黑龙江工业城市建设用地时空扩张遥感监测
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摘要
为揭示2000─2015年间黑龙江省工业城市建设用地扩张规律,以哈尔滨、大庆、齐齐哈尔3个城市(分别简称哈、大、齐)为研究对象,选取2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年Landsat遥感影像为数据源,基于扩张强度与速度指数、紧凑度、增长弹性系数、分维指数、变异系数和空间重心转移模型等,探讨哈、大、齐建设用地扩张时空特征。研究表明:2000─2015年间哈、大、齐城市建设用地扩张态势显著,建设用地增长近1倍;城市整体投资效益不高,其中大庆建设用地利用效益最低且年均扩张变化率的变异系数最大,齐齐哈尔与哈尔滨年均扩张变化率的波动相对较弱; 2000─2010年间工业城市扩张形态简单,2010─2015年间扩张模式趋于多元化且边缘不规则、形态复杂;哈尔滨呈现"北跃南拓、东优西扩"发展格局,大庆呈现斜"T"形扩张格局,齐齐哈尔呈现斜"上"字扩张态势;哈尔滨的西南、西北部已成为城市扩张的热点区,大庆建设用地重心移动轨迹为"西南—东南—西南",齐齐哈尔建设用地有自东北向西南移动的趋势; 2000—2010年间除大庆外其他城市重心向市政府方向移动,2010—2015年间向远离市政府方向移动;建议政府在工业城市发展过程中制定适宜的土地利用总体规划,加强监管力度,切实提高土地利用效益,从而保护耕地资源。
In order to reveal the urban construction land expansion rules of the industrial cities in Heilongjiang during 2000 ─ 2015,the authors,taking Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar(Ha-Da-Qi) as the research objects,selected the Landsat remote sensing images acquired in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 as the data source and,based on expansion speed and intensity index,compactness,growth elasticity coefficient,area weighted points dimension index,variable coefficients and spatial center of gravity transfer model, explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of the construction land expansion of Harbin,Daqing,and Qiqihar. The research results show that,during 2000─2015,the expansion trend of Ha-Da-Qi city construction land was significant,the construction land increased by nearly 1 time than before. Ha-Da-Qi city investment efficiency is not high during 2000 ─2015. Among them,the construction land use efficiency in Daqing was the lowest and the variation coefficient of annual expansion rate of Daqing was the largest,while the fluctuation of Qiqihar and Harbin was relatively weak.During 2000─2010 the expansion form of the industrial city was simple. Nevertheless,during 2010 ─2015 the expansion mode tended to be diversified and the edge was irregular and the form was complex. Harbin formed a development pattern "jumping in the north,extension in the south,improvement in the east and expansion in the west". Qiqihar showed a expansion trend shaped as oblique word "上 ",Daqing exhibited a "T "expansion pattern. The gravity center moving track of Daqing city construction land was a "southwest—southeast—southwest"route,and Qiqihar had the northeast—southwest moving trend. The southwest and northwest of Harbin City became the hot spots of the urban expansion. From 2000 to 2010,the center of gravity of cities other than Daqing moved in the direction of the city government and moved away from the city government in 2010-2015. It is suggested that,in the process of the development of the industrial city,the government should make the appropriate land use planning,strengthen the supervision and improve the efficiency of land use so as to protect the farmland resources.
In order to reveal the urban construction land expansion rules of the industrial cities in Heilongjiang during 2000 ─ 2015,the authors,taking Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar(Ha-Da-Qi) as the research objects,selected the Landsat remote sensing images acquired in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 as the data source and,based on expansion speed and intensity index,compactness,growth elasticity coefficient,area weighted points dimension index,variable coefficients and spatial center of gravity transfer model, explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of the construction land expansion of Harbin,Daqing,and Qiqihar. The research results show that,during 2000─2015,the expansion trend of Ha-Da-Qi city construction land was significant,the construction land increased by nearly 1 time than before. Ha-Da-Qi city investment efficiency is not high during 2000 ─2015. Among them,the construction land use efficiency in Daqing was the lowest and the variation coefficient of annual expansion rate of Daqing was the largest,while the fluctuation of Qiqihar and Harbin was relatively weak.During 2000─2010 the expansion form of the industrial city was simple. Nevertheless,during 2010 ─2015 the expansion mode tended to be diversified and the edge was irregular and the form was complex. Harbin formed a development pattern "jumping in the north,extension in the south,improvement in the east and expansion in the west". Qiqihar showed a expansion trend shaped as oblique word "上 ",Daqing exhibited a "T "expansion pattern. The gravity center moving track of Daqing city construction land was a "southwest—southeast—southwest"route,and Qiqihar had the northeast—southwest moving trend. The southwest and northwest of Harbin City became the hot spots of the urban expansion. From 2000 to 2010,the center of gravity of cities other than Daqing moved in the direction of the city government and moved away from the city government in 2010-2015. It is suggested that,in the process of the development of the industrial city,the government should make the appropriate land use planning,strengthen the supervision and improve the efficiency of land use so as to protect the farmland resources.
引文
[1]李效顺,曲福田,张绍良,等.基于国际比较与策略选择的中国城市蔓延治理[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):1-10.Li X S,Qu F T,Zhang S L,et al. Urban sprawl control in China based on international comparison and strategy selection[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(10):1-10.
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[5]Bhatta B,Saraswati S,Bandyopadhyay D. Urban sprawl measurement from remote sensing data[J]. Applied Geography,2010,30(4):731-740.
[6]Qi Y J,Yang Y,Jin F J. China’s economic development stage and its spatio-temporal evolution:A prefectural-level analysis[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2013,23(2):297-314.
[7]吕晓,黄贤金.建设用地扩张的研究进展及展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(6):51-58.Lyu X,Huang X J. Research progress and prospect of construction land expansion[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2013,29(6):51-58.
[8]满卫东,王宗明,刘明月,等. 1990─2013年东北地区耕地时空变化遥感分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):1-10.Man W D,Wang Z M,Liu M Y,et al. Spatio-temporal dynamics analysis of cropland in Northeast China during 1990─2013 based on remote sensing[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(7):1-10.
[9]傅鸿源,陈煜红.城市建设用地利用结构优化SD-MOP整合模型研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(4):129-135.Fu H Y,Chen Y H. Investigation on urban construction land use with a new structure optimization model-SD-MOP integrated model[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(4):129-135.
[10]闫梅,黄金川.国内外城市空间扩展研究评析[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1039-1050.Yan M,Huang J C. Review on the research of urban spatial expansion[J]. Progress in Geography,2013,32(7):1039-1050.
[11]张利,雷军,李雪梅,等. 1997-2007年中国城市用地扩张特征及其影响因素分析[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(5):607-614.Zhang L,Lei J,Li X M,et al. The features and influencing factors of urban expansion in China during 1997-2007[J]. Progress in Geography,2011,30(5):607-614.
[12]焦利民,吴苏.利用自组织网络分析1990—2010年中国主要城市扩展特征[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014,39(12):1435-1440,1471.Jiao L M,Wu S. Analyzing the characteristics of the expansion of the metropolises in China from 1990 to 2010 using self-organizing neural network[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014,39(12):1435-1440,1471.
[13]刘纪远,刘文超,匡文慧,等.基于主体功能区规划的中国城乡建设用地扩张时空特征遥感分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(3):355-369.Liu J Y,Liu W C,Kuang W H,et al. Remote sensing-based analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of built-up area across China based on the plan for major function-oriented zones[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(3):355-369.
[14]叶昌东,周春山.中国特大城市空间形态演变研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(3):70-75.Ye C D,Zhou C S. Urban morphology evolution of Chinese metropolitans[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2013,29(3):70-75.
[15]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平,等.中国地级以上城市紧凑度时空演变特征研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(5):531-538.Huang Y B,Dong S C,Bai Y P,et al. Spatio-temporal evolvement of urban compactness in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(5):531-538.
[16]舒帮荣,李永乐,曲艺,等.不同职能城市建设用地扩张及其驱动力研究——基于中国137个地级以上城市的考察[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(2):86-92.Shu B R,Li Y L,Qu Y,et al. Urban land expansion and its driving forces in different functional cities:An empirical analysis based on137 cities in China[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2014,14(2):86-92.
[17]蒋金亮,周亮,吴文佳,等.长江沿岸中心城市土地扩张时空演化特征——以宁汉渝3市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(9):1528-1536.Jiang J L,Zhou L,Wu W J,et al. A comparative study on spatiotemporal characteristics of urban expansion for the central cities along the Yangtze River:A case study of Nanjing,Wuhan and Chongqing[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(9):1528-1536.
[18]施利锋,张增祥,刘芳,等. 1973-2013年经济特区城市空间扩展遥感监测[J].遥感学报,2015,19(6):1030-1039.Shi L F,Zhang Z X,Liu F,et al. Spatial expansion remote sensing monitoring of special economic zones from 1973 to 2013[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2015,19(6):1030-1039.
[19]曹银贵,周伟,乔陆印,等.中国东部地区城市建设用地变化与利用效益分析[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(7):869-877.Cao Y G,Zhou W,Qiao L Y,et al. Research on urban construction land changes and using benefit in eastern China[J]. Progress in Geography,2012,31(7):869-877.
[20]李加林,许继琴,李伟芳,等.长江三角洲地区城市用地增长的时空特征分析[J].地理学报,2007,62(4):437-447.Li J L,Xu J Q,Li W F,et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of urbanization area growth in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(4):437-447.
[21]牟凤云,张增祥,迟耀斌,等.基于多源遥感数据的北京市1973—2005年间城市建成区的动态监测与驱动力分析[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2):257-268.Mu F Y,Zhang Z X,Chi Y B,et al. Dynamic monitoring of builtup area in Beijing during 1973-2005 based on multi-original remote sensed images[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,11(2):257-268.
[22]丛晓男,刘治彦.基于GIS与RS的北京城市空间增长及其形态演变分析[J].杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2015,37(5):122-130.Cong X N,Liu Z Y. An analysis on the spatial growth and structure evolution of Beijing——based on GIS and RS[J]. Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Science),2015,37(5):122-130.
[23]苏建忠,魏清泉,郭恒亮.广州市的蔓延机理与调控[J].地理学报,2005,60(4):626-636.Su J Z,Wei Q Q,Guo H L. The mechanism and adjustment of urban sprawl of Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(4):626-636.
[24]孙雁,刘志强,王秋兵,等.百年沈阳城市土地利用空间扩展及其驱动力分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(11):2022-2029.Sun Y,Liu Z Q,Wang Q B,et al. Spatial expansion of urban land use and its driving forces in Shenyang City over the past century[J]. Resources Science,2011,33(11):2022-2029.
[25]吕晓,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.建设用地扩张过程的时间均衡态势分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):236-243.Lyu X,Huang X J,Zhong T Y,et al. Temporal equilibrium analysis on process of construction land expansion[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(15):236-243.
[26]周翔,陈亮,象伟宁.苏锡常地区建设用地扩张过程的定量分析[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1422-1430.Zhou X,Chen L,Xiang W N. Quantitative analysis of the built-up area expansion in Su-Xi-Chang region,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1422-1430.
[27]易凤佳,李仁东,常变蓉,等.长株潭地区建设用地扩张遥感时空特征分析[J].国土资源遥感,2015,27(2):160-166. doi:10. 6046/gtzyyg. 2015. 02. 25.Yi F J,Li R D,Chang B R,et al. Spatial-temporal features of construction land expansion in Changzhutan(Changsha-ZhuzhouXiangtan)area based on remote sensing[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources,2015,27(2):160-166. doi:10. 6046/gtzyyg. 2015. 02. 25.
[2]崔雪竹,王要武.城市用地扩张的社会人文驱动机制——以上海市为例的实证研究[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(S2):306-310.Cui X Z,Wang Y W. Social and human driven mechanism of urban land expansion-case study of city of Shanghai[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S2):306-310.
[3]Wang H J,He Q Q,Liu X J,et al. Global urbanization research from 1991 to 2009:A systematic research review[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,104(3/4):299-309.
[4]Dai J L,Gao X L,Du S S. Expansion of urban space and land use control in the process of urbanization:An overview[J]. Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment,2010,8(3):73-82.
[5]Bhatta B,Saraswati S,Bandyopadhyay D. Urban sprawl measurement from remote sensing data[J]. Applied Geography,2010,30(4):731-740.
[6]Qi Y J,Yang Y,Jin F J. China’s economic development stage and its spatio-temporal evolution:A prefectural-level analysis[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2013,23(2):297-314.
[7]吕晓,黄贤金.建设用地扩张的研究进展及展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(6):51-58.Lyu X,Huang X J. Research progress and prospect of construction land expansion[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2013,29(6):51-58.
[8]满卫东,王宗明,刘明月,等. 1990─2013年东北地区耕地时空变化遥感分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):1-10.Man W D,Wang Z M,Liu M Y,et al. Spatio-temporal dynamics analysis of cropland in Northeast China during 1990─2013 based on remote sensing[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(7):1-10.
[9]傅鸿源,陈煜红.城市建设用地利用结构优化SD-MOP整合模型研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(4):129-135.Fu H Y,Chen Y H. Investigation on urban construction land use with a new structure optimization model-SD-MOP integrated model[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(4):129-135.
[10]闫梅,黄金川.国内外城市空间扩展研究评析[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1039-1050.Yan M,Huang J C. Review on the research of urban spatial expansion[J]. Progress in Geography,2013,32(7):1039-1050.
[11]张利,雷军,李雪梅,等. 1997-2007年中国城市用地扩张特征及其影响因素分析[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(5):607-614.Zhang L,Lei J,Li X M,et al. The features and influencing factors of urban expansion in China during 1997-2007[J]. Progress in Geography,2011,30(5):607-614.
[12]焦利民,吴苏.利用自组织网络分析1990—2010年中国主要城市扩展特征[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014,39(12):1435-1440,1471.Jiao L M,Wu S. Analyzing the characteristics of the expansion of the metropolises in China from 1990 to 2010 using self-organizing neural network[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014,39(12):1435-1440,1471.
[13]刘纪远,刘文超,匡文慧,等.基于主体功能区规划的中国城乡建设用地扩张时空特征遥感分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(3):355-369.Liu J Y,Liu W C,Kuang W H,et al. Remote sensing-based analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of built-up area across China based on the plan for major function-oriented zones[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(3):355-369.
[14]叶昌东,周春山.中国特大城市空间形态演变研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(3):70-75.Ye C D,Zhou C S. Urban morphology evolution of Chinese metropolitans[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2013,29(3):70-75.
[15]黄永斌,董锁成,白永平,等.中国地级以上城市紧凑度时空演变特征研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(5):531-538.Huang Y B,Dong S C,Bai Y P,et al. Spatio-temporal evolvement of urban compactness in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(5):531-538.
[16]舒帮荣,李永乐,曲艺,等.不同职能城市建设用地扩张及其驱动力研究——基于中国137个地级以上城市的考察[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(2):86-92.Shu B R,Li Y L,Qu Y,et al. Urban land expansion and its driving forces in different functional cities:An empirical analysis based on137 cities in China[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2014,14(2):86-92.
[17]蒋金亮,周亮,吴文佳,等.长江沿岸中心城市土地扩张时空演化特征——以宁汉渝3市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(9):1528-1536.Jiang J L,Zhou L,Wu W J,et al. A comparative study on spatiotemporal characteristics of urban expansion for the central cities along the Yangtze River:A case study of Nanjing,Wuhan and Chongqing[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(9):1528-1536.
[18]施利锋,张增祥,刘芳,等. 1973-2013年经济特区城市空间扩展遥感监测[J].遥感学报,2015,19(6):1030-1039.Shi L F,Zhang Z X,Liu F,et al. Spatial expansion remote sensing monitoring of special economic zones from 1973 to 2013[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2015,19(6):1030-1039.
[19]曹银贵,周伟,乔陆印,等.中国东部地区城市建设用地变化与利用效益分析[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(7):869-877.Cao Y G,Zhou W,Qiao L Y,et al. Research on urban construction land changes and using benefit in eastern China[J]. Progress in Geography,2012,31(7):869-877.
[20]李加林,许继琴,李伟芳,等.长江三角洲地区城市用地增长的时空特征分析[J].地理学报,2007,62(4):437-447.Li J L,Xu J Q,Li W F,et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of urbanization area growth in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(4):437-447.
[21]牟凤云,张增祥,迟耀斌,等.基于多源遥感数据的北京市1973—2005年间城市建成区的动态监测与驱动力分析[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2):257-268.Mu F Y,Zhang Z X,Chi Y B,et al. Dynamic monitoring of builtup area in Beijing during 1973-2005 based on multi-original remote sensed images[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,11(2):257-268.
[22]丛晓男,刘治彦.基于GIS与RS的北京城市空间增长及其形态演变分析[J].杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2015,37(5):122-130.Cong X N,Liu Z Y. An analysis on the spatial growth and structure evolution of Beijing——based on GIS and RS[J]. Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Science),2015,37(5):122-130.
[23]苏建忠,魏清泉,郭恒亮.广州市的蔓延机理与调控[J].地理学报,2005,60(4):626-636.Su J Z,Wei Q Q,Guo H L. The mechanism and adjustment of urban sprawl of Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(4):626-636.
[24]孙雁,刘志强,王秋兵,等.百年沈阳城市土地利用空间扩展及其驱动力分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(11):2022-2029.Sun Y,Liu Z Q,Wang Q B,et al. Spatial expansion of urban land use and its driving forces in Shenyang City over the past century[J]. Resources Science,2011,33(11):2022-2029.
[25]吕晓,黄贤金,钟太洋,等.建设用地扩张过程的时间均衡态势分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):236-243.Lyu X,Huang X J,Zhong T Y,et al. Temporal equilibrium analysis on process of construction land expansion[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(15):236-243.
[26]周翔,陈亮,象伟宁.苏锡常地区建设用地扩张过程的定量分析[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1422-1430.Zhou X,Chen L,Xiang W N. Quantitative analysis of the built-up area expansion in Su-Xi-Chang region,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1422-1430.
[27]易凤佳,李仁东,常变蓉,等.长株潭地区建设用地扩张遥感时空特征分析[J].国土资源遥感,2015,27(2):160-166. doi:10. 6046/gtzyyg. 2015. 02. 25.Yi F J,Li R D,Chang B R,et al. Spatial-temporal features of construction land expansion in Changzhutan(Changsha-ZhuzhouXiangtan)area based on remote sensing[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources,2015,27(2):160-166. doi:10. 6046/gtzyyg. 2015. 02. 25.