逃避视角下乡村旅游行为特征、机制与模式——以南京高淳国际慢城为例
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摘要
以南京高淳国际慢城为例,运用因子分析、威尔科克森(Wilcoxon)符号秩检验和地理探测器等方法探讨乡村旅游地游客的逃避行为因子、旅游逃避后效果及形成机制。结果表明:①旅游逃避行为先后分为逃避动机和逃避效果两个维度。逃避动机主要由环境、社会关系、驱动力、自我、转换需求5个因子构成,逃避效果由自我、旅游条件、社会关系3个因子构成。②在自然环境、建筑环境、交通状况、基础设施、社会关系、融合程度、心理状态等方面,游客的逃避效果显著,但仍存在较大提升空间。③去往乡村旅游地的游客行为呈现出自我转变、关系逃避、游憩休整、环境逃避4种模式;在5个逃避因子中,环境因子的解释力和显著性最为突出,交互提升效果最强。④在动态的逃避行为中,显性逃避因子具有直接触发功能,但在旅游逃避效果中,隐性因子更为突出。显性因子和隐性因子的交替作用对乡村旅游发展具有指示意义。
Taking the slow city Gaochun as an example,this paper discussed the escape behavior factor and effects of rural tourist based on the method of factor analysis and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Geographic detector was applied to reveal the formation mechanism of tourism escape behavior. The results show that: ① Tourism escape behavior can be divided into two dimensions. Among which the escape motivation was mainly composed of environment,social relations,driving force,self and transformation requirements,as well as the avoid effect by self,tourism conditions,social relationships. ② It was remarkable that tourists feel better after escaping,involving in natural environment,architectural environment,traffic conditions,infrastructure,social relations,the degree of integration,and the psychological state. However,for the escape effect,there was still great room for improvement.③ There were four types of tourists in the rural tourist destination,they were self-transformation type,relationships escape type,leisure type,and environment escape type. Environmental factor was the most outstanding in explanatory power and significance in these five escape factors. Moreover,it was the strongest in the interaction effect of environmental factor. ④ Dominant escape factor contained directly trigger function,whereas the recessive factor was more outstanding in escape effect in the dynamic escape behavior. The interaction between dominant factor and recessive factor played a guiding role in the development of rural tourism.
Taking the slow city Gaochun as an example,this paper discussed the escape behavior factor and effects of rural tourist based on the method of factor analysis and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Geographic detector was applied to reveal the formation mechanism of tourism escape behavior. The results show that: ① Tourism escape behavior can be divided into two dimensions. Among which the escape motivation was mainly composed of environment,social relations,driving force,self and transformation requirements,as well as the avoid effect by self,tourism conditions,social relationships. ② It was remarkable that tourists feel better after escaping,involving in natural environment,architectural environment,traffic conditions,infrastructure,social relations,the degree of integration,and the psychological state. However,for the escape effect,there was still great room for improvement.③ There were four types of tourists in the rural tourist destination,they were self-transformation type,relationships escape type,leisure type,and environment escape type. Environmental factor was the most outstanding in explanatory power and significance in these five escape factors. Moreover,it was the strongest in the interaction effect of environmental factor. ④ Dominant escape factor contained directly trigger function,whereas the recessive factor was more outstanding in escape effect in the dynamic escape behavior. The interaction between dominant factor and recessive factor played a guiding role in the development of rural tourism.
引文
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[2]刘妍,赵川,陈嘉睿.基于“推拉阻”模型的国内亲子旅游决策研究[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(5):115-119.
[3] ISO-AHOLA S E,ALLEN J R,BUTTIMER K J. Experience-related Factors as Determinants of Leisure Satisfaction[J]. Scandinavian of Journal of Psychology,1982,23(2):141-146.
[4]马君,王晓红.社会替代性补偿与压力应对:旅游的中介效应验证[J].商业经济与管理,2010(6):89-96.
[5]陈奕滨,胡璟,黄暾晓.不确定性规避对游客旅游目的地形象感知的影响研究:以张家界为例[J].旅游科学,2012,26(3):42-53.
[6] DANN G. Anomie,Ego-enhancement and Tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1977,4(4):184-194.
[7] CROMPTON J L. An Assessment of the Image of Mexico as A Vacation Destination and the Influence of Geographical Location upon that Image[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1979,17(4):18-23.
[8]窦开龙.民族文化旅游者行为模式系统分析[J].统计与决策,2013(13):105-108.
[9]陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-17.
[10] PEARCE P L,LEE U. Developing the Travel Career Approach to Tourist Motivation[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2005,43(3):226-237.
[11]肖洪根.对旅游社会学理论体系研究的认识:兼评国外旅游社会学研究动态(上)[J].旅游学刊,2001,16(6):16-26.
[12] YUAN S,CARY M. Motivational Determinants of International Pleasure Time[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1990,29(1):42-44.
[13] ROGER R,CARLTON S,VAN D. Movies as Tourism Promotion[J]. Tourism Management,1992,13(3):267-274.
[14]李德山,韩春鲜,杨玲.丝绸之路外国旅游者旅游动机及旅游行为特征:基于跨文化比较的视角[J].旅游科学,2010,24(5):40-47.
[15] NASH D,SMITH V L. Anthropology and Tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1991,18(1):12-25.
[16] BALOGLU S,MCCLEARY K W. A Model of Destination Image Formation[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(4):868-897.
[17] HSU C H,CAI L A,LI M. Expectation,Motivation and Attitude:A Tourist Behavioral Model[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2010,49(3):282-296.
[18] LI M,CAI L A. The Effects of Personal Values on Travel Motivation and Behavioral Intention[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2011,51(4):473-487.
[19]左晓斯,李钰.现代性/逃避主义与后现代旅游[J].思想战线,2009,5(35):21-25.
[20] FREUD A. The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense[M].New York:International Universities Press,1936:127-139.
[21]段义孚.逃避主义.周尚意,等译[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,2005.
[22]孙晓欣,马晓冬.江苏省城镇化与农业产业化协调发展格局研究[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(1):12-17.
[23]何成军,李晓琴,银元.休闲农业与美丽乡村耦合度评价指标体系构建及应用[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(5):158-162.
[24]许沁乔,薛美珏.江苏省乡村旅游市场细分研究[J].中国商论,2017,4(12):37-39.
[25]湛东升,张文忠,余建辉.问卷调查方法在中国人文地理学研究的应用[J].地理学报,2016,71(6):899-913.
[26]袁建文,李科研.关于样本量计算方法的比较研究[J].统计与决策,2013(1):22-25.
[27]王芳,仇梦嫄,沙润,等.中国大陆女性赴韩旅游动机对游客满意度的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(5):95-99.
[28]王纯阳,屈海林.旅游动机、目的地形象与旅游者期望[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(6):26-37.
[29]王金伟,张赛茵.灾害纪念地的黑色旅游者:动机、类型化及其差异:以北川地震遗址区为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(8):1576-1588.
[30]高淳区统计局.高淳区2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2018-10-24)[2018-12-09]. http://www. njgc. gov. cn/gcqrmzf/gcqtjj/201810/t20181024_675213. html.
[31] GHS122.中国最新收入等级划分[EB/OL].(2015-03-09)[2018-12-09]. http://bbs. tianya. cn/post-develop-1999388-1. html.
[32] WANG J F,LI X H,CHRISTAKOS G,et al. Geographical Detectors-based Health Risk Assessment and Its Application in the Neural Tube Defects Study of the Heshun Region,China[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2010,24(1):107-127.
[33] WANG J F,HU Y. Environmental Health Risk Detection with Geo Detector[J]. Environmental Modeling&Software,2012,33(1):114-115.
[34] HU Y,WANG J,LI X,et al. Geographical Detector-based Risk Assessment of the Under-five Mortality in the 2008Wenchuan Earthquake,China[J]. PLoS One,2011,6(6):1-8.
[35]湛东升,张文忠,余建辉,等.基于地理探测器的北京市居民宜居满意度影响机理[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(8):966-975.