含醇汽油的燃烧与排放特性对比试验研究
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摘要
为研究汽油分别掺混甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇和异丙醇-正丁醇-乙醇(IBE)的燃烧与排放特性,在1台进气道喷射型点燃式发动机内分别将不同醇体积分数和不同工况下的含醇汽油进行对比试验研究。研究结果表明:含醇汽油的燃烧相位比纯汽油的燃烧相位提前且随醇体积分数增大更提前,故应推迟点火;含醇汽油的有效热效率除IBE(异丙醇-正丁醇-乙醇)外均下降,而有效燃油消耗率均升高,IBE-汽油的有效燃油消耗率最低;含醇汽油的CO排放在稀燃时随当量比增大而升高,与纯汽油相比,甲醇-汽油的UHC排放升高,而乙醇-汽油、正丁醇-汽油的UTC排放量降低,IBE-汽油的UTC排放量最低;含醇汽油的NOx排放量均比纯汽油的NOx排放量低,甲醇-汽油的排放量最低;相比纯汽油,IBE30的燃烧相位有较大提前,且IBE30与纯汽油的燃烧相位的差距随当量比(即可燃混合气中理论上可完全燃烧的实际含有的燃料质量与空气质量之比)和平均有效压力的增大而减小,有效热效率略高,CO,UHC和NOx排放量均较低;IBE有望成为良好的汽油代用燃料。
In order to study the residual emission characteristics of gasoline blended with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol(IBE), a comparative test with various alcohol volume fractions and under various operating conditions were respectively carried out in a port-fuel-injection SI(spark ignition) engine. The results show that the combustion phase of alcohol-gasoline is earlier than that of pure gasoline and is much earlier when the volume fraction of alcohol increases, and so the ignition should be delayed when alcohol-gasoline is employed. The brake thermal efficiency of alcohol-gasoline decreases except for IBE, whose brake specific fuel consumption increases, but the IBE-gasoline is the lowest, and the CO emission of alcohol-gasoline increases with the increase of equivalence ratio when lean burns. Compared with pure gasoline, the methanol-gasoline emission increases with the increase of gasoline.Compared with pure gasoline, the combustion phase of IBE30 is much earlier, and their combustion phase difference decreases with the increase of equivalent ratio(i.e. ratio of actual fuel content to air content in a combustible mixture that can be theoretically completely burned) and brake mean effective pressure, and the brake thermal efficiency is slightly higher,while the emissions of CO, UHC and NOx are all lower. IBE is expected to become a good alternative fuel for gasoline.
In order to study the residual emission characteristics of gasoline blended with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol(IBE), a comparative test with various alcohol volume fractions and under various operating conditions were respectively carried out in a port-fuel-injection SI(spark ignition) engine. The results show that the combustion phase of alcohol-gasoline is earlier than that of pure gasoline and is much earlier when the volume fraction of alcohol increases, and so the ignition should be delayed when alcohol-gasoline is employed. The brake thermal efficiency of alcohol-gasoline decreases except for IBE, whose brake specific fuel consumption increases, but the IBE-gasoline is the lowest, and the CO emission of alcohol-gasoline increases with the increase of equivalence ratio when lean burns. Compared with pure gasoline, the methanol-gasoline emission increases with the increase of gasoline.Compared with pure gasoline, the combustion phase of IBE30 is much earlier, and their combustion phase difference decreases with the increase of equivalent ratio(i.e. ratio of actual fuel content to air content in a combustible mixture that can be theoretically completely burned) and brake mean effective pressure, and the brake thermal efficiency is slightly higher,while the emissions of CO, UHC and NOx are all lower. IBE is expected to become a good alternative fuel for gasoline.
引文
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[3]JIN Chao,YAO Mingfa,LIU Haifeng,et al.Progress in the production and application of nbutanol as a biofuel[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2011,15:4080-4106.
[4]WU M,WANG M,LIU Jiahong,et al.Assessment of potential life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission effects from using corn-based butanol as a transportation fuel[J].Biotechnology Progress,2008,24(6):1204-1214.
[5]ZHENG Zunqing,YUE Lang,LIU Haifeng,et al.Effect of two-stage injection on combustion and emissions under high EGR rate on a diesel engine by fueling blends of diesel/gasoline,diesel/n-butanol,diesel/gasoline/n-butanol and pure diesel[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2015,90:1-11.
[6]LIU Haifeng,HUO Ming,LIU Yu,et al.Time-resolved spray,flame,soot quantitative measurement fueling n-butanol and soybean biodiesel in a constant volume chamber under various ambient temperatures[J].Fuel,2014,133:317-325.
[7]LIU Haifeng,BI Xiaojie,HUO Ming,et al.Soot emissions of various oxygenated biofuels in conventional diesel combustion and low-temperature combustion conditions[J].Energy&Fuels,2012,26:1900-1911.
[8]LIU Haifeng,LI Shanju,ZHENG Zunqing,et al.Effects of n-butanol,2-butanol,and methyl octynoate addition to diesel fuel on combustion and emissions over a wide range of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)rates[J].Applied Energy,2013,112(4):246-256.
[9]LIU Haifeng,WANG Xin,ZHENG Zunqing,et al.Experimental and simulation investigation of the combustion characteristics and emissions using nbutanol/biodiesel dual-fuel injection on a diesel engine[J].Energy,2014,74:741-752.
[10]GREEN E M.Fermentative production of butanol-the industrial perspective[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,2011,22(3):337-343.
[11]CHANG Y C,LEE W J,LIN S L,et al.Green energy:water-containing acetone-butanol-ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines[J].Applied Energy,2013,109(2):182-191.
[12]COLLAS F,KUIT W,CLéMENT B,et al.Simultaneous production of isopropanol,butanol,ethanol and 2,3-butanediol by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 engineered strains[J].AMB Express,2012,2(1):45.
[13]JANG Y S,MALAVIYA A,LEE J,et al.Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum for the enhanced production of isopropanolbutanol-ethanol fuel mixture[J].Biotechnology in Progress,2013,29(4):1083-1088.
[14]DUSSéAUX S,CROUX C,SOUCAILLE P,et al.Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 for the high-yield production of a biofuel composed of an isopropanol/butanol/ethanol mixture[J].Metabolic Engineering,2013,18:1-8.
[15]LEE J,JANG Y S,CHOI S J,et al.Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 for isopropanol-butanolethanol fermentation[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2012,78:1416-1423.
[16]RASSADIN V,SHLYGIN O Y,LIKHTEROVA N,et al.Problems in production of high-octane,unleaded automotive gasolines[J].Chemistry&Technology&Fuels&Oil,2006,42(4):235-242.
[17]DO?AN O.The influence of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends utilization on a small diesel engine performance and emissions[J].Fuel,2011,90:2467-2472.
[18]VELOO S P,EGOLFOPOULOS N F.Studies of n-propanol,iso-propanol,and propane flames[J].Combustion&Flame,2011,158(3):501-510.
[19]WALLNER T,ICKES A,LAWYER K.Analytical assessment of C2-C8 alcohols as spark-ignition engine fuels[C]//Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress.Berlin,Germany:Springer Inc,2013,191(1):15-26.
[20]NITHYANANDAN K,WU H,HUO M,et al.A preliminary investigation of the performance and emissions of a port-fuel injected SI engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)and gasoline[C]//SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1459.Detroit,USA,2014:1-10.
[21]NITHYANANDAN K,LEE C F,WU H,et al.Performance and emissions of acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)and gasoline blends in a port fuel injected spark ignition engine[C]//Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference.Columbus,USA:ASME Digital Collection,2014:V001T02A010-V001T02A020.
[22]LI Yuqiang,Nithyanandan K,Zhang Jiaxiang,et al.Combustion and emissions performance of a spark ignition engine fueled with water-containing acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends[C]//SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0908.Detroit,USA,2015:1-8.
[23]FENG Renhua,FU Jianqin,YANG Jing,et al.Combustion and emissions study on motorcycle engine fueled with butanolgasoline blend[J].Renewable Energy,2015,81:113-122.
[24]SIWALE L,KRISTóF L,BERECZKY A,et al.Performance,combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol additive in methanol-gasoline blend fired in a naturally-aspirated spark ignition engine[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2014,118(1):318-326.
[25]MASUM B M,MASJUKI H H,KALAM M A,et al.Effect of ethanol-gasoline blend on NOx emission in SI engine[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,24(10):209-222
[26]DUNN-RANKIN D.Lean combustion:technology and control[M].Pittsburgh:Academic Press,2011:268-280.
[27]DERNOTTE J,MOUNAIM-ROUSSELLE C,HALTER F,et al.Evaluation of butanol-gasoline blends in a port fuel-injection,spark-ignition engine[J].Oil&Gas Science and Technology:Revue de l’Institut Fran?ais du Pétrole,2010,65(2):345-351.