼学,王尊清.长山列岛南部三岛岩相潮间带群落多样性格局[J].沈阳:应用生态学报,2003,14(5):747-752.
[16] Shannon C E W W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[D].Urbanna:Univ of Illinois Press,1949.
[17] Margalef.Perspective in Ecological Theory[D].Princeton:Princeton University Press.1968.1-111.
[18] Pielou E C.An introduction to mathematical ecology[D].New Jersey:Wiley-Interscience,1969.1-286.
[19] Johnson M P,Edwards M,Bunker F,et al.Algal epiphytes ofZostera marina:Variation in assemblage structure from individual leaves to regional scale[J].Amsterdam:Aquatic botany,2005,82(1):12-26.
[20] Wu R J,Li R X,Zhu M Y,et al.Multivariateanalysiswith PRIMER on marinephytoplanktoncommunity structure in mesocosmsystem[J].Oceanologia et LimnologiaSinica,2006,37(4):316-321.
[21] 王宏伟,胡中文,张明.大连星海湾底栖海藻及其季节性变化[J].辽宁师范大学学报:自然科学版,2008,31(1):94-98.
[22] Lin H,Nixon S W,Taylor D I,et al.Responses of epiphytes on eelgrass,Zostera marina L.,to separate and combined nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment[J].Amsterdam:Aquatic Botany,1996,52(4):243-258.
[23] Hemminga M A,Duarte C M.Seagrassecology[D].England:Cambridge University Press,2000.