构建县域早稻氮磷钾施肥的系统聚类方法研究
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摘要
【目的】为建立县域早稻氮磷钾施肥类别,探讨多点肥效试验资料的定量分类方法。【方法】以仙游县26个早稻"3414"设计的氮磷钾肥试验结果为例,探讨不同系统聚类分析方法的适用性及其类别间差异显著性。【结果】对生产条件和生产技术水平差异较小的县域肥效试验资料,以能使类别间距离空间扩展范围较大的欧氏距离–离差平方和法为最佳系统聚类分析方法,可将26个试验资料清晰地分成3类,分别对应于该县的高产、中产和低产稻田类型;两两类别间的空白区产量和平衡施肥产量均达到差异显著水平,且在95%置信区间下,稻谷产量水平在3个类别间几乎不出现交叉重叠。在此基础上,根据3种施肥类别对应的试验点资料,分别建立三元二次多项式类特征肥料效应方程,进而得到这3个施肥类别的推荐施肥量。【结论】欧氏距离–离差平方和法系统聚类分析是县域多点肥效试验资料的一种有效定量分类方法,可将仙游县早稻分为具有统计显著性差异的3个氮磷钾施肥类别。
【Objectives】Quantitative classification methods of multi-point experimental data of fertilizer responses were studied to build fertilization categories of N, P and K fertilizers of early rice in county territory.【Methods】Based on results of the 26 field experiments of "3414"early rice response to N, P and K fertilization in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, China, applicability of different system clustering analysis methods and their significant differences were explored.【Results】Based on the county experimental data of fertilizer response to production conditions and the little differences of production technology, and the best system clustering analysis method by Euclidean distance-Ward's method for larger spatial extension between the categories, the 26 experimental datasets were clearly divided into three categories, which were corresponding to the high yield paddy, middle yield paddy and low yield paddy respectively in the county.There were significant differences between blank area yields and the yields of the balanced fertilization between two categories, and rice yields hardly overlapped among the three categories with the 95% confidence interval. Based on the three fertilization categories corresponding to the experimental data, class feature fertilization response function of quadratic polynomial was developed respectively, and then recommendation rates of fertilizers of the three fertilization categories were gained.【Conclusions】System clustering analysis by Euclidean distance-Ward's method is effective quantitative classification method for the county multi-point fertilization response data, and early rice can be divided into three fertilization categories of N, P and K fertilizers with statistically significant differences in Xianyou county.
【Objectives】Quantitative classification methods of multi-point experimental data of fertilizer responses were studied to build fertilization categories of N, P and K fertilizers of early rice in county territory.【Methods】Based on results of the 26 field experiments of "3414"early rice response to N, P and K fertilization in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, China, applicability of different system clustering analysis methods and their significant differences were explored.【Results】Based on the county experimental data of fertilizer response to production conditions and the little differences of production technology, and the best system clustering analysis method by Euclidean distance-Ward's method for larger spatial extension between the categories, the 26 experimental datasets were clearly divided into three categories, which were corresponding to the high yield paddy, middle yield paddy and low yield paddy respectively in the county.There were significant differences between blank area yields and the yields of the balanced fertilization between two categories, and rice yields hardly overlapped among the three categories with the 95% confidence interval. Based on the three fertilization categories corresponding to the experimental data, class feature fertilization response function of quadratic polynomial was developed respectively, and then recommendation rates of fertilizers of the three fertilization categories were gained.【Conclusions】System clustering analysis by Euclidean distance-Ward's method is effective quantitative classification method for the county multi-point fertilization response data, and early rice can be divided into three fertilization categories of N, P and K fertilizers with statistically significant differences in Xianyou county.
引文
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[16]傅德印.Q型系统聚类分析中的统计检验问题[J].统计与信息论坛,2007,22(3):10-14.Fu D Y.Statistical test problem at Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis[J].Statistics&Information Forum,2007,22(3):10-14.
[17]王兴仁.二元二次肥料效应曲线等产线图在科学施肥中的位置(一)[J].土壤通报,1985,16(1):30-34.Wang X R.The position of yield contour chart of binary quadratic curve of fertilizer response such as production position in scientific fertilization(1)[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1985,16(1):30-34.
[18]王兴仁.二元二次肥料效应曲线等产线图在科学施肥中的位置(二)[J].土壤通报,1985,16(2):86-88.Wang X R.The position of yield contour chart of binary quadratic curve of fertilizer response such as production position in scientific fertilization(2)[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1985,16(2):86-88.
[19]章明清,徐志平,姚宝全,等.Monte Carlo法在多元肥效模型参数估计和推荐施肥中的应用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):366-373.Zhang M Q,Xu Z P,Yao B Q,et al.Using Monte Carlo method for parameter estimation and fertilization recommendation of multivariate fertilizer response model[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):366-373.
[20]李娟,章明清,姚宝全,等.福建单季稻氮磷钾推荐施肥量研究[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(10):933-938.Li J,Zhang M Q,Yao B Q,et al.Recommended N,P and Kfertilization for single-cropping rice in fujian[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,30(10):933-938.
[2]Colwell J.D.The derivation of fertilizer recommendations for crop in non-uniform environment[J].Fertilizer,Crop Quality and Economy.1974,936-961.
[3]王兴仁,陈伦寿,毛达如,等.分类回归综合法及其在区域施肥决策中的应用[J].土壤通报,1989,20(1):17-21.Wang X R,Chen L S,Mao D R,et al.Classification regression synthesis method and its application for regional fertilization decision-making[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1989,20(1):17-21.
[4]杨守春,陈伦寿,刘光崧,等.黄淮海平原主要作物优化施肥与土壤培肥研究总论,黄淮海平原主要作物优化施肥与土壤培肥技术[M].北京:中国农业科学出版社,1991.1-26.Yang S C,Chen L S,Liu G S,et al.Summary of main crop optimized fertilization and soil fertility improvement in the HuangHuai-Hai Plain:Technique of main crop optimized fertilization and soil fertility improvement in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science Press,1991.1-26.
[5]吴良欢,陶勤南.水稻肥料多点试验聚类分析阈值及其应用[J].中国水稻科学,2000,14(3):144-148.Wu L H,Tao Q N.Threshold of cluster analysis for rice dispersed fertilizer experiments and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2000,14(3):144-148.
[6]陈欢,曹承富,张存岭,等.基于主成分-聚类分析评价长期施肥对砂姜黑土肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(3):609-617.Chen H,Cao C F,Zhang C L,et al.Principal component cluster analysis of effects of long-term fertilization on fertility of lime concretion black soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(3):609-617.
[7]Jalali M.Multivariate statistical analysis of potassium status in agricultural soils in Hamadan,Western Iran[J].Pedosphere,2010,20(3):293-303.
[8]Jin X H,Yao Y H,Liu W L.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of soil nutrients for planting Schisandrachinensis(Turcz)Baoll in Yanbian Area[J].Medicinal Plant,2011,2(6):1-4.
[9]Tagarakis A,Liakos V,Fountas S.Management zones delineation using fuzzy clustering techniques in grapevines[J].Precision Agriculture,2013,14:18-39.
[10]Chen F W,Liu W Y,Chang F J.Improvement of the agricultural effective rainfall for irrigating rice using the optimal clustering model of rainfall station network[J].Paddy Water Environment,2014,12:393-406.
[11]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.146-196.Lu R K.Soil agricultural chemical analysis method[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.146-196.
[12]袁志发,宋世德.多元统计分析(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.278-293.Yuan Z F,Song S D,Multivariate statistical analysis(the second edition)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.278-293.
[13]刘多森,曾志远.土壤和环境研究中的数学方法和建模[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.134-165.Liu D S,Zeng Z Y.Mathematical method and modeling of soil and environment[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1987.134-165.
[14]陈彦光.基于MATLAB的地理数据分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.159-180.Chen Y G.Geographic data analysis based on the MATLAB[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012.159-180.
[15]章明清,林代炎,林仁埙,姜永.极值判别分析在三元肥效模型推荐施肥中的作用[J].福建农业学报,1995,10(2):54-59.Zhang M Q,Lin D Y,Lin R X,Jiang Y.Function of distinguish analysis on extreme value in recommendatory fertilization for threefertilizer efficiency model[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1995,10(2):54-59.
[16]傅德印.Q型系统聚类分析中的统计检验问题[J].统计与信息论坛,2007,22(3):10-14.Fu D Y.Statistical test problem at Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis[J].Statistics&Information Forum,2007,22(3):10-14.
[17]王兴仁.二元二次肥料效应曲线等产线图在科学施肥中的位置(一)[J].土壤通报,1985,16(1):30-34.Wang X R.The position of yield contour chart of binary quadratic curve of fertilizer response such as production position in scientific fertilization(1)[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1985,16(1):30-34.
[18]王兴仁.二元二次肥料效应曲线等产线图在科学施肥中的位置(二)[J].土壤通报,1985,16(2):86-88.Wang X R.The position of yield contour chart of binary quadratic curve of fertilizer response such as production position in scientific fertilization(2)[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1985,16(2):86-88.
[19]章明清,徐志平,姚宝全,等.Monte Carlo法在多元肥效模型参数估计和推荐施肥中的应用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):366-373.Zhang M Q,Xu Z P,Yao B Q,et al.Using Monte Carlo method for parameter estimation and fertilization recommendation of multivariate fertilizer response model[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):366-373.
[20]李娟,章明清,姚宝全,等.福建单季稻氮磷钾推荐施肥量研究[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(10):933-938.Li J,Zhang M Q,Yao B Q,et al.Recommended N,P and Kfertilization for single-cropping rice in fujian[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,30(10):933-938.