基因编辑婴儿试验为何掀起伦理风暴
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摘要
贺建奎的基因编辑婴儿试验在国际社会引起一场伦理风暴。该试验因对一对健康胚胎进行基因编辑而将基因编辑婴儿露露和娜娜置于完全不可预知的健康风险之下而缺乏正当性,并因其肆意践踏基因编辑技术临床应用的伦理底线、违背有关人类受试者试验研究的基本规范而遭到科学家和生命伦理学家的强烈谴责和高度关注,并引出了许多值得思考的伦理治理问题。
He Jiankui′s Gene Edited Babies experiment caused an ethical storm in the international community. The trial is short of ethical justification by editing a pair of healthy embryos and placing Gene-Edited babies, Lulu and Nana, under completely unpredictable health risks, and has been strongly condemned and highly concerned by scientists and bioethicists for trampling deliberately the ethical bottom line on the clinical application of gene editing techniques and in violation of the basic norms of experimental research on human subjects. It has also led to many ethical governance issues worthy of consideration.
He Jiankui′s Gene Edited Babies experiment caused an ethical storm in the international community. The trial is short of ethical justification by editing a pair of healthy embryos and placing Gene-Edited babies, Lulu and Nana, under completely unpredictable health risks, and has been strongly condemned and highly concerned by scientists and bioethicists for trampling deliberately the ethical bottom line on the clinical application of gene editing techniques and in violation of the basic norms of experimental research on human subjects. It has also led to many ethical governance issues worthy of consideration.
引文
[1]Jon Cohen.An‘epic scientific misadventure’:NIH head Francis Collins ponders fallout from CRISPR baby study.Science,Nov.30,2018.http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/11/epic-scientific-misadventure-nih-head-francis-collins-pondersfallout-crispr-baby-study.[2019-1-15].
[2]中国工程院医药卫生学部,中国工程院科学道德建设委员会.中国工程院关于基因编辑婴儿出生事件的声明.https://www.cae.cn/cae/html/main/col1/2018-11/28/20181128193924990854695_1.html.[2019-1-15].
[3]Martin Enserink.An ethically fraught gene-editing claim.Science,20 December2018.http://vis.sciencemag.org/breakthrough2018/finalists/#crispr-baby.[2019-1-20]
[4]David Cyranoski.HE JIANKUI:CRISPR rogue.Nature,18 December 2018.https://www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-018-07683-5/index.html.[2019-1-16].
[5]David Baltimore,Paul Berg et al.A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification,Science,April 03,2015:26-28.
[6]李建军、王添.人类胚胎基因编辑研究引发的伦理争辩.科学与社会,2016,6(3):32-41.
[7]R.Isasi,E.Kleiderman and B.M.Knoppers.Editing policy to fit the genome?.Science,2016,22:337-339.http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6271/337.[2019-1-20].
[8]赵欣、赵迎泽.对话周琪:华盛顿共识.科学通报,2016,61(3):283-284.
[9]中国细胞生物学学会干细胞分会.关于基因编辑婴儿事件的声明:科研伦理的高压线不容碰触.http://www.cscb.org.cn/news/20181127/2986.html.[2018-12-30].
[10]David Cyranoski.CRISPR-baby scientist fails to satisfy critics.Nature,28November,2018.
[11][德]马库斯·杜威尔.生命伦理学:方法、理论和领域.李建军、袁明敏译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:254.
[12]The Nuffield Council on Bioethics.Genome editing and human reproduction:social and ethical issues.17 July 2018.http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Genome-editing-and-human-reproduction-short-guide-website.pdf.[2019-1-15].
[13]张新庆.CRISPR-Cas技术临床研究之风险-收益分析及治理.科学与社会,2016,6(3):13-21.
[14]Nicholas H.Steneck.科研伦理入门:ORI介绍负责任研究行为.曹南燕等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:38.
[15]张唯.首例基因编辑婴儿诞生国际生物学、伦理学家怎么看.https://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2018-11-27/doc-ihmutuec4160724.shtml.[2019-1-15].
[16][美]弗朗西斯·福山.我们的后人类未来:生物技术革命的后果.黄立志译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2018.
[2]中国工程院医药卫生学部,中国工程院科学道德建设委员会.中国工程院关于基因编辑婴儿出生事件的声明.https://www.cae.cn/cae/html/main/col1/2018-11/28/20181128193924990854695_1.html.[2019-1-15].
[3]Martin Enserink.An ethically fraught gene-editing claim.Science,20 December2018.http://vis.sciencemag.org/breakthrough2018/finalists/#crispr-baby.[2019-1-20]
[4]David Cyranoski.HE JIANKUI:CRISPR rogue.Nature,18 December 2018.https://www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-018-07683-5/index.html.[2019-1-16].
[5]David Baltimore,Paul Berg et al.A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification,Science,April 03,2015:26-28.
[6]李建军、王添.人类胚胎基因编辑研究引发的伦理争辩.科学与社会,2016,6(3):32-41.
[7]R.Isasi,E.Kleiderman and B.M.Knoppers.Editing policy to fit the genome?.Science,2016,22:337-339.http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6271/337.[2019-1-20].
[8]赵欣、赵迎泽.对话周琪:华盛顿共识.科学通报,2016,61(3):283-284.
[9]中国细胞生物学学会干细胞分会.关于基因编辑婴儿事件的声明:科研伦理的高压线不容碰触.http://www.cscb.org.cn/news/20181127/2986.html.[2018-12-30].
[10]David Cyranoski.CRISPR-baby scientist fails to satisfy critics.Nature,28November,2018.
[11][德]马库斯·杜威尔.生命伦理学:方法、理论和领域.李建军、袁明敏译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:254.
[12]The Nuffield Council on Bioethics.Genome editing and human reproduction:social and ethical issues.17 July 2018.http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Genome-editing-and-human-reproduction-short-guide-website.pdf.[2019-1-15].
[13]张新庆.CRISPR-Cas技术临床研究之风险-收益分析及治理.科学与社会,2016,6(3):13-21.
[14]Nicholas H.Steneck.科研伦理入门:ORI介绍负责任研究行为.曹南燕等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:38.
[15]张唯.首例基因编辑婴儿诞生国际生物学、伦理学家怎么看.https://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2018-11-27/doc-ihmutuec4160724.shtml.[2019-1-15].
[16][美]弗朗西斯·福山.我们的后人类未来:生物技术革命的后果.黄立志译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2018.