储层流动单元划分方法评价及优选
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摘要
开展储层流动单元研究对于定量刻画储层非均质性、提高测井解释精度及认识剩余油分布具有重要意义,但其识别方法较多,且适用性存在差异。以珠江口盆地W油田为例,对比了4种不同的流动单元定量划分方法,并探索了其适用性。研究认为:修改的地层Lorenz图法和流动分层指标法均基于孔渗比值关系,难以识别致密层;孔喉几何形状法虽能识别致密层,但对质量较好的储层区分作用不明显,而对质量较差的储层划分又过细;非均质综合指数法同时考虑了控制储层平面非均质性的定性参数和表征流体渗流特征的定量参数,将致密层单独划分为一类流动单元,有效区别于其他油水层,划分结果避免了异常点或过渡类型的影响,能够全面、合理地反映储层非均质性。
Research on flow units is significant for the studies of reservoir heterogeneity and remaining oil distribution,as well as improving accuracy of well log interpretation models. Methods of flow unit identification are various, and their applicability is also different. Taking W oilfield in the Pearl River Mouth Basin as an example, this paper respectively used four methods to identify flow units, including modified stratigraphic Lorenz plot, flow zone indicator,integrated index of reservoir heterogeneity and pore throat aperture. Both modified stratigraphic Lorenz plot method and flow zone indicator method are based on permeability and porosity ratio, so it is difficult to identify tight reservoir.Pore throat aperture method can be used to identify tight reservoir, but it is difficult to differentiate high quality reservoir and meticulous to divide low quality reservoirs. Integrated index of reservoir heterogeneity synthesizes various qualitative and quantitative parameters, it divides tight reservoir as a separate kind of flow unit which can be effectively distinguished from other oil layer, and the division result can reflect reservoir heterogeneity reasonably, so it is the best method for flow unit division in the study area.
Research on flow units is significant for the studies of reservoir heterogeneity and remaining oil distribution,as well as improving accuracy of well log interpretation models. Methods of flow unit identification are various, and their applicability is also different. Taking W oilfield in the Pearl River Mouth Basin as an example, this paper respectively used four methods to identify flow units, including modified stratigraphic Lorenz plot, flow zone indicator,integrated index of reservoir heterogeneity and pore throat aperture. Both modified stratigraphic Lorenz plot method and flow zone indicator method are based on permeability and porosity ratio, so it is difficult to identify tight reservoir.Pore throat aperture method can be used to identify tight reservoir, but it is difficult to differentiate high quality reservoir and meticulous to divide low quality reservoirs. Integrated index of reservoir heterogeneity synthesizes various qualitative and quantitative parameters, it divides tight reservoir as a separate kind of flow unit which can be effectively distinguished from other oil layer, and the division result can reflect reservoir heterogeneity reasonably, so it is the best method for flow unit division in the study area.
引文
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[12]Ahrimankosh M,Kasiri N,Mousavi S M.Improved permeability prediction of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir using artificial neural networks based on the flow zone index approach[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2011,29(23):2494-2506.
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[14]Izadi M,Ghalambor.A new approach in permeability and hydraulicflow-unit determination[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2013,16(3):257-264.
[15]Peyravi M,Kamali M R,Kalani M.Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Early Triassic Kangan Formation in the northern part of the Persian Gulf:Implications for reservoir characteristics[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2010,33(4):371-386.
[16]董春梅,林承焰,赵海朋,等.基于流动单元的测井储层参数解释模型[J].测井技术,2006,30(5):425-428.Dong Chunmei,Lin Chengyan,Zhao Haipeng,et al.Model of well logging reservoir parameter interpretation based on flow units[J].Well Logging Technology,2006,30(5):425-428.
[17]施玉娇,高振东,王起琮,等.碎屑岩储层流动单元划分及特征——以陕北富昌地区延长组长2段储层为例[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(4):99-103.Shi Yujiao,Gao Zhendong,Wang Qicong,et al.The division and character of clastic reservoir flowing unit:An example from Chang2 reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Fuchang area,Northern Shannxi[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(4):99-103.
[18]林承焰.剩余油形成与分布[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000:39-53.Lin Chengyan.Formation and distribution of remaining oil[M].Dongying:Press of the University of Petroleum,China,2001:39-53.
[19]Hartmann D J,Beaumont E A.Predicting reservoir system quality and performance[G]∥Beaumont E A,Foster N H.Exploring for oil and gas traps.AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology,Handbook of Petroleum Geology,1999.
[20]Martin A J J,Solomon S T,Hartmann D J.Characterization of petrophysical flow units in carbonate reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(5):734-759.
[2]岳大力,吴胜和,林承焰.碎屑岩储层流动单元研究进展[J].中国科技论文在线,2008,3(11):810-817.Yue Dali,Wu Shenghe,Lin Chengyan.Research progress in flow unit of clastic reservoir[J].Sciencepaper Online,2008,3(11):810-817.
[3]林承焰,李红南,董春梅,等.油藏仿真模型与剩余油预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:62-90.Lin Chengyan,Li Hongnan,Dong Chunmei,et al.Simulation model of oil reservoir and remaining oil prediction[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:62-90.
[4]袁彩萍,姚光庆,徐思煌,等.油气储层流动单元研究综述[J].地质科技情报,2006,25(4):21-26.Yuan Caiping,Yao Guangqing,Xu Sihuang,et al.Review on fluid flow unit in oil&gas reservoirs[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2006,25(4):21-26.
[5]Amaefule J O,Altunbay M,Tiab D,et al.Enhanced reservoir description:Using core and log data to identify hydraulic(flow)units and predict permeability in uncored intervals/wells[R].SPE 26436,1993.
[6]Canas J A,Malik Z A,Wu C H.Characterization of flow units in sandstone reservoirs:La Cira Field Colombia South America[R].SPE 27732,1994.
[7]Ti Guangming,Ogbe D O,Munly W,et al.Use of flow units as a tool for reservoir description:A case study[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1995,10(2):122-128.
[8]Gunter G W,Finneran J M,Hartmann D J,et al.Early determination of reservoir flow units using an integrated petrophysical method[R].SPE 38679,1997.
[9]Aguilera R,Aguilera M S.The integration of capillary pressures and Pickett plots for determination of flow units and reservoir containers[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2002,5(6):465-471.
[10]Aguilera R.Flow units:From conventional to tight gas to shale gas reservoirs[R].SPE 132845,2010.
[11]Clarkson C R,Jensen J L,Pedersen P K,et al.Innovative methods for flow-unit and pore-structure analyses in a tight siltstone and shale gas reservoir[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(2):355-374.
[12]Ahrimankosh M,Kasiri N,Mousavi S M.Improved permeability prediction of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir using artificial neural networks based on the flow zone index approach[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2011,29(23):2494-2506.
[13]Nooruddin H A,Hossain M E.Modified Kozeny-Carman correlation for enhanced hydraulic flow unit characterization[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2012,80:107-115.
[14]Izadi M,Ghalambor.A new approach in permeability and hydraulicflow-unit determination[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2013,16(3):257-264.
[15]Peyravi M,Kamali M R,Kalani M.Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Early Triassic Kangan Formation in the northern part of the Persian Gulf:Implications for reservoir characteristics[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2010,33(4):371-386.
[16]董春梅,林承焰,赵海朋,等.基于流动单元的测井储层参数解释模型[J].测井技术,2006,30(5):425-428.Dong Chunmei,Lin Chengyan,Zhao Haipeng,et al.Model of well logging reservoir parameter interpretation based on flow units[J].Well Logging Technology,2006,30(5):425-428.
[17]施玉娇,高振东,王起琮,等.碎屑岩储层流动单元划分及特征——以陕北富昌地区延长组长2段储层为例[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(4):99-103.Shi Yujiao,Gao Zhendong,Wang Qicong,et al.The division and character of clastic reservoir flowing unit:An example from Chang2 reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Fuchang area,Northern Shannxi[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(4):99-103.
[18]林承焰.剩余油形成与分布[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000:39-53.Lin Chengyan.Formation and distribution of remaining oil[M].Dongying:Press of the University of Petroleum,China,2001:39-53.
[19]Hartmann D J,Beaumont E A.Predicting reservoir system quality and performance[G]∥Beaumont E A,Foster N H.Exploring for oil and gas traps.AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology,Handbook of Petroleum Geology,1999.
[20]Martin A J J,Solomon S T,Hartmann D J.Characterization of petrophysical flow units in carbonate reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(5):734-759.