老挝班康姆铜金矿床火山-侵入杂岩地球化学特征及地质意义
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摘要
班康姆铜金矿床是近年来新发现的大型铜金矿床。前人研究初步表明研究区成矿作用与古特提斯洋壳俯冲消减所产生的岩浆作用密切有关,但是缺乏岩石地球化学证据。笔者于研究区地表、钻孔采集了13件火山岩-侵入岩新鲜岩石,开展了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素分析测试。研究表明该区安山质-侵入杂岩具有岛弧钙碱性火山岩的地球化学特征,构造环境判别图显示该套岩石属于大洋弧环境,形成于大洋消减带,与洋壳板片俯冲有关。安山质-侵入杂岩来源于地幔楔,并经历了结晶分异作用,而煌斑岩形成于板片消减而富集的地幔部分熔融。通过与黎府构造带矿床稀土、微量元素特征对比,证实班康姆矿区与Chatree矿区火山岩及金矿床形成于同一期构造岩浆成矿作用,进一步表明了黎府构造岩浆带在晚二叠世—早三叠世发生了一次重要的区域成矿作用。
The Pangkuam deposit is a large-sized copper-gold deposit newly discovered in Laos. Previous studies held that the gold mineralization in the study area was closely related to the magmatic activity with the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic plate and crust vanishing; nevertheless, such an argument has not been supported by convincing geochemical evidence. In the study area, 13 samples of volcanic rock and intrusive rock were collected in order to analyze the content of main elements, trace elements and rare earth elements( REE). The research result shows that the andesitic intrusive rocks have the geochemical features of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in an island arc environment. Tectonic discrimination diagram indicates that the rocks belong to an oceanic arc environment, related to the subduction of the oceanic plate. The formation process occurred in an oceanic subduction zone. The magma of volcanic rock and intrusive rock originated from the mantle wedge with crystallization differentiation. The lamprophyre was formed by the mantle melting, which was enriched during the plate subduction. Based on a comparison with the geochemical features of REE and trace elements of several deposits in Chatree magmatic belt, the authors hold that volcanic rocks and gold deposits in the two mining areas originated from the same stage of tectonomagmatic mineralization process. The result has further demonstrated that there existed an important regional mineralization process at the Loei tectonic magmatic belt in the Late Permian-Early Triassic period.
The Pangkuam deposit is a large-sized copper-gold deposit newly discovered in Laos. Previous studies held that the gold mineralization in the study area was closely related to the magmatic activity with the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic plate and crust vanishing; nevertheless, such an argument has not been supported by convincing geochemical evidence. In the study area, 13 samples of volcanic rock and intrusive rock were collected in order to analyze the content of main elements, trace elements and rare earth elements( REE). The research result shows that the andesitic intrusive rocks have the geochemical features of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in an island arc environment. Tectonic discrimination diagram indicates that the rocks belong to an oceanic arc environment, related to the subduction of the oceanic plate. The formation process occurred in an oceanic subduction zone. The magma of volcanic rock and intrusive rock originated from the mantle wedge with crystallization differentiation. The lamprophyre was formed by the mantle melting, which was enriched during the plate subduction. Based on a comparison with the geochemical features of REE and trace elements of several deposits in Chatree magmatic belt, the authors hold that volcanic rocks and gold deposits in the two mining areas originated from the same stage of tectonomagmatic mineralization process. The result has further demonstrated that there existed an important regional mineralization process at the Loei tectonic magmatic belt in the Late Permian-Early Triassic period.
引文
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Davidson J and Wilson M.2011.Differentiation and source processes at Mt Pelee and the Quill:Active volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles Arc[J].Journal of Petrology,52(7&8):1 493~1 531.
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Deng Jianghong,Yang Xiaoyong,Zhang Zhaofeng,et al.2015.Early Cretaceous arc volcanic suite in Cebu Island,Central Philippines and its implications on Paleo-Pactific plate subduction:Constrains from geochemistry,zricon U-Pb geochronogy and Lu-Hf isotopes[J].Contents Lists Available at Science Direct,230:166~179.
Elliot T,Younger P L and Chadha D S.1997.The future sustainability of ground water resources in East Yorkshire e past and present perspectives[J].Hydrology in a Changing Environment,2:21~31.
Foley S F.1992.Vein-plus-wall-rock melting mechanisms in the lithosphere and the origin of potassic alkaline magmas[J].Lithos.28(3~6):435~453.
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Furman T and Graham D.1999.Erosion of lithospheric mantle beneath the East African Rift system:Geochemical evidence from the Kivu volcanic province[J].Lithos,48:237~262.
Garrison J M,Davidson J P,Minard H,et al.2011.Geochemistry and petrology of the most recent deposits fron Cotopaxi Volcano,northern volcanic zone,Ecuador[J].Journal of Petrology,52(9):1 641~1 678.
Goldfarb R J,Taylor R D,Collins G S,et al.2014.Phanerozoic continenal growth and gold metallogeny of Asia[J].Gondwana Research,25:48~102.
Green M M.1980.Transposable elements in Drosophila and other Diptera[J].Annual Review of Genetics,14(14):109~120.
Huang Guicheng,Li Zhichang,Qiu Ruizhao,et al.2014.Geologic and geochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks in shiduo,western Gangdise,Tibet[J].Geoscience,18(4):511~517(in Chinese with English abstract).
Intasopa S and Dunn T.1994.Petrology and Sr-Nd isotropic systems of basalts and rhyolites,Loei,Thailand[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,9(s 1~2):167~180.
Irvine T N and Baragar W R A.1971.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks[J].Can.J.Earth Sci.,8:523~548.
Jake2 P and Gill J.1970.Rare earth elements and island arc tholeiitic series[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,9(1):17.
Jake2 P and Gill J.1997.Rare earth elements and the island arc tholeiitic series[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,9:17~28.
Kamvong T,Zaw K,Meffre S,et al.2014.Adakites in the Truong sonand Loei fold belts,Thailand and Laos:Genesis and implications for geodynamics andmetallogeny[J].Gondwana Research,26:165~184.
Kang Tiesuo,Hu Yuandang and Ning Gengchen.2016.Geological characteristics and metallogenic regularity of Pangkuam Cu-Au deposit in Laos[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,5:778~782,788(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kay R W.1978.Aleutian magnesian andesites:Melts from subducted Pacific Ocean crust[J].Volcanol Geotherm Res.,4:117~132.
Kelemen P B,Rilling J L,Parmentier E M,et al.2003.Thermal structure due to solid-state flow in the mantle wedge beneath arcs[J].A-merican Geophysical Union,138:293~311.
Li Jiankun.2013.Geological characteristics and ore-prospecting significance of the Kongshawan porphyry gold deposit in Sayaboury Province,southwestern Laos[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,34(Supplement 1):183~187(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wenlan,Wang Gongwen,Chen Yongqing,et al.2011.The structural information and alteration information extraction and metallogenic prognosis in Laos area[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,10:386~391.
Lu Fengxiang,Sang Longkang,Wu Jinhua,et al.2002.Petrology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mc Culloch M T and Gamble J A.1991.Geochemical and geodynamical constraints on subduction zone magmatism[J].Earth and Planetary Letters,102:358~374.
Metcalfe I.2002.Permian tectonic framework and palaeogeography of SEAsia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Siences,20:551~566.
Miyashiro A.1974.Volcanic rock series in Island arcs and Active continental margins[J].Amertican Journal of Science,274:321~355.
Peccerillo A and Taylor S R.1976.Rare earth elements in east carpathian volcanic rocks[J].Earth and Panetary Science Letters,32:121~126.
Prelevic D,Jacob D E and Foley S F.2013.Recycling plus:a new recipe for the formation of Alpine-Himalayan orogenic mantle lithosphere[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,362:187~197.
Qian Xin,Feng Qinglai,Wang Yuejun,et al.2016.Petrochemistry and tectonic setting of the middle Triassic arc-like volcanic rocks in the Sayabouli area,NW Laos[J].Journal of Earth Science,27(3):365~377.
Qian Xin,Feng Qinglai,Yang Wenqiang,et al.2015.Arc-like volcanic rocks in NW Laos:Geochronological and geochemical constraints and their tectonic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,98:342~357.
Ringwood A E.1980.Slab-mantle interactions:Petrogenesis ofintraplate magmas and structure of the upper mantle[J].Chemical Geology,82:187~207.
Salam A,Zaw K,Meffre S,et al.2014.Geochemisty and geochronology of the Chatree epithermal gold-sliver deposit:Implications for the tectonic setting of the Loei Fold Belt,central Thailand[J].Gondwana Research,26:198~217.
Saunders A D,Tarney J and Weaver S D.1980.Transverse geochemical variations across the Antarctic Peninsula:implications for the genesis of calc-alkaline magmas[J].Earth Planet Sci.Lett.,46:344~360.
Shuto M,Tomino F,Ohmi H,et al.2013.Voltage distribution over capacitively coupled plasma electrode for atmospheric-pressure plasma generation[J].Nanoscale Research Letters,8(1):1~7.
Sillitoe R H.2010.Porphy copper systems[J].Economic Geology,105:3~41.
Stoppa F,Alexei S R,Keith B,et al.2014.Lamprohyres of Italy:early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany,Italy[J].Contents Lists Abailable at Science Direct,188:97~122.
Sun S S and Mcdonough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society of London Special Publications,42:313~345.
Tangwattananukul L,Ishiyama D,Matsubaya O,et al.2009.Gold mineralization of Q prospect at Chatree deposit,central Thailand[R].Nmccannual Report 16.
Tappert R,Foden J,Stachel T,et al.2009.Deep mantle diamonds from South Australia:A record of Pacific subduction at the Gondwanan margin[J].Geology,37(1):43~46.
Tatsumi Y,Takahashi T,Hirahara Y,et al.2008.New insights into andesite genesis:the role of mantle-derived calc-alkalic and crust-derived tholeiitic melts in magma differentiantion beneath Zao Volcano,NE Japan[J].Journal of Petrology,49(11):1 971~2 008.
Taylor S R and Mc Lennan S M.1985.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution[M].London:Blackwell,1~328.
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