1973～2017年扬中市江岸冲淤遥感监测及古河道塌江分析
|
摘要
江心岛沿江地区的泥沙淤积、水流侵蚀以及江堤坍塌对江心岛面积形态、滩涂围垦、航道变化、河口生态等都会产生重大影响。以长江干流第二大江心岛——扬中市为研究对象,基于遥感影像监测了1973～2017年沿江区域冲淤变化和塌江区域,结合多种资料分析变化成因。结果表明:(1) 1973～2017年扬中市沿江地区冲淤变化分3个阶段,不同阶段淤积和冲蚀特点鲜明;(2)经过经纬度定位,扬中市塌江区域发生在1930年扬中市主岛太平洲右侧两个江心岛之间的夹江与西南—东北向的一条古河道的交汇处;(3)塌江事件与常规水流冲刷无关,古河道出口被堵形成水压,沿江区域江底"深槽"引发"旋流"掏空底部泥沙,加上汛期后江水下泄,内外压力差加大直接引发塌江。
The sediment deposition,water erosion and bank collapse will have a great influence on the shape of Jiangxin island,the reclamation of tidal flat,the change of channel and the ecology of estuary. In this study,Yangzhong,the second large island of the Yangtze River is taken as the research object. The erosion and siltation along the river bank of Yangzhong during 1973 and 2017 and the bank collapse in 2017 are monitored by remote sensing images. Furthermore,the reasons of dynamics are discovered by combining multiple data. Results show that:( 1) the erosion and siltation along the river bank of Yangzhong are divided into three stages and characteristic differences of different stages are obvious;( 2) after position identification,the bank collapse of Yangzhong is located in the intersection of two ancient rivers. One of them is on the right side of Taiping Island,the other is nearby it and in the southwest to northeast direction;( 3) There is no obvious relationships between bank collapse and water erosion. Blocked ancient river outlets generate water pressure and grooves in river bottom induce rotational water flow then carry off sediment. In addition,river discharge after flood season aggravates the water pressure and then results in bank collapse directly.
The sediment deposition,water erosion and bank collapse will have a great influence on the shape of Jiangxin island,the reclamation of tidal flat,the change of channel and the ecology of estuary. In this study,Yangzhong,the second large island of the Yangtze River is taken as the research object. The erosion and siltation along the river bank of Yangzhong during 1973 and 2017 and the bank collapse in 2017 are monitored by remote sensing images. Furthermore,the reasons of dynamics are discovered by combining multiple data. Results show that:( 1) the erosion and siltation along the river bank of Yangzhong are divided into three stages and characteristic differences of different stages are obvious;( 2) after position identification,the bank collapse of Yangzhong is located in the intersection of two ancient rivers. One of them is on the right side of Taiping Island,the other is nearby it and in the southwest to northeast direction;( 3) There is no obvious relationships between bank collapse and water erosion. Blocked ancient river outlets generate water pressure and grooves in river bottom induce rotational water flow then carry off sediment. In addition,river discharge after flood season aggravates the water pressure and then results in bank collapse directly.
引文
[1]程建,程久苗,吴九兴,等. 2000-2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894-901.CHENG J,CHENG J M,WU J X,et al. Changes of land use and ecosystem service functions in Yangtze River Basin from2000 to 2010[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(6):894-901.
[2]王如生,杨世伦,罗向欣,等.近30年长江北支口门附近的冲淤演变及其对人类活动的响应[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,4:34-41.WANG R S,YANG S L,LUO X X,et al. Morphological evolution and its response to human activities at the mouth area of the North Branch,Yangtze estuary,during the recent three decades[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science),2015,4:34-41.
[3]高超.基于MSS/TM/ETM图像的长江马芜铜段江心洲演化研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(1):135-141.GAO C. Study on Channel Islands in Ma-wu-tong section of Yangtze River based on MSS/EM/ETM remote sensing Image[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2012,27(1):135-141.
[4]隆院男,刘晶,李志威,等.近30年湘江中下游典型江心洲演变规律[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(6):8-15.LONG Y N,LIU J,LI Z W,et al. Processes of typical midchannel bars in the middle and lower Xiang River since 1980s[J]. Journal of Sediment Research,2017,42(6):8-15.
[5]朱玲玲,葛华,李义天,等.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游分汊河道演变机理及趋势[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(2):246-258.ZHU L L,GE H,LI Y T,et al. Branching Channels in the Middle Yangtze River,China[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2015,23(2):246-258.
[6]李志威,王兆印,贾艳红,等.三峡水库蓄水前后长江中下游江心洲的演变及其机理分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(1):65-73.LI Z W,WANG Z Y,JIA Y H,et al. Evolution analysis of channel bars in the middle and lower Yangtze River before and after impoundment of three gorges reservoir[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(1):65-73.
[7]唐风建.长江下游江心洲河段彭兴洲至江心洲护岸崩岸现象分析[J].中国水运,2017(7):192-194.TANG F J. Analysis of bank collapse from Pengxingzhou to Jiangxinzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. China Water Transport,2017,17(7):192-194.
[8]代加兵,刘宏远,戴海伦,等.黄河宁蒙河段塌岸侵蚀现场监测及评价研究[J].泥沙研究,2015,10(5):63-68.DAI J B,LIU H Y,DAI H L,et al. Field monitoring and evaluate study on bank erosion in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Sediment Research,2015,10(5):63-68.
[9]舒安平,高静,段国胜,等.基于聚类法的黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段塌岸因子遴选及塌岸程度分级[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2014(8):1044-1048.SHU A P,GAO J,DUN G S,et al. Cluster analysis for factor classification and riverbank collapse along the desert wide valley reach of the upper Yellow River[J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology(Science and Technology), 2014(8):1044-1048.
[10]李梦琴.城市江心洲岛城市空间形态研究[D].绵阳:西南科技大学硕士学位论文,2015.LI M Q. The research on city spatial morphology of Jiangxinzhou Island[D]. Mianyang:Southwest University of Science and Technology Master Degree Thesis,2015.
[11]姚振兴,陈庆强,杨钦川.近60年来崇明岛东部淤涨速率初探[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(5):698-705.YAO Z X,CHEN Q Q,YANG Q C. Preliminary study on the progradation rate of the eastern part of Chongming Island in recent six decades[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(5):698-705.
[12]李芳.基于GIS的长江河口近期冲淤演变分析[D].上海:同济大学硕士学位论文,2008.LI F. Analysis of recent evolution of Yangtze Estuary based on GIS[D]. Shanghai:Master thesis of Tongji University,2008.
[13]郜昂.基于GIS的长江口九段沙湿地地貌变迁及其机制探[D].上海:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2008.GAO A. Historical evolution of the Jiuduansha Wetland,Yangtze Estuary,based on GIS analysis[D]. Shanghai:Doctoral thesis of East China Normal University,2008.
[14]刘杰,程海峰,韩露,等.流域减沙对长江口典型河槽及邻近海域演变的影响[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):249-256.LIU J,CHENG H F,HAN L,et al. Influence of fluvial sediment decline on the morph dynamics of the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent seas[J]. Advance in Water Science,2017,28(2):249-256.
[15]杨云平,李义天,樊咏阳.长江口前缘沙洲演变与流域泥沙要素关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(5):652-658.YANG Y P,LI Y T,FAN Y Y. Relationship between sediment elements of river basin and front sand islands evolution in Yangtze Estuary[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(5):652-658.
[16]陈勇,何中发,黎兵,等.长江河口拦门沙河段滩涂演化特征及驱动机制[J].海洋学报,2015,37(9):95-105.CHEN Y,HE Z F,LI B,et al. Evolution of tidal flat in the bar area of the Yangtze Estuary and their driving factors[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2015,37(9):95-105.
[17]李行,周云轩,况润元.上海崇明东滩岸线演变分析及趋势预测[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(2):417-424.LI X,ZHOU Y X,KUANG R Y. Analysis and trend prediction of shoreline evolution in Chongming Dongtan,Shanghai[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(2):417-424.
[18]李九发,应铭,戴志军,等.上海市沿海滩涂土地资源圈围与潮滩发育演变分析[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(3):361-370.LI J F,YING M,DAI Z J,et al. Analysis on the development and evolution of tidal flats and reclamation of land resource along shore of Shanghai city[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2007,22(3):361-370.
[19]路兵,蒋雪中.滩涂围垦对崇明东滩演化影响的遥感研究[J].遥感学报,2013,17(2):335-349.LU B,JIANG X Z. Reclamation impacts on the evolution of the tidal flat at Chongming Eastern Beach in Changjiang estuary[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing. 2013,17(2):335-349.
[20]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.China city statistical yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing:China statistics Press,2017.
[21]张增祥,赵晓丽,刘芳,等.中国城市扩展遥感监测图集[M].北京:星球地图出版社,2014.ZHANG Z X,ZHAO X L,LIU F,et al. Remote sensing monitoring of urban expansion in China[M]. Beijing:Star Map Press,2014.
[22]张增祥,赵晓丽,汪潇,等.中国土地利用遥感监测[M].北京:星球地图出版社,2012.ZHANG Z X,ZHAO X L,WANG X,et al. Remote sensing monitoring of land use in China[M]. Beijing:Star Map Press,2012.
[23]褚忠信.三峡水库一期蓄水对长江泥沙的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文,2006.CHU Z X. Effects of water storage on the sediment of the Yangtze River in the first phase of the Three Gorges[D]. Qingdao:Doctoral thesis of Ocean University of China,2006.
[24]应铭,李九发,万新宁,等.长江大通站输沙量时间序列分析研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(1):83-87.YING M,LI J F,WAN X N,et al. Study on time series of sediment discharge at Datong station in the Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2005,14(1):83-87.
[25]屈贵贤.长江下游大通江阴段近五十年河床演变特征及其原因分析[D].南京:南京师范大学博士学位论文,2014.QU G X. The characteristics and explanations of channel change in the Datong-Jiangvin reach of the lower Yangtze River:1959-2018[D]. Nanjing:Doctoral thesis of Nanjing Normal University,2014.
[26]于俊杰,魏乃颐,蒋仁,等.长江(镇江-泰州段)崩岸地质灾害类型,特征及成因机制[J].资源调查与环境,2013,34(2):127-132.YU J J,WEI N Y,JIANG R,et al. Types,characteristics and genetic mechanisms of bank collapse in the Zhenjiang-Taizhou reach of Yangtze River[J]. Resources Survey and Environment.2013,34(2):127-132.
[27]严金明,张雨榴,马春光.新时期国土综合整治的内涵辨析与功能定位.土地经济研究,2017(7):14-24.YAN J M,ZHANG Y L,MA C G. Discriminating comprehensive land consolidation in the NewEra[J]. Joural of Land Economics. 2017(7):14-24.
[2]王如生,杨世伦,罗向欣,等.近30年长江北支口门附近的冲淤演变及其对人类活动的响应[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,4:34-41.WANG R S,YANG S L,LUO X X,et al. Morphological evolution and its response to human activities at the mouth area of the North Branch,Yangtze estuary,during the recent three decades[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science),2015,4:34-41.
[3]高超.基于MSS/TM/ETM图像的长江马芜铜段江心洲演化研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(1):135-141.GAO C. Study on Channel Islands in Ma-wu-tong section of Yangtze River based on MSS/EM/ETM remote sensing Image[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2012,27(1):135-141.
[4]隆院男,刘晶,李志威,等.近30年湘江中下游典型江心洲演变规律[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(6):8-15.LONG Y N,LIU J,LI Z W,et al. Processes of typical midchannel bars in the middle and lower Xiang River since 1980s[J]. Journal of Sediment Research,2017,42(6):8-15.
[5]朱玲玲,葛华,李义天,等.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游分汊河道演变机理及趋势[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(2):246-258.ZHU L L,GE H,LI Y T,et al. Branching Channels in the Middle Yangtze River,China[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2015,23(2):246-258.
[6]李志威,王兆印,贾艳红,等.三峡水库蓄水前后长江中下游江心洲的演变及其机理分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(1):65-73.LI Z W,WANG Z Y,JIA Y H,et al. Evolution analysis of channel bars in the middle and lower Yangtze River before and after impoundment of three gorges reservoir[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(1):65-73.
[7]唐风建.长江下游江心洲河段彭兴洲至江心洲护岸崩岸现象分析[J].中国水运,2017(7):192-194.TANG F J. Analysis of bank collapse from Pengxingzhou to Jiangxinzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. China Water Transport,2017,17(7):192-194.
[8]代加兵,刘宏远,戴海伦,等.黄河宁蒙河段塌岸侵蚀现场监测及评价研究[J].泥沙研究,2015,10(5):63-68.DAI J B,LIU H Y,DAI H L,et al. Field monitoring and evaluate study on bank erosion in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Sediment Research,2015,10(5):63-68.
[9]舒安平,高静,段国胜,等.基于聚类法的黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段塌岸因子遴选及塌岸程度分级[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2014(8):1044-1048.SHU A P,GAO J,DUN G S,et al. Cluster analysis for factor classification and riverbank collapse along the desert wide valley reach of the upper Yellow River[J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology(Science and Technology), 2014(8):1044-1048.
[10]李梦琴.城市江心洲岛城市空间形态研究[D].绵阳:西南科技大学硕士学位论文,2015.LI M Q. The research on city spatial morphology of Jiangxinzhou Island[D]. Mianyang:Southwest University of Science and Technology Master Degree Thesis,2015.
[11]姚振兴,陈庆强,杨钦川.近60年来崇明岛东部淤涨速率初探[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(5):698-705.YAO Z X,CHEN Q Q,YANG Q C. Preliminary study on the progradation rate of the eastern part of Chongming Island in recent six decades[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(5):698-705.
[12]李芳.基于GIS的长江河口近期冲淤演变分析[D].上海:同济大学硕士学位论文,2008.LI F. Analysis of recent evolution of Yangtze Estuary based on GIS[D]. Shanghai:Master thesis of Tongji University,2008.
[13]郜昂.基于GIS的长江口九段沙湿地地貌变迁及其机制探[D].上海:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2008.GAO A. Historical evolution of the Jiuduansha Wetland,Yangtze Estuary,based on GIS analysis[D]. Shanghai:Doctoral thesis of East China Normal University,2008.
[14]刘杰,程海峰,韩露,等.流域减沙对长江口典型河槽及邻近海域演变的影响[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):249-256.LIU J,CHENG H F,HAN L,et al. Influence of fluvial sediment decline on the morph dynamics of the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent seas[J]. Advance in Water Science,2017,28(2):249-256.
[15]杨云平,李义天,樊咏阳.长江口前缘沙洲演变与流域泥沙要素关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(5):652-658.YANG Y P,LI Y T,FAN Y Y. Relationship between sediment elements of river basin and front sand islands evolution in Yangtze Estuary[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(5):652-658.
[16]陈勇,何中发,黎兵,等.长江河口拦门沙河段滩涂演化特征及驱动机制[J].海洋学报,2015,37(9):95-105.CHEN Y,HE Z F,LI B,et al. Evolution of tidal flat in the bar area of the Yangtze Estuary and their driving factors[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2015,37(9):95-105.
[17]李行,周云轩,况润元.上海崇明东滩岸线演变分析及趋势预测[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(2):417-424.LI X,ZHOU Y X,KUANG R Y. Analysis and trend prediction of shoreline evolution in Chongming Dongtan,Shanghai[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(2):417-424.
[18]李九发,应铭,戴志军,等.上海市沿海滩涂土地资源圈围与潮滩发育演变分析[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(3):361-370.LI J F,YING M,DAI Z J,et al. Analysis on the development and evolution of tidal flats and reclamation of land resource along shore of Shanghai city[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2007,22(3):361-370.
[19]路兵,蒋雪中.滩涂围垦对崇明东滩演化影响的遥感研究[J].遥感学报,2013,17(2):335-349.LU B,JIANG X Z. Reclamation impacts on the evolution of the tidal flat at Chongming Eastern Beach in Changjiang estuary[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing. 2013,17(2):335-349.
[20]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.China city statistical yearbook 2017[M]. Beijing:China statistics Press,2017.
[21]张增祥,赵晓丽,刘芳,等.中国城市扩展遥感监测图集[M].北京:星球地图出版社,2014.ZHANG Z X,ZHAO X L,LIU F,et al. Remote sensing monitoring of urban expansion in China[M]. Beijing:Star Map Press,2014.
[22]张增祥,赵晓丽,汪潇,等.中国土地利用遥感监测[M].北京:星球地图出版社,2012.ZHANG Z X,ZHAO X L,WANG X,et al. Remote sensing monitoring of land use in China[M]. Beijing:Star Map Press,2012.
[23]褚忠信.三峡水库一期蓄水对长江泥沙的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文,2006.CHU Z X. Effects of water storage on the sediment of the Yangtze River in the first phase of the Three Gorges[D]. Qingdao:Doctoral thesis of Ocean University of China,2006.
[24]应铭,李九发,万新宁,等.长江大通站输沙量时间序列分析研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(1):83-87.YING M,LI J F,WAN X N,et al. Study on time series of sediment discharge at Datong station in the Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2005,14(1):83-87.
[25]屈贵贤.长江下游大通江阴段近五十年河床演变特征及其原因分析[D].南京:南京师范大学博士学位论文,2014.QU G X. The characteristics and explanations of channel change in the Datong-Jiangvin reach of the lower Yangtze River:1959-2018[D]. Nanjing:Doctoral thesis of Nanjing Normal University,2014.
[26]于俊杰,魏乃颐,蒋仁,等.长江(镇江-泰州段)崩岸地质灾害类型,特征及成因机制[J].资源调查与环境,2013,34(2):127-132.YU J J,WEI N Y,JIANG R,et al. Types,characteristics and genetic mechanisms of bank collapse in the Zhenjiang-Taizhou reach of Yangtze River[J]. Resources Survey and Environment.2013,34(2):127-132.
[27]严金明,张雨榴,马春光.新时期国土综合整治的内涵辨析与功能定位.土地经济研究,2017(7):14-24.YAN J M,ZHANG Y L,MA C G. Discriminating comprehensive land consolidation in the NewEra[J]. Joural of Land Economics. 2017(7):14-24.