中国中南半岛经济走廊重要节点城市发展状况遥感分析
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摘要
针对发展中国家城市经济与环境发展不均衡的问题,以中国-中南半岛经济走廊沿线的7个重要节点城市为例,采用面向对象的随机森林分类方法提取2000—2015年间的土地利用结果。将不透水层空间扩展指数、景观格局指数、区域NO2柱浓度和夜间灯光指数相结合,从城镇化、经济发展和环境变化3个角度对节点城市的发展状况进行研究。结果表明,面向对象随机森林分类方法能够有效提取不透水层,总体精度高于81%,Kappa系数高于0.82;在过去的15年间,各城市以"中心-边缘"或"沿河-内陆"的方向扩张,表现为"先聚集再扩散""先扩散再聚集""聚集"的3种扩张模式;城市中金边的夜间灯光指数增速最快,年变化率为1.71;金边、吉隆坡和新加坡为NO2柱浓度呈现负增长,而南宁、万象、河内和曼谷的NO2柱浓度呈现正增长。
Aiming at the problem that the imbalance of urban economy and environment in developing countries,this paper used the seven important cities in China-Indochina Peninsula along the economic corridor as the study area.The main data is time series Landsat data.The method of object-oriented random forest classification was used to extract the classification results of study area during 2000 and 2015.The urban expansion of the node cities was evaluated by calculating the expansion speed of the impervious surface and the landscape pattern metrics.The results indicated that the method of object oriented random forest classification can effectively extract the urban impervious surface,the overall accuracy is over 81%,and the Kappa coefficient is over 0.82.In the past 15 years,the expansion speed of Vientiane city was fastest in six countries.The area of urban impervious surface expanded eight times than that in 2000.The pattern of expansion is summarized as "gather firstdiffuse then","diffuse first-gather then"and"gather".Overall,the process of urbanization of these cities are still in the rising period.In the economic development of 2000-2013,the night light index of Phnom Penh was the fastest growing,with an annual rate of 1.71.For the definition of 2004-2015 in the level of atmospheric pollution,the concentration of NO2 column was negative growth in Phnom Penh,Kuala Lumpur and Singapore,and the concentration of NO2 column showed positive growth in Nanning,Vientiane,Hanoi and Bangkok.
Aiming at the problem that the imbalance of urban economy and environment in developing countries,this paper used the seven important cities in China-Indochina Peninsula along the economic corridor as the study area.The main data is time series Landsat data.The method of object-oriented random forest classification was used to extract the classification results of study area during 2000 and 2015.The urban expansion of the node cities was evaluated by calculating the expansion speed of the impervious surface and the landscape pattern metrics.The results indicated that the method of object oriented random forest classification can effectively extract the urban impervious surface,the overall accuracy is over 81%,and the Kappa coefficient is over 0.82.In the past 15 years,the expansion speed of Vientiane city was fastest in six countries.The area of urban impervious surface expanded eight times than that in 2000.The pattern of expansion is summarized as "gather firstdiffuse then","diffuse first-gather then"and"gather".Overall,the process of urbanization of these cities are still in the rising period.In the economic development of 2000-2013,the night light index of Phnom Penh was the fastest growing,with an annual rate of 1.71.For the definition of 2004-2015 in the level of atmospheric pollution,the concentration of NO2 column was negative growth in Phnom Penh,Kuala Lumpur and Singapore,and the concentration of NO2 column showed positive growth in Nanning,Vientiane,Hanoi and Bangkok.
引文
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[24]曹子阳,吴志峰,匡耀求,等.DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像中国区域的校正及应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(9):1092-1102.
[2] INGRAM G K.Patterns of metropolitan development:What have we learned?[J].Urban Studies,1997,35(7):1019-1035.
[3] TAUBENBCK H,ESCH T,FELBIER A,et al.Monitoring urbanization in Mega cities from space[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,117(2012—02):162-176.
[4] ZANG S,WU C,LIU H,et al.Impact of urbanization on natural ecosystem service values:a comparative study[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2010,179(1/4):575-588.
[5]牟凤云,张增祥,刘斌,等.济南市近二十五年城市建成区的空间扩展遥感监测[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(1):73-79.
[6]车前进,段学军,郭垚,等.长江三角洲地区城镇空间扩展特征及机制[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):446-456.
[7]施利锋,张增祥,刘芳,等.1973年—2013年经济特区城市空间扩展遥感监测[J].遥感学报,2015,19(6):1030-1039.
[8]俞艳,胡珊珊,童艳,等.基于公共边测度的城市扩张模式建模研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017(1):78-81.
[9]王翠平,王豪伟,李春明,等.基于DMSP/OLS影像的我国主要城市群空间扩张特征分析[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):942-954.
[10]王利伟,冯长春.转型期京津冀城市群空间扩展格局及其动力机制:基于夜间灯光数据方法[J].地理学报,2016,71(12):2155-2169.
[11]WENIG M O,CEDE A M,BUCSELA E J,et al.Validation of OMI tropospheric NO2column densities using direct-sun mode brewer measurements at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2008,113(113):1-10.
[12]BOERSMA K F,JACOB D J,TRAINIC M,et al.Validation of urban NO2concentrations and their diurnal and seasonal variations observed from the Sciamachy and OMI sensors using in situ surface measurements in Israeli Cities[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics&Discussions,2009,9(12):3867-3879.
[13]ZHOU C Y,LI Q,HE Y X,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of NO2concentration and its influencing factors in Shandong in recent 10years[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(8):2281-2290.
[14]周春艳,厉青,张丽娟,等.遥感监测2005—2015年中国NO2时空特征及分析影响因素[J].遥感技术与应用,2016,31(6):1190-1200.
[15]LIU D S,XIA F.Assessing object-based classification:advantages and limitations[J].Remote Sensing Letters,2010,1(4):187-194.
[16]王更,王光辉,杨化超.融合颜色—纹理模型的均值漂移分割算法[J].测绘科学,2015,40(8):108-112.
[17]BREIMAN L.RandomForests[J].Machine Learning,2001,45(1):5-32.
[18]郭玉宝,池天河,彭玲,等.利用随机森林的高分一号遥感数据进行城市用地分类[J].测绘通报,2016(5):73-76.
[19]WOLPERT D H,MACREADY W G.An efficient method to estimate bagging’s generalization error[C]//Santa Fe Institute,1999:41-55.
[20]BREIMAN L.Baggingpredictors[J].Machine Learning,1996,24(2):123-140.
[21]RIDD M K.Exploring a V-I-S(Vegetation-Impervious Surface-Soil)model for urban ecosystem analysis through remote sensing:comparative anatomy for cities[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1995,6(12):2165-2185.
[22]王磊,段学军.长江三角洲地区城市空间扩展研究[J].地理科学,2010,16(5):702-709.
[23]PAN D,DOMON G,BLOIS S D,et al.Temporal(1958—1993)and spatial patterns of land use changes in Haut-SaintLaurent(Quebec,Canada)and their relation to landscape physical attributes[J].Landscape Ecology,1999,14(1):35-52.
[24]曹子阳,吴志峰,匡耀求,等.DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像中国区域的校正及应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(9):1092-1102.