基于三维绿量的林分生态效益测算与分析——以上海浦江郊野公园为例
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摘要
为了精确地评估城市绿地生态效益及价值,提高郊野公园的经营管理水平,选取上海浦江郊野公园的5种典型林分香樟、栾树、桂树、无患子、池杉为研究对象,在逐株实测的基础上,根据绿量方程计算三维绿量,通过三维绿量换算林分产生的生态效益,再利用生态经济学方法评估生态效益价值。结果表明:所选5个林分在0.648 5 hm~2的总面积上创造的生态效益价值为23.07万元,合35.57万元/hm~2。单位面积的生态效益,在产氧量和吸收CO_2量方面,香樟>栾树>桂树>池杉>无患子;在吸收SO_2量、滞尘量(TSP)、夏季蒸腾量方面,香樟>栾树>池杉>桂树>无患子;各林分的单位面积总生态效益价值香樟>栾树>桂树>池杉>无患子。林分生态效益及价值与三维绿量呈正相关关系。
In order to accurately assess the ecological benefits and value of urban green space, improve the management level of country parks, we took 5 typical forest stands(Cinnamomum cam Phora; Koelreuteria paniculata; Osmanthusfragrans; Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; Taxodiumascendens) as an objects of study in Pujiang country park of Shanghai, used green quantity equation to calculate the three-dimensional green volume of plants, used the three-dimensional green volume to convert the ecological benefit produced by Stands, and the ecological benefits values of five forest stands were estimated by using several ecological economic methods based on the measurement of each tree. The results showed that the ecological benefit values of the selected five forest stands on the total area of only 0.648 5 hectares was 230 700 yuan/year, equivalent to 355 700 yuan/hm~2; with respect of releasing Oxygen quantity and absorbing carbon dioxide quantity, the ecological benefits per hectare decreased in the order: Cinnamomum cam Phora>Koelreuteria paniculata>Osmanthus fragrans>Taxodium ascendens>Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; with respect to absorption sulphur dioxide quantity, laying dust quantity and transpiration quantity decreased in the order: Cinnamomum cam Phora>Koelreuteria paniculata>Taxodium ascendens>Osmanthus fragrans>Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; value of ecological benefit per hectare of each stand Order decreased in the oder: Cinnamomum cam Phora>Koelreuteria paniculata>Osmanthus fragrans>Taxodium ascendens>Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. There is a positive correlation between the ecological benefit of stand, its value and three-dimensional green volume.
In order to accurately assess the ecological benefits and value of urban green space, improve the management level of country parks, we took 5 typical forest stands(Cinnamomum cam Phora; Koelreuteria paniculata; Osmanthusfragrans; Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; Taxodiumascendens) as an objects of study in Pujiang country park of Shanghai, used green quantity equation to calculate the three-dimensional green volume of plants, used the three-dimensional green volume to convert the ecological benefit produced by Stands, and the ecological benefits values of five forest stands were estimated by using several ecological economic methods based on the measurement of each tree. The results showed that the ecological benefit values of the selected five forest stands on the total area of only 0.648 5 hectares was 230 700 yuan/year, equivalent to 355 700 yuan/hm~2; with respect of releasing Oxygen quantity and absorbing carbon dioxide quantity, the ecological benefits per hectare decreased in the order: Cinnamomum cam Phora>Koelreuteria paniculata>Osmanthus fragrans>Taxodium ascendens>Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; with respect to absorption sulphur dioxide quantity, laying dust quantity and transpiration quantity decreased in the order: Cinnamomum cam Phora>Koelreuteria paniculata>Taxodium ascendens>Osmanthus fragrans>Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn; value of ecological benefit per hectare of each stand Order decreased in the oder: Cinnamomum cam Phora>Koelreuteria paniculata>Osmanthus fragrans>Taxodium ascendens>Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. There is a positive correlation between the ecological benefit of stand, its value and three-dimensional green volume.
引文
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[2]苏泳娴,黄光庆,陈修治,等.广州市城区公园对周边环境的降温效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(18):4905-4918.
[3]周志翔,邵天一,王鹏程,等.武钢厂区绿地景观类型空间结构及滞尘效应[J].生态学报,2002,22(12):2036-2040.
[4]Xie G D,Zhen L,Lu C X,et al.Applying value transfer method for Eco-service valuation in China[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2010,1(1):51-59.
[5]张彪,高吉喜,谢高地,等.北京城市绿地的蒸腾降温功能及其经济价值评估[J].生态学报,2012,32(24):7698-7705.
[6]吴云霄,陈永翔,王海洋.消光度与绿地结构的关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,36(5):28-30.
[7]郑俊鸣,朱丹丹,蒋梦莹.福州市3个山地公园三维绿量与其影响因子特征研究[J].中国园林,2018,34(2):89-93.
[8]安勇,卓丽环.哈尔滨市紫丁香绿量[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(6):81-83.
[9]杨朝晖,王浩,褚俊英,等.海河流域生态系统价值评估与空间特征[J].水利学报,2010,41(9):1121-1127.
[10]赵晶,高照良,蔡艳蓉,等.高速公路建设对土地利用类型的影响及其生态服务价值评估:以陕西省5个典型区域为研究对象[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(3):226-231,237.
[11]李勇,刘亚州.青海生态系统服务功能价值量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(5):1-10.
[12]肖强,肖洋,欧阳志云,等.重庆市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):216-223.
[13]熊善高,万军,龙花楼,等.重点生态功能区生态系统服务价值时空变化特征及启示:以湖北省宜昌市为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):296-302.
[14]刘胜涛,高鹏,刘潘伟,等.泰山森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评估[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3302-3310.
[15]Yang W R,Li F,Ru S,et al.Ecological benefits assessment and spatial modeling of urban ecosystem for controlling urban sprawl in Eastern Beijing,China[J].Ecologicalcomplexity,2011(8):153-160.
[16]卢为民.上海浦江郊野公园开门迎客[N].中国国土资源报,2017-08-09(2).
[17]徐阳.上海市五种主要绿化树种三维绿量、叶面积指数等生态指标相关研究[D].北京林业大学,2010.
[18]周坚华.城市生存环境绿色量值群的研究(5):绿化三维量及其应用研究[J].中国园林,1998(5):61-63.
[19]王萍,蒋文绪.昆明市大观河岸植被三维绿量及生态效益分析[J].山东林业科技,2010,40(6):8-11,97.
[20]中国生物多样性国情研究报告编写组.中国生物多样性国情研究报告[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[21]王兵,杨锋伟,郭浩,等.森林生态系统服务功能评估规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,LY/T 1721-2008,2008.
[22]Pistorius T,Schaich H,Winkel G,et al.Lessons for REDDplus:A comparative analysis of the German discourse on forest functions and the global ecosystem services debate[J].Forest Policy and Economics.2012,18:4-12.
[23]赵军,杨凯.生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):346-356.
[24]张宏芝.大连城市森林生态系统服务功能价值动态仿真研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2006.
[25]郭雪艳.南京市常见园林植物的绿量研究[D].南京林业大学,2009.
[26]刘常富,何兴元,陈玮,等.沈阳城市森林三维绿量测算[J].北京:北京林业大学学报,2006,28(3):32-37.
[27]陈翠玉,杨善云,黎良财.柳州市主城区河岸植被三维绿量及生态效益分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):304-308.
[28]刘畅,刘兆刚.基于AHP哈尔滨城市森林三维绿量规划分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(4):52-55..
[29]张艳丽.成都市沙河廊道植物群落结构特征分析与环境效益研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[30]李英,齐丹坤.基于生态区位测度的伊春林区森林生态服务功能价值评估[J].林业科学,2013,49(8):140-147.